A kaktuszfélék családjának nemzetségei

Napjainkban 150 érvényes nemzetséget ismernek el.

A kaktuszfélék nemzetségeinek és altaxonjainak nevei

Korotkova & al.: Cactaceae at Caryophyllales.org – species-level checklist
A kaktuszfélék nemzetségeinek és altaxonjainak érvényes és szinonim nevei

Acc.#1. Acanthocalycium Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 224, 412. 1936 ["1935"]. Sec. Schlumpberger (2021) Type: Acanthocalycium spiniflorum (K.Schum.) Backeb.

Notes. – Excluded from Echinopsis by Schlumpberger & Renner (2012); cf. Hunt (2016), CITES Cactaceae Checklist 3rd edition; see also note under Echinopsis. [Schlumpberger (2021)]

Acc.#1.1.1 Acanthocalycium glaucum F.Ritter in Taxon 13: 143. 1964. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#1.1.1Lobivia thionantha var. glauca (F.Ritter) Rausch, Lobivia 85: 156. 1987 ["1985"] Echinopsis thionantha subsp. glauca (F.Ritter) M.Lowry in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 19: 12. 2005 Acanthocalycium thionanthum subsp. glaucum (F.Ritter) Lodé in Cact.-Avent. Int. 98(Suppl.): 2. 2013

Syn.#1.1.2= Echinopsis glaucina H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley in I.O.S. Bull. 3(3): 95. 1974 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#1.2.1 Acanthocalycium leucanthum (Gillies ex Salm-Dyck) Schlumpb. in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 28: 29. 2012. Sec. Schlumpberger (2012)

Syn.#1.2.1Echinocactus leucanthus Gillies ex Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck.: 341. 1834 syn. sec. Schlumpberger (2012) Cereus leucanthus (Gillies ex Salm-Dyck) Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 71. 1837 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinopsis leucantha (Gillies ex Salm-Dyck) Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 2: 324. 1843

Syn.#1.2.2= Melocactus ambiguus Pfeiff. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 1: 364. 1833 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#1.2.3= Cereus incurvispinus Otto & A.Dietr. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 3: 244. 1835 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#1.2.4= Melocactus elegans Pfeiff. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 3: 244. 1835 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#1.2.5= Echinonyctanthus leucanthus Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 85. 1839 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#1.2.6= Echinocactus salpigophorus Pfeiff. ex Labour., Monogr. Cactaceae: 302. 1853 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#1.2.7= Echinopsis campylacantha var. leucantha Labour., Monogr. Cactaceae: 305. 1853 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#1.2.8= Echinopsis campylacantha var. stylodes Monv. ex Labour., Monogr. Cactaceae: 305. 1853 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#1.2.9= Echinopsis simplex Niedt in Allg. Gartenzeitung 25: 238. 1857 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#1.2.10= Cereus campylacanthus (Pfeiff. & Otto) Mottet, Dict. Prat. Hort. 1: 582. 1892–1893 Echinopsis campylacantha Pfeiff. & Otto, Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 1: t. 4. 1838 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#1.2.11= Echinopsis baldiana Speg. in Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, ser. 3, 4: 490. 1905 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#1.2.12= Echinopsis cordobensis Speg. in Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, ser. 3, 4: 489. 1905 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#1.2.13= Echinopsis intricatissima Speg. in Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, ser. 3, 4: 491. 1905 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#1.2.14= Echinopsis melanopotamica Speg. in Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, ser. 3, 4: 492. 1905 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#1.2.15= Echinopsis molesta Speg. in Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, ser. 3, 4: 490. 1905 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#1.2.16= Echinopsis shaferi Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 69. 1922 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#1.2.17= Echinopsis spegazziniana Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 69. 1922 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#1.2.18= Echinopsis leucantha var. brasiliensis Speg. in Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 99: 120. 1925 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#1.2.19= Echinopsis gladispina Y.Itô, Explan. Diagr. Austroechinocactinae: 68. 1957 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#1.2.20= Echinopsis leucantha var. volliana Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 28. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#1.3.1 Acanthocalycium rhodotrichum (K.Schum.) Schlumpb. in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 28: 29. 2012. Sec. Schlumpberger (2012)

Syn.#1.3.1Echinopsis rhodotricha K.Schum. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 10: 147. 1900 syn. sec. Schlumpberger (2012) Acanthocalycium rhodotricum (K.Schum.) Schlumpb. in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 28: 29. 2012 syn. sec. TPL (2013) [is misspelling for Acanthocalycium rhodotrichum (K.Schum.) Schlumpb.]

Syn.#1.3.2= Echinocactus forbesii Lehm. in Repert. Bot. Syst. 2: 319. 1843 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#1.3.3= Echinopsis forbesii A.Dietr. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 17: 193. 1849 syn. sec. Tropicos Echinopsis pentlandii var. forbesii (A.Dietr.) Rud.Mey. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 7: 155. 1897 syn. sec. Tropicos Echinopsis pentlandii var. forbesii (A.Dietr.) Hildm. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 20: 180. 1910 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Lobivia pentlandii var. forbesii (A.Dietr.) Y.Itô ex Backeb., Cactaceae 3: 1383. 1959

Syn.#1.3.4= Echinopsis valida var. forbesii Rud.Mey. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 5: 133. 1895 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#1.3.5= Cereus validissimus F.A.C.Weber, Dict. Hort.: 473. 1896 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#1.3.6= Echinopsis rhodotricha var. roseiflora K.Schum. in Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 3: 251. 1903 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#1.3.7= Echinopsis spegazzinii K.Schum. ex Speg. in Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, ser. 3, 4: 488. 1905 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#1.3.8= Echinopsis rhodotricha var. argentinensis Rud.Mey. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 21: 188. 1911 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#1.3.9= Echinopsis rhodotricha var. robusta Rud.Mey. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 24: 113. 1914 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#1.3.10= Echinopsis robinsoniana Werderm., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Sonderbeih. C: t. 80. 1934 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#1.3.11= Echinopsis chacoana var. spinosior F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 44: 26. 1965 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinopsis rhodotricha var. spinosior (F.Ritter) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 262. 1979 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#1.3.12= Echinopsis rhodotricha var. brevispina F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 263. 1979 syn. sec. Tropicos

Acc.#1.4.1 Acanthocalycium rhodotrichum subsp. chacoanum (Schütz) Schlumpb. in Willdenowia 51: 264. 2021. Sec. Schlumpberger (2021)

Syn.#1.4.1Echinopsis chacoana Schütz in Kaktusář. Listy 17: 1. 1949 syn. sec. Schlumpberger (2021) Echinopsis rhodotricha var. chacoana (Schütz) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 263. 1979 syn. sec. Schlumpberger (2021) Echinopsis rhodotricha subsp. chacoana (Schütz) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Succulenta (Netherlands) 74(3): 130. 1995 syn. sec. Schlumpberger (2021)

Syn.#1.4.2= Echinopsis klingleriana Cárdenas in Cactus (Paris) 85: 109. 1965 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#1.5.1 Acanthocalycium rhodotrichum subsp. rhodotrichum Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#1.5.2= Echinopsis minuana Speg. in Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, ser. 3, 4: 488. 1905 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#1.5.3= Echinopsis meyeri Heese in Gartenflora 56: 1. 1907 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#1.6.1 Acanthocalycium spiniflorum (K.Schum.) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 226. 1936 ["1935"]. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#1.6.1Echinocactus spiniflorus K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt., Nachtr. 1: 88. 1903 Echinopsis spiniflora (K.Schum.) A.Berger, Kakteen: 193. 1929 Lobivia spiniflora (K.Schum.) Rausch, Lobivia 85: 157. 1987 ["1985"]

Syn.#1.6.2= Echinopsis klimpeliana Weidlich & Werderm. in Z. Sukkulentenk. 3: 175. 1928 Lobivia klimpeliana (Weidlich & Werderm.) A.Berger, Kakteen: 196. 1929 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Acanthocalycium klimpelianum (Weidlich & Werderm.) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 225. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Lobivia spiniflora var. klimpeliana (Weidlich & Werderm.) Rausch, Lobivia 85: 157. 1987 ["1985"]

Syn.#1.6.3= Echinopsis violacea Werderm. in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 262. 1931 Acanthocalycium violaceum (Werderm.) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 226. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Lobivia spiniflora var. violacea (Werderm.) Rausch, Lobivia 85: 157. 1987 ["1985"] Acanthocalycium spiniflorum f. violaceum (Werderm.) Donald in Ashingtonia 1: 116. 1975, nom. inval.

Syn.#1.6.4= Acanthocalycium peitscherianum Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 225. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Echinopsis peitscherana (Backeb.) H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley in I.O.S. Bull. 3(3): 97. 1974 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia spiniflora var. peitscheriana (Backeb.) Rausch, Lobivia 85: 158. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Acanthocalycium spiniflorum f. peitscherianum (Backeb.) Donald in Ashingtonia 1: 116. 1975, nom. inval.

Syn.#1.6.5= Acanthocalycium variiflorum Backeb., Kakteenlex.: 57. 1966 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#1.6.6= Lobivia spiniflora var. macrantha Rausch, Lobivia 85: 158. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Acanthocalycium klimpelianum var. macranthum (Rausch) J.G.Lamb., Cactus Argentine, ed. 2: 9. 1998 syn. sec. Tropicos

Acc.#1.7.1 Acanthocalycium thionanthum (Speg.) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 226. 1936 ["1935"]. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#1.7.1Echinocactus thionanthus Speg. in Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, ser. 3, 4: 499. 1905 Lobivia thionantha (Speg.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 57–58, f. 74. 1922 Echinopsis thionantha (Speg.) Werderm. in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 264. 1931 Echinopsis thionantha (Speg.) D.R.Hunt in Bradleya 5: 92. 1987 syn. sec. Tropicos Lobivia thionanthus (Speg.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 57–58, f. 74. 1922 syn. sec. TPL (2013) [is orthographic variant for Lobivia thionantha (Speg.) Britton & Rose]

Syn.#1.7.2= Echinocactus chionanthus Speg. in Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, ser. 3, 4: 499. 1905 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia chionanthus (Speg.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 58. 1922 Echinopsis chionantha (Speg.) Werderm. in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 264. 1931 Acanthocalycium chionanthum (Speg.) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 225. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Lobivia thionantha var. chionantha (Speg.) Rausch, Lobivia 85: 156. 1987 ["1985"]

Syn.#1.7.3= Acanthocalycium griseum Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 5. 1963 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#1.7.4= Acanthocalycium brevispinum F.Ritter in Taxon 13: 144. 1964 Echinopsis brevispina (F.Ritter) H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley in I.O.S. Bull. 3(3): 94. 1974 Lobivia thionantha var. brevispina (F.Ritter) Rausch, Lobivia 85: 153. 1987 ["1985"]

Syn.#1.7.5= Acanthocalycium aurantiacum Rausch in Kakteen And. Sukk. 21(3): 45. 1970 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Echinopsis aurantiaca (Rausch) H.Friedrich & G.D.Rowley in I.O.S. Bull. 3(3): 94. 1974 Lobivia thionantha var. aurantiaca (Rausch) Rausch, Lobivia 85: 156. 1987 ["1985"]

Syn.#1.7.6= Acanthocalycium catamarcense F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 465. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Lobivia thionantha var. catamarcensis (F.Ritter) Rausch, Lobivia 85: 156. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#1.7.7= Lobivia thionantha var. erythrantha Rausch, Lobivia 85: 155. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#1.8.1 Acanthocalycium thionanthum subsp. ferrarii (Rausch) Schlumpb. in Willdenowia 51: 264. 2021. Sec. Schlumpberger (2021)

Syn.#1.8.1Acanthocalycium ferrarii Rausch in Succulenta (Netherlands) 55: 82. 1976 syn. sec. Schlumpberger (2021) Lobivia thionantha var. ferrarii (Rausch) Rausch, Lobivia 85: 156. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Schlumpberger (2021) Echinopsis thionantha subsp. ferrarii (Rausch) M.Lowry in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 14: 14. 2002 syn. sec. Schlumpberger (2021)

Syn.#1.8.2= Lobivia thionantha var. munita Rausch, Lobivia 85: 154. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Acanthocalycium thionanthum var. munitum (Rausch) J.G.Lamb., Cactus Argentine, ed. 2: 16. 1998 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#1.8.3= Lobivia thionantha var. variiflora Rausch, Lobivia 85: 156. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#1.9.1 Acanthocalycium thionanthum subsp. thionanthum

Acc.#2. Acanthocereus (Engelm. ex A.Berger) Britton & Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 432. 1909. Sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Type: Acanthocereus baxaniensis (Karw. ex Pfeiff.) Borg

Syn.#2.g1Cereus subsect. Acanthocereus Engelm. ex A.Berger in Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 16: 77. 1905 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#2.0.1=Peniocereus subg. Pseudoacanthocereus Sánchez-Mej. in Cact. Suc. Mex. 19: 38. 1974 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017). Type: Peniocereus maculatus (Weing.) Cutak; Cereus maculatus Weing.

Notes. – The sister relationship of Peniocereus subg. Pseudoacanthocereus and Acanthocereus has been shown several times with high statistical support from plastid data (Nyffeler 2002; Arias & al. 2005; Korotkova & al. 2017). Based on these results, Acanthocereus is only monophyletic if it also includes Peniocereus subg. Pseudoacanthocereus. Therefore, a new circumscription of Acanthocereus now including the nine erstwhile Peniocereus subgen. Pseudoacanthocereus species was provided by Korotkova & al. (2017). [Arias (2021)]

Acc.#2.1.1 Acanthocereus canoensis (P.R.House, Gómez-Hin. & H.M.Hern.) S.Arias & N.Korotkova in Phytotaxa 327(1): 18. 2017. Sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#2.1.1Peniocereus canoensis P.R.House, Gómez-Hin. & H.M.Hern. in Revista Mex. Biodivers. 84: 1077. 2013 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Acc.#2.2.1 Acanthocereus castellae (Sánchez-Mej.) Lodé in Cact.-Avent. Int. 98(Suppl.): 2. 2013. Sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#2.2.1Peniocereus castellae Sánchez-Mej. in Cact. Suc. Mex. 19(1): 12. 1974 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Acc.#2.3.1 Acanthocereus chiapensis Bravo in Cact. Suc. Mex. 17: 117. 1972. Sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#2.3.1Peniocereus chiapensis (Bravo) Gómez-Hin. & H.M.Hern. in Revista Mex. Biodivers. 76(2): 131. 2005 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#2.3.2Acanthocereus griseus Backeb. in Cactus (Paris) 85: 103–106. 1965, nom. inval. syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Acc.#2.4.1 Acanthocereus cuixmalensis (Sánchez-Mej.) Lodé in Cact.-Avent. Int. 98(Suppl.): 2. 2013. Sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#2.4.1Peniocereus cuixmalensis Sánchez-Mej. in Cact. Suc. Mex. 18: 91. 1973 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Acc.#2.5.1 Acanthocereus fosterianus (Cutak) Lodé in Cact.-Avent. Int. 98(Suppl.): 2. 2013. Sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#2.5.1Peniocereus fosterianus Cutak in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 18: 19. 1946 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#2.5.2= Peniocereus fosterianus var. multitepalum Sánchez-Mej. in Cact. Suc. Mex. 19(2): 50. 1974 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#2.5.3= Peniocereus fosterianus var. nizandensis Sánchez-Mej. in Cact. Suc. Mex. 19(2): 49. 1974 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Acc.#2.6.1 Acanthocereus haackeanus Backeb. ex Lodé in Int. Cact. Advent. 111-112: 66. 2016. Sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#2.6.1Peniocereus haackeanus Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 12. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoevansia haackeana (Backeb.) Sánchez-Mej. in Cact. Suc. Mex. 18: 24. 1973, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoevansia haackiana (Backeb.) Sánchez-Mej. in Cact. Suc. Mex. 18: 24. 1973, nom. inval. syn. sec. Tropicos

Acc.#2.7.1 Acanthocereus hesperius D.R.Hunt in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 34: 9. 2016. Sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#2.7.2= Peniocereus occidentalis Bravo ex S.Arias, U.Guzmán & Gama in Cact. Suc. Mex. 37: 75. 1992 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Peniocereus occidentalis Bravo, Cact. Suc. Mex. 8: 80. 1963, nom. inval. syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Acc.#2.8.1 Acanthocereus hirschtianus (K.Schum.) Lodé in Cact.-Avent. Int. 98(Suppl.): 2. 2013. Sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#2.8.1Cereus hirschtianus K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 130. 1897 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Nyctocereus hirschtianus (K.Schum.) Britton & Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 424. 1909 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Peniocereus hirschtianus (K.Schum.) D.R.Hunt in Bradleya 9: 90. 1991 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#2.8.2= Cereus neumannii K.Schum. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29(1): 99. 1900 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Nyctocereus neumannii (K.Schum. ex Loes.) Britton & Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 424. 1909 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#2.8.3= Nyctocereus guatemalensis Britton & Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: 240. 1913 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Cereus guatemalensis (Britton & Rose) Vaupel in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 86, 88. 1913 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Peniocereus guatemalensis (Britton & Rose) D.R.Hunt in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 21: 14. 2006 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Acc.#2.9.1 Acanthocereus macdougallii (Cutak) Lodé in Cact.-Avent. Int. 98(Suppl.): 2. 2013. Sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#2.9.1Peniocereus macdougallii Cutak in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 19: 87. 1947 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#2.9.2Peniocereus macdougallii var. centrispinus Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3843. 1962, nom. inval. syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Acc.#2.10.1 Acanthocereus maculatus Weing. ex Bravo in Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. Mexico 3: 398. 1933. Sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#2.10.1Cereus maculatus Weing. in Kakteenkunde: 14. 1933 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Acanthocereus maculatus (Weing.) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 303. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Peniocereus maculatus (Weing.) Cutak in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 23: 76. 1951 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Acc.#2.11.1 Acanthocereus oaxacensis (Britton & Rose) Lodé in Cact.-Avent. Int. 97: 2. 2012 ["2013"]. Sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#2.11.1Nyctocereus oaxacensis Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 120. 1920 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Peniocereus oaxacensis (Britton & Rose) D.R.Hunt in Bradleya 9: 90. 1991 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Acc.#2.12.1 Acanthocereus paradoxus P.González-Zamora & Dan. Sánchez in Phytotaxa 470(2): 146. 2020. Sec. González-Zamora & al. (2020)

Acc.#2.13.1 Acanthocereus rosei (J.G.Ortega) Lodé in Cact.-Avent. Int. 98(Suppl.): 3. 2013. Sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#2.13.1Peniocereus rosei J.G.Ortega in Revista Mex. Biol. 6: 189. 1926 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Acc.#2.14.1 Acanthocereus tepalcatepecanus (Sánchez-Mej.) Lodé in Cact.-Avent. Int. 98(Suppl.): 3. 2013. Sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#2.14.1Peniocereus tepalcatepecanus Sánchez-Mej. in Cact. Suc. Mex. 19: 14. 1974 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Acc.#2.15.1 Acanthocereus tetragonus (L.) Hummelinck in Succulenta (Netherlands) 20: 165. 1938. Sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#2.15.1Cactus tetragonus L., Sp. Pl.: 466. 1753 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Cereus tetragonus (L.) Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8: Cereus No. 2. 1768 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#2.15.2= Cactus pentagonus L., Sp. Pl.: 466. 1753 syn. sec. Hernández & Gómez-Hinostrosa (2011) Cereus pentagonus (L.) Haw., Syn. Pl. Succ.: 180. 1812 syn. sec. Hernández & Gómez-Hinostrosa (2011) Acanthocereus pentagonus (L.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 122. 1920 syn. sec. Hernández & Gómez-Hinostrosa (2011)

Syn.#2.15.3= ?Cactus pitajaya Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl.: 23. 1760 syn. sec. Anderson (2005) ≡ ?Cereus pitajaya (Jacq.) DC., Prodr. 3: 466. 1828 syn. sec. Anderson (2005) ≡ ?Acanthocereus pitajaya (Jacq.) Dugand ex Croizat in Caldasia 2: 135. 1943 syn. sec. Gómez-Hinostrosa (2006)

Syn.#2.15.4= Cactus prismaticus Willd., Enum. Pl., Suppl.: 32. 1814 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920) Cereus prismaticus (Willd.) Haw., Suppl. Pl. Succ.: 77. 1819 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920) Cereus prismaticus (Willd.) Haw. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 335. 1840 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#2.15.5= Cactus reptans Salm-Dyck ex DC., Prodr. 3: 468. 1828 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#2.15.6= Cereus tetragonus var. ramosior Link & Otto in Verh. Vereins Beförd. Gartenbaues Königl. Preuss. Staaten 6: 432. 1830 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#2.15.7= Cereus tetragonus var. minor Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck.: 337. 1834 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#2.15.8= Cereus acutangulus Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 107. 1837 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Acanthocereus acutangulus (Pfeiff.) A.Berger, Kakteen: 337, indice 124. 1929 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#2.15.9= Cereus baxaniensis Karw. ex Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 108. 1837 syn. sec. Hernández & Gómez-Hinostrosa (2011) Acanthocereus baxaniensis (Karw. ex Pfeiff.) Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 132. 1937 syn. sec. Hernández & Gómez-Hinostrosa (2011)

Syn.#2.15.10= Cereus princeps Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 108. 1837 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Acanthocereus princeps (Pfeiff.) Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 5. 1963 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#2.15.11= Cereus ramosus Karw. ex Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 108. 1837 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#2.15.12= Cereus undulatus Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 107. 1837 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#2.15.13= Cereus tetragonus var. major Salm-Dyck ex Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 2: 277. 1843 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#2.15.14= Cereus pentagonus C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk.: 389. 1846 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#2.15.15= Cereus nitidus Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 211. 1850 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#2.15.16= Cereus variabilis Engelm., Descr. Cactaceae: 40. 1856 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#2.15.17= Cereus vasmerii Young, Fl. Texas: 276. 1873 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#2.15.18= Cereus babosus F.A.C.Weber in Schumann, Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 84. 1897 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#2.15.19= Cereus dussii K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 89. 1897 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#2.15.20= Cereus sirul F.A.C.Weber in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 11: 384. 1904 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#2.15.21= Acanthocereus colombianus Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 122. 1920 syn. sec. Hernández & Gómez-Hinostrosa (2011)

Syn.#2.15.22= Acanthocereus horridus Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 122, fig. 181. 1920 syn. sec. Hernández & Gómez-Hinostrosa (2011)

Syn.#2.15.23= Acanthocereus occidentalis Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 125, fig. 185. 1920 syn. sec. Hernández & Gómez-Hinostrosa (2011)

Syn.#2.15.24= Acanthocereus subinermis Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 125. 1920 syn. sec. Hernández & Gómez-Hinostrosa (2011)

Syn.#2.15.25= Acanthocereus floridanus Small ex Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 276. 1923 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#2.15.26= Cereus horribilis A.Berger, Kakteen: 124, 338. 1929 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#2.15.27= Acanthocereus tetragonus var. micracanthus Dugand in Phytologia 13: 383. 1966 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#2.15.28Cereus reptans Haw. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 335. 1840, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Notes. – Hummelinck (1938: 170) designated as lectotype of Cereus tetragonus two samples collected by him in Curaçao [Hummelinck 196 (flower), 170 (fruit) U], but Hunt (1991: 82, 1998: 16) and Eggli (in Anderson 2005: 70) corrected its designation as neotype. However, this cannot be accepted according to the Art. 9.17. The designation of one of the specimens as neotype is currently in discussion (Hunt 2006).
Possible typification of Cactus pentagonus is not resolved (Hunt 1991: 83, Hunt 2006: 25). Eventual typification of Cereus baxaniensis is under discussion, since its identity and provenance is uncertain (Hunt 1998: 15, 2006: 25). [Korotkova & al. (2017)]; The name Acanthocereus pitajaya (Jacq.) Dugand was erroneously associated with Acanthocereus. According to Dugand (1966), in Jacquin´s original description the fruit has white pulp, which suggests that it is a Hylocereus sp. [Hernández & Gómez-Hinostrosa (2021)]

Acc.#3. Acharagma (N.P.Taylor) Glass, Guía Identific. Cact. Amenazadas México: Ac/Ag. 1997 ["1998"]. Sec. Vázquez-Sánchez & al. (2013) Type: Acharagma roseanum (Boed.) E.F.Anderson

Syn.#3.g1Escobaria sect. Acharagma N.P.Taylor in Kakteen And. Sukk. 34: 185. 1983 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Notes. – Acharagma includes only two species that were found well-supported as sister to each other by Vázquez-Sánchez & al. (2013). [Hernández-Ledesma & al. (2015)]

Acc.#3.1.1 Acharagma aguirreanum (Glass & R.A.Foster) Glass, Guía Identific. Cact. Amenazadas México: Ac/ag. 1997 ["1998"]. Sec. Hernández & Gómez-Hinostrosa (2011)

Syn.#3.1.1Gymnocactus aguirreanus Glass & R.A.Foster in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 44(2): 80. 1972 syn. sec. Hernández & Gómez-Hinostrosa (2011) Thelocactus aguirreanus (Glass & R.A.Foster) Bravo in Cact. Suc. Mex. 25: 65. 1980 syn. sec. Hernández & Gómez-Hinostrosa (2011) Escobaria aguirreana (Glass & R.A.Foster) N.P.Taylor in Kakteen And. Sukk. 34: 185. 1983 syn. sec. Hernández & Gómez-Hinostrosa (2011)

Acc.#3.2.1 Acharagma roseanum (Boed.) E.F.Anderson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 71(6): 323. 1999. Sec. Hernández & GómezHinostrosa (2011)

Syn.#3.2.1Echinocactus roseanus Boed. in Z. Sukkulentenk.: 363. 1928 syn. sec. Hernández & Gómez-Hinostrosa (2011) Neolloydia roseana (Boed.) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 368. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Hernández & Gómez-Hinostrosa (2011) Thelocactus roseanus (Boed.) Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 282. 1937 syn. sec. Hernández & Gómez-Hinostrosa (2011) Escobaria roseana (Boed.) Buxb. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 98: 79. 1951 syn. sec. Hernández & Gómez-Hinostrosa (2011) Coryphantha roseana (Boed.) Moran in Gentes Herbarum 8: 318. 1953 syn. sec. Hernández & Gómez-Hinostrosa (2011) Gymnocactus roseanus (Boed.) Glass & R.A.Foster in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 42: 234. 1970 syn. sec. Hernández & Gómez-Hinostrosa (2011)

Acc.#3.3.1 Acharagma roseanum subsp. galeanensis (Haugg) D.R.Hunt in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 14: 7. 2002. Sec. Hernández & GómezHinostrosa (2011)

Syn.#3.3.1Escobaria roseana subsp. galeanensis Haugg in Kakteen And. Sukk. 46: 76. 1995 syn. sec. Hernández & Gómez-Hinostrosa (2011)

Syn.#3.3.2= Acharagma huasteca Elhart in CactusWorld 29: 105. 2011 syn. sec. Hernández & Gómez-Hinostrosa (2011)

Acc.#3.4.1 Acharagma roseanum subsp. roseanum. Sec. Hernández & Gómez-Hinostrosa (2011)

Acc.#4. Airampoa Frič, Akklim. Versuchs-Gart.: 1. 1933. Sec. Doweld (2002) Type: Airampoa aurata Frič

Syn.#4.g1= Tunilla D.R.Hunt & Iliff in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 9: 10. 2000, nom. superfl. syn. sec. Doweld (2002). Type: Tunilla soehrensii (Britton & Rose) D.R.Hunt & Iliff

Notes. – Phylogenetics: The genus has not been adequately studied and only three species have been included in molecular phylogenetic analyses. Bárcenas & al. (2011) sampled Tunilla erectoclada and found it resolved outside the core Opuntia clade. Griffith & Porter (2009) sampled T. corrugata and T. longispina and found them well supported in a clade sister to accessions of Maihueniopsis ovata (Pfeiff.) F.Ritter that were misidentified - and are currently labeled as T. corrugata (see https://livingcollections.org/dbg/Accession/593836) – and Miqueliopuntia miquelii (Monv.) F.Ritter. Majure & al. (2012) sampled part of the same accessions of Griffith & Porter (2009) plus others of T. corrugata, and found it again supported out of Ł Opuntia s.str. Köhler et al. (2020), using chloroplast genome sequences, resolved T. corrugata as sister to Salmonopuntia + Miqueliopuntia. Majure et al. (in prep. 2021), sampling four species of Tunilla, strongly supported them in a clade sister to Miqueliopuntia. Further molecular studies, including more Airampoa species, must be conducted to assert its monophyly and species delimitation. [Köhler (2021)]; Nomenclature: The generic name Tunilla has been used in the literature until recently. It was published by Hunt & Iliff (2000) to replace the untypified earlier name Airampoa Frič. That step has to be regarded as superfluous, because Airampoa Frič was validly published with a brief German description presented in two rare trade catalogues (Frič 1929; 1933). This satisfied all the rules of valid publication of a genus name; no Latin diagnosis was required prior to 1Later, a Frič illustration and specimens in the Frič herbarium currently housed at PR (Guiggi 2007, cf. Figs 1, 2, 3) could further clarify the concept of Frič’s genus Airampoa. Doweld (2002) provided a neotype for Airampoa aurata based on Frič’s material in PR as well as the necessary combinations and typifications for 16 species he included in the genus. [Korotkova (2021)]

Acc.#4.1.1 Airampoa albisaetacens (Backeb.) Doweld in Turczaninowia 5: 28. 2002. Sec. Doweld (2002)

Syn.#4.1.1Opuntia albisaetacens Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 127, 411. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Doweld (2002) Platyopuntia albisaetacens (Backeb.) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 501. 1980 syn. sec. Doweld (2002) Tunilla albisaetacens (Backeb.) D.R.Hunt & Iliff in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 9: 10. 2000 syn. sec. Doweld (2002)

Syn.#4.1.2= Opuntia albisaetacens var. robustior Backeb. in Cactus (Paris) 75: 32. 1962 syn. sec. Doweld (2002)

Acc.#4.2.1 Airampoa armata (Backeb.) Doweld in Turczaninowia 5: 28. 2002. Sec. Doweld (2002)

Syn.#4.2.1Opuntia armata Backeb. in Cactus (Paris) 38: 250. 1953 syn. sec. Doweld (2002)

Acc.#4.3.1 Airampoa ayrampo (Azara) Doweld in Turczaninowia 5: 28. 2002. Sec. Doweld (2002)

Syn.#4.3.1Cactus ayrampo Azara, Voy. Amér. Mér. 2: 526. 1809 syn. sec. Doweld (2002) Opuntia ayrampo (Azara) Mottram in Tephrocactus Study Group 10: 10. 2004 syn. sec. Doweld (2002)

Syn.#4.3.2= Opuntia haenquiana Herrera in Rev. Univ. Cuzco 8: 60. 1919 syn. sec. Doweld (2002)

Syn.#4.3.3= Opuntia soehrensii Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 1: 134-135. 1919 syn. sec. Doweld (2002) Platyopuntia soehrensii (Britton & Rose) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 411. 1980 syn. sec. Doweld (2002) Tunilla soehrensii (Britton & Rose) D.R.Hunt & Iliff in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 9: 11. 2000 syn. sec. Doweld (2002) Tephrocactus soehrensii (Britton & Rose) G.D.Rowley in Tephrocactus Study Group 12(3): 46. 2006 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Airampoa soehrensii (Britton & Rose) Lodé, Int. Cact. Advent. 111-112: 67. 2016

Syn.#4.3.4= Opuntia poecilacantha Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 6. 1962 syn. sec. Doweld (2002)

Syn.#4.3.5= Platyopuntia soehrensii var. grandiflora F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 501. 1980 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#4.3.6= Platyopuntia soehrensii var. transiens F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 888. 1980 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#4.4.1 Airampoa boliviensis (Backeb.) Doweld in Turczaninowia 5: 29. 2002. Sec. Doweld (2002)

Syn.#4.4.1Opuntia boliviensis Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 128, 411. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Doweld (2002)

Acc.#4.5.1 Airampoa cedergreniana (Backeb.) Doweld in Turczaninowia 5: 29. 2002. Sec. Doweld (2002)

Syn.#4.5.1Opuntia cedergreniana Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 411. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Doweld (2002)

Acc.#4.6.1 Airampoa chilensis (F.Ritter) Doweld in Turczaninowia 5: 29. 2002. Sec. Doweld (2002)

Syn.#4.6.1Platyopuntia chilensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 889. 1980 syn. sec. Doweld (2002) Tunilla chilensis (F.Ritter) D.R.Hunt & Iliff in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 9: 10. 2000 syn. sec. Doweld (2002)

Syn.#4.6.2= Opuntia alcerrecensis Iliff in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 2: 9. 1997 syn. sec. Doweld (2002)

Acc.#4.7.1 Airampoa corrugata (Salm-Dyck) Doweld in Turczaninowia 5: 29. 2002. Sec. Doweld (2002)

Syn.#4.7.1Opuntia corrugata Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck.: 360. 1834 Opuntia corrugata Hort.Angl. ex Otto in Allg. Gartenzeitung 1: 367. 1833 Cactus corrugatus (Salm-Dyck) Lem., Cactées: 88. 1868 Tephrocactus corrugatus (Salm-Dyck) Kreuz., Verzeichnis Amer. Sukk. Rev. Syst. Kakteen: 41. 1935 Tephrocactus corrugatus (Salm-Dyck) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 113. 1936 ["1935"] Opuntia corrugata (Salm-Dyck) Backeb. in Cactus (Paris) 38: 250. 1953 Opuntia longispina var. corrugata (Salm-Dyck) Backeb. in Cactus (Paris) 38: 250. 1953

Syn.#4.7.2= Opuntia longispina Haw. in Philos. Mag. Ann. Chem. 7: 111. 1830 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#4.7.3= Opuntia eburnea Lem., Cact. Aliq. Nov.: 35. 1838 syn. sec. Doweld (2002)

Syn.#4.7.4= Opuntia parmentieri Pfeiff. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 6: 276. 1838 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#4.7.5= Opuntia retrospinosa Lem., Cact. Aliq. Nov.: 35. 1838 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#4.7.6= Echinocactus corrugatus (Gillies ex Loudon) Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 536. 1840 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922) Platyopuntia corrugata (Gillies ex Loudon) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 410. 1980, nom. illeg. syn. sec. Doweld (2002) Tunilla corrugata (Gillies ex Loudon) D.R.Hunt & Iliff in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 9: 10. 2000 syn. sec. Doweld (2002) Cactus corrugatus Gillies ex Loudon, Hort. Brit.: 194. 1830, nom. nud. syn. sec. Hunt & Iliff (2000)

Syn.#4.7.7= Opuntia corrugata var. monvillei Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 72. 1850 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#4.7.8= Opuntia eborina C.F.Först. ex Haage, Verz. Cact.: 29. 1864 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#4.7.9= Tephrocactus retrospinosus Lem., Cactées: 88. 1868 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Tephrocactus retrospinosus Lem. ex C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 911. 1885 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Tephrocactus retrospinus Lem. ex C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 911. 1885 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#4.7.10= Opuntia aulacothele F.A.C.Weber in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 10: 392. 1904 syn. sec. Doweld (2002)

Syn.#4.7.11= Opuntia corrugata var. brevispina Backeb. in Cactus (Paris) 38: 250. 1953 syn. sec. Doweld (2002) Opuntia corrugata subsp. brevispina (Backeb.) Mottram in Tephrocactus Study Group 10: 56. 2004

Syn.#4.7.12= Opuntia corrugata var. flavidispina Backeb. in Cactus (Paris) 38: 250. 1953 syn. sec. Doweld (2002)

Syn.#4.7.13= Opuntia corrugata var. intermedia Backeb. in Cactus (Paris) 38: 250. 1953 syn. sec. Doweld (2002)

Syn.#4.7.14= Opuntia longispina var. brevispina Backeb. in Cactus (Paris) 38: 250. 1953 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#4.7.15= Opuntia longispina var. flavidispina Backeb. in Cactus (Paris) 38: 250. 1953 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#4.7.16= Opuntia longispina var. intermedia Backeb. in Cactus (Paris) 38: 250. 1953 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#4.7.17= Opuntia longispina var. agglomerata Backeb. in Cactus (Paris) 75: 32. 1962 syn. sec. Doweld (2002)

Acc.#4.8.1 Airampoa erectoclada (Backeb.) Doweld in Turczaninowia 5: 29. 2002. Sec. Doweld (2002)

Syn.#4.8.1Opuntia erectoclada Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 128, 411. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Doweld (2002) Tunilla erectoclada (Backeb.) D.R.Hunt & Iliff in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 9: 10. 2000 syn. sec. Doweld (2002) Tephrocactus erectocladus (Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Tephrocactus Study Group 12(3): 46. 2006 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#4.8.2= Opuntia multiareolata Backeb. in Cactus (Paris) 75: 32. 1962 syn. sec. Doweld (2002)

Acc.#4.9.1 Airampoa ianthinantha (F.Ritter) Doweld in Turczaninowia 5: 29. 2002. Sec. Doweld (2002)

Syn.#4.9.1Platyopuntia ianthinantha F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 413. 1980 syn. sec. Doweld (2002) Opuntia ianthinantha (F.Ritter) Iliff in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 2: 8. 1997 syn. sec. Doweld (2002) Tunilla ianthinantha (F.Ritter) D.R.Hunt & Iliff in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 9: 10. 2000 syn. sec. Doweld (2002)

Acc.#4.10.1 Airampoa microdisca (F.A.C.Weber) Doweld in Turczaninowia 5: 29. 2002. Sec. Doweld (2002)

Syn.#4.10.1Opuntia microdisca F.A.C.Weber in Bois, Dict. Hort.: 896. 1898 syn. sec. Doweld (2002) Platyopuntia microdisca (F.A.C.Weber) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 408. 1980 syn. sec. Doweld (2002) Tunilla microdisca (F.A.C.Weber) D.R.Hunt & Iliff in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 9: 11. 2000 syn. sec. Doweld (2002) Tephrocactus microdiscus (F.A.C.Weber) G.D.Rowley in Tephrocactus Study Group 12(3): 46. 2006 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#4.10.2= Opuntia calantha Griffiths in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: 524. 1916 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#4.10.3= Airampoa aurata Frič, Neue Kakt. Sudamer. Hochgeb.: 1. 1929 syn. sec. Doweld (2002)

Syn.#4.10.4= Opuntia laetevirens Backeb. in Cactus (Paris) 75: 32. 1962 syn. sec. Doweld (2002)

Acc.#4.11.1 Airampoa minuscula (Backeb.) Doweld in Turczaninowia 5: 30. 2002. Sec. Doweld (2002)

Syn.#4.11.1Tephrocactus minusculus Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 109, 410. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Doweld (2002) Opuntia minuscula (Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13: 6. 1958 syn. sec. Doweld (2002) Tunilla minuscula (Backeb.) D.R.Hunt & Iliff in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 9: 11. 2000 syn. sec. Doweld (2002)

Acc.#4.12.1 Airampoa orurensis (Cárdenas) Doweld in Turczaninowia 5: 30. 2002. Sec. Doweld (2002)

Syn.#4.12.1Opuntia orurensis Cárdenas in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 28: 112, f. 75–76. 1956 syn. sec. Doweld (2002) Platyopuntia orurensis (Cárdenas) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 502. 1980 syn. sec. Doweld (2002) Tunilla orurensis (Cárdenas) D.R.Hunt & Iliff in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 9: 11. 2000 syn. sec. Doweld (2002)

Acc.#4.13.1 Airampoa panellana (Backeb.) Doweld in Turczaninowia 5: 30. 2002. Sec. Doweld (2002)

Syn.#4.13.1Opuntia armata var. panellana Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 9. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Doweld (2002) Opuntia panellana (Backeb.) Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3619. 1962 syn. sec. Doweld (2002)

Acc.#4.14.1 Airampoa picardoi (Marn.-Lap.) Doweld in Turczaninowia 5: 30. 2002. Sec. Doweld (2002)

Syn.#4.14.1Opuntia picardoi Marn.-Lap. in Cactus (Paris) 66: 4. 1960 syn. sec. Doweld (2002) Tunilla picardoi (Marn.-Lap.) D.R.Hunt & Iliff in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 9: 11. 2000 syn. sec. Doweld (2002)

Syn.#4.14.2= Opuntia obliqua Backeb. in Cactus (Paris) 75: 32. 1962 syn. sec. Doweld (2002)

Syn.#4.14.3= Tunilla picardoi Marn.-Lap. ex Guiggi & Delanoy in Haseltonia 12: 13. 2007 ["2006"] syn. sec. Doweld (2002)

Acc.#4.15.1 Airampoa silvestris (Backeb.) Doweld in Turczaninowia 5: 30. 2002. Sec. Doweld (2002)

Syn.#4.15.1Opuntia silvestris Backeb. in Cact. J. (Croydon) 1: 7. 1932 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Tephrocactus silvestris (Backeb.) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 109, 410. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Opuntia minuscula var. silvestris (Backeb.) Krainz, Städtische Sukkulentensammlung Zürich, Kat. Kult. Stehenden Art., ed. 2: 95. 1967 syn. sec. Doweld (2002) Tunilla silvestris (Backeb.) D.R.Hunt & Iliff in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 9: 11. 2000 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#4.16.1 Airampoa tilcarensis (Backeb.) Doweld in Turczaninowia 5: 30. 2002. Sec. Doweld (2002)

Syn.#4.16.1Opuntia tilcarensis Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 128, 411. 1936 ["1935"] Platyopuntia soehrensii var. tilcarensis (Backeb.) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 412. 1980 Tunilla tilcarensis (Backeb.) D.R.Hunt & Iliff in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 9: 11. 2000 Tephrocactus tilcarensis (Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Tephrocactus Study Group 12(3): 46. 2006

Syn.#4.16.2= Opuntia tilcarensis var. rubellispina Backeb. in Cactus (Paris) 75: 32. 1962 syn. sec. Doweld (2002)

Acc.#5. Aporocactus Lem., Ill. Hort. Misc. 7: 67. 1860. Sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Type: Aporocactus flagelliformis (L.) Lem.

Notes. – Used to be included in Disocactus Lindl. in recent treatments (Barthlott 1991; Barthlott & Hunt 1993; Kimnach 1993). Cruz & al. (2016), in their phylogenetic study of Disocactus, found the two Aporocactus species to be not closely related to Disocactus but to form a separate well-supported lineage within Hylocereeae. Therefore, Aporocactus was reinstated. Two species are recognized in recent taxonomic treatments, however there are doubts about the identity of some published names (see below). Consequently, an approximation is required in the delimitation of species. [Arias (2021)]

Acc.#5.1.1 Aporocactus flagelliformis (L.) Lem., Ill. Hort. Misc. 7: 67. 1860. Sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#5.1.1Cactus flagelliformis L., Sp. Pl.: 467. 1753 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Cereus flagelliformis (L.) Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8: Cereus No. 12. 1768 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Disocactus flagelliformis (L.) Barthlott in Bradleya 9: 87. 1991 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#5.1.2= Cereus leptophis DC. in Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 117. 1828 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Cereus flagelliformis var. leptophis (DC.) K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 143. 1897 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Aporocactus leptophis (DC.) Britton & Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 435. 1909 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Aporocactus flagelliformis var. leptophis (DC.) P.V.Heath in Calyx 2: 60. 1992 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#5.1.3= Cereus flagelliformis var. minor Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck.: 64. 1834 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#5.1.4= Cereus flagelliformis var. minor Salm-Dyck ex Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 111. 1837 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#5.1.5= Cereus flagriformis Zucc. ex Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 111. 1837 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Aporocactus flagriformis (Zucc. ex Pfeiff.) Lem., Cactées: 58. 1868 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Aporocactus flagriformis (Zucc. ex Pfeiff.) Britton & Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 435. 1909 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Disocactus flagriformis (Zucc. ex Pfeiff.) Scheinvar, Fl. Cactológ. Est. Querétaro: 156. 2004 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Discocactus flagriformis (Zucc. ex Pfeiff.) Scheinvar, Fl. Cactológ. Est. Querétaro: 156. 2004 syn. sec. TPL (2013) [is misspelling for Disocactus flagriformis (Zucc. ex Pfeiff.) Scheinvar]

Syn.#5.1.6= Cereus minor Weing. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 18: 49. 1908 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#5.1.7= Aporocactus flagelliformis var. pfeifferi P.V.Heath in Calyx 2: 60. 1992 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Acc.#5.2.1 Aporocactus martianus (Zucc.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 220. 1920. Sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#5.2.1Cereus martianus Zucc. in Flora 15(2), Beibl: 66. 1832 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Eriocereus martianus (Zucc.) Riccob. in Boll. Reale Orto Bot. Palermo 8: 240. 1909 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Disocactus martianus (Zucc.) Barthlott in Bradleya 9: 88. 1991 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#5.2.2= Cereus martianus Zucc. ex Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 110. 1837 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#5.2.3= Aporocactus conzattii Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 220. 1920 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Cereus conzattii (Britton & Rose) A.Berger, Kakteen: 110. 1929 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Aporocactus martianus var. conzattii (Britton & Rose) P.V.Heath in Calyx 2: 60. 1992 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Acc.#5.3.1 Aporocactus ×moennighoffii (D.F.Fisch.) Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 171. 1937

Syn.#5.3.1Cereus moennighoffii D.F.Fisch. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 15: 143. 1905 Aporocactus moennighoffii (D.F.Fisch.) Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 171. 1937 syn. sec. TPL (2013) Cereus moennighoffi D.F.Fisch. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 15: 143. 1905 [is misspelling for Cereus moennighoffii D.F.Fisch.]

Notes. – Aporocactus martianus Britton & Rose × Aporocactus flagelliformis Lem. [Arias (2021)]

Acc.#6. Ariocarpus Scheidw. in Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 5: 491. 1838. Sec. Vázquez-Sánchez & al. (2013) Type: Ariocarpus retusus Scheidw.

Syn.#6.g1= Anhalonium Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 1. 1839 syn. sec. Tropicos. Type: Anhalonium prismaticum Lem.

Syn.#6.0.2= Stromatocactus Karw. ex Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 229. 1885 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019). Type: Stromatocactus kotschoubeyi Karw. ex Rümpler – Stromatocarpus, nom. inval. syn. sec. Berendsohn

Syn.#6.0.3= Neogomesia Castañeda in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 13: 98. 1941 syn. sec. Hunt (2006). Type: Neogomesia agavoides Castañeda

Syn.#6.0.4= Roseocactus A.Berger in J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 45 syn. sec. Hunt (2006). Type: Roseocactus fissuratus (Engelm.) A.Berger

Notes. – Phylogenetics: The monophyly of Ariocarpus was repeatedly confirmed (Butterworth & al. 2002; Bárcenas & al. 2011; Hérnandez-Hérnandez & al. 2011; Vázquez-Sánchez & al. 2013). [Hernández-Ledesma & al. (2015)]

Acc.#6.1.1 Ariocarpus agavoides (Castañeda) E.F.Anderson in Amer. J. Bot. 49: 615. 1962. Sec. Hernández & Gómez-Hinostrosa (2011)

Syn.#6.1.1Neogomesia agavoides Castañeda in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 13: 99. 1941 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus subsp. agavoides (Castañeda) Halda in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 5: 35. 1998 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#6.1.2= Ariocarpus agavoides subsp. pulcher Halda & Horáček in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 10: 149. 2003 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#6.1.3= Ariocarpus agavoides subsp. sanluisensis Sotom., Arred., Sánchez Barra & Mart.Mend. in Brit. Cact. Succ. J. 21: 100. 2003 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#6.2.1 Ariocarpus bravoanus H.M.Hern. & E.F.Anderson in Bradleya 10: 1. 1992. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#6.2.1Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus subsp. bravoanus (H.M.Hern. & E.F.Anderson) Halda in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 5: 35. 1998 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Ariocarpus fissuratus subsp. bravoanus (H.M.Hern. & E.F.Anderson) Lüthy in Kakteen And. Sukk. 50: 278. 1999 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#6.3.1 Ariocarpus bravoanus subsp. bravoanus. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#6.4.1 Ariocarpus bravoanus subsp. hintonii (Stuppy & N.P.Taylor) E.F.Anderson & W.A.Fitz Maur. in Haseltonia 5: 11. 1998. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#6.4.1Ariocarpus fissuratus var. hintonii Stuppy & N.P.Taylor in Bradleya 7: 84. 1989 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Ariocarpus fissuratus subsp. hintonii (Stuppy & N.P.Taylor) Halda in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 5: 36. 1998 syn. sec. Tropicos

Acc.#6.5.1 Ariocarpus ×drabi Halda & Sladk. in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 7: 33. 2000. Sec. WFO 2019

Acc.#6.6.1 Ariocarpus ×dubeniorum Halda & Malina in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 9(1): 52. 2002. Sec. WFO 2019

Acc.#6.7.1 Ariocarpus fissuratus (Engelm.) K.Schum. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(6a): 195. 1894. Sec. Hernández & Gómez-Hinostrosa (2011)

Syn.#6.7.1Mammillaria fissurata Engelm., Syn. Cact. U. S.: 14. 1856 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Anhalonium fissuratum (Engelm.) Engelm., Descr. Cact.: 75. 1856 Roseocactus fissuratus (Engelm.) A.Berger in J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15(3): 46. 1925 syn. sec. Tropicos Ariocarpus fissuratus subsp. fissuratus Ariocarpus fissuratus var. fissuratus

Syn.#6.7.2= Anhalonium engelmannii Lem., Cactées: 42. 1868 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#6.7.3= Ariocarpus lloydii Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 13: 308. 1911 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Roseocactus lloydii (Rose) A.Berger in J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15(3): 43. 1925 syn. sec. Tropicos Ariocarpus fissuratus var. lloydii (Rose) W.T.Marshall in Marshall & Bock, Cactaceae: 135. 1941 syn. sec. Tropicos Ariocarpus fissuratus subsp. lloydii (Rose) U.Guzmán in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 16. 2003 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#6.7.4= Ariocarpus lloydii var. mayor Frič in Život v Přír. 29(1): 15. 1925 syn. sec. Vázquez-Sánchez & al. (2013)

Syn.#6.7.5= Roseocactus intermedius Backeb. & Kilian in Kakteen And. Sukk. 11: 149. 1960 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#6.7.6= Ariocarpus fissuratus subsp. pailanus Halda in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 5(5): 184. 1998 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#6.7.7Roseocactus fissurams A.Berger in J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 46. 1925 syn. sec. TPL (2013) [is misspelling for Roseocactus fissuratus (Engelm.) A.Berger]

Acc.#6.8.1 Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus (Lem.) K.Schum., Nat. Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. 1: 259. 1897. Sec. Hernández & GómezHinostrosa (2011)

Syn.#6.8.1Anhalonium kotschoubeyanum Lem. in Cels Cat., Bull. Cercle Conf. Hort. Dép. Seine: [unpaged?]. 1842 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Roseocactus kotschoubeyanus (Lem.) A.Berger in J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15(3): 48. 1925 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#6.8.2= Cactus kotschoubeyi Karw., Hort. Universel 6: 63. 1845 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#6.8.3= Anhalonium kotchubeyi Lem. ex Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 5. 1850 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#6.8.4= Anhalonium sulcatum Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 5. 1850 syn. sec. Vázquez-Sánchez & al. (2013) Ariocarpus sulcatus (Salm-Dyck) K.Schum. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(6a): 195. 1894 syn. sec. Vázquez-Sánchez & al. (2013)

Syn.#6.8.5= Anhalonium fissipedum Monv. ex C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 232. 1885 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#6.8.6= Ariocarpus rotchubeyanus Cobbold in J. Hort. Home Farm. III. 46: 332. 1903 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#6.8.7= Ariocarpus macdowellii W.T.Marshall in Marshall & Bock, Cactaceae: 135. 1941 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Roseocactus kotschoubeyanus subsp. macdowellii Backeb. in Blätt. Sukkulentenk. 1: 8. 1949 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Roseocactus kotschoubeyanus var. macdowellii (Backeb.) Backeb., Cactaceae 5: 3075. 1961 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#6.8.8= Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus var. elephantidens Skarupke in Stachelpost 9: 33. 1973 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus subsp. elephantidens Halda in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 5: 185. 1998 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#6.8.9= Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus subsp. albiflorus (Backeb.) Glass, Guía Identific. Cact. Amenazadas México: Ar/ko ssp. albiflorus. 1997 ["1998"] syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus var. albiflorus Backeb. ex Glass syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Roseocactus kotschoubeyanus var. albiflorus Backeb. syn. sec. Anderson (1963)

Syn.#6.8.10= Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus subsp. sladkovskyi Halda & Horáček in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 5: 185. 1998 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#6.8.11= Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus subsp. tulensis Halda in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 5: 35. 1998 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#6.8.12= Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus subsp. neotulensis Halda in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 9: 51. 2002 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#6.8.13= Ariocarpus kotschoubeyanus subsp. skarupkeanus Halda & Horáček in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 9: 3. 2002 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#6.8.14Stromatocactus kotschoubeyi Karw. ex Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 232. 1885, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#6.8.15Stromatocarpus kotschoubeyi Karw. ex Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 232. 1885, nom. inval. syn. sec. IPNI: 20 mar 2021

Acc.#6.9.1 Ariocarpus ×nelissae Halda & Panar. in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 10: 150. 2003. Sec. WFO 2019

Acc.#6.10.1 Ariocarpus retusus Scheidw., Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 5: 492, t. 1. 1838. Sec. Hernández & Gómez-Hinostrosa (2011)

Syn.#6.10.1Anhalonium retusum (Scheidw.) Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1844: 15. 1845 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Ariocarpus retusus subsp. retusus

Syn.#6.10.2= Anhalonium prismaticum Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 1. 1839 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Mammillaria prismatica (Lem.) Hemsl. in Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot. 1(6): 519. 1880 syn. sec. Tropicos Cactus prismaticus (Lem.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891 syn. sec. Vázquez-Sánchez & al. (2013) Ariocarpus prismaticus (Lem.) Cobbold in J. Hort. Home Farm. III. 46: 332. 1903 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#6.10.3= Anhalonium elongatum Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1844: 15. 1845 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Ariocarpus elongatus (Salm-Dyck) Wettstein in Kakteenkunde 1933: 13. 1933 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Ariocarpus elongatus (Salm-Dyck) M.Lee in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 9: 71. 1937 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Ariocarpus trigonus var. elongatus (Salm-Dyck) Backeb., Cactaceae 5: 3087. 1961 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#6.10.4= Mammillaria procera Ehrenb. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 17: 241. 1849 syn. sec. Tropicos Cactus procerus (Ehrenb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#6.10.5= Anhalonium areolosum Lem. in Ill. Hort. 6(Misc.): 35. 1859 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mammillaria areolosa (Lem.) Hemsl. in Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot. 1(6): 503. 1880 syn. sec. Tropicos Cactus areolosus (Lehm.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#6.10.6= Anhalonium pulvilligerum Lem. in Ill. Hort. 16(Misc.): 72. 1869 syn. sec. Vázquez-Sánchez & al. (2013) Ariocarpus pulvilligeris (Lem.) K.Schum. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 24(5): 550. 1898 syn. sec. Vázquez-Sánchez & al. (2013)

Syn.#6.10.7= Mammillaria pulvilligera Monv. ex Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 231. 1885 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#6.10.8= Mammillaria furfuracea S.Watson in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 25: 150. 1890 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Anhalonium furfuraceum (S.Watson) J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 130. 1894 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Ariocarpus furfuraceus (S.Watson) H.S.Thomps. in Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 9: 130. 1898 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Ariocarpus retusus var. furfuraceus (S.Watson) G.Frank in Krainz, Kakteen 63: CVIIIb. 1975 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#6.10.9= Mammillaria purpuracea S.Watson in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 25: 150. 1890 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#6.10.10= Ariocarpus furfuraceus f. cristata Frič in Život v Přír. 29(4): 14. 1925 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#6.10.11= Ariocarpus prismaticus var. maior Frič in Život v Přír. 29: 9. 1925 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#6.10.12= Ariocarpus prismaticus var. minor Frič in Život v Přír. 29: 9. 1925 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#6.10.13= Ariocarpus furfuraceus var. rostratus A.Berger, Kakteen: 334. 1929 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#6.10.14= Ariocarpus confusus Halda & Horáček in Cactaceae etc. 7: 1. 1997 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Ariocarpus retusus subsp. confusus (Halda & Horáček) Lüthy in Kakteen And. Sukk. 50: 278. 1999 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#6.10.15= Ariocarpus retusus subsp. scapharostroides Halda & Horáček in Cactaceae etc. 7: 97. 1997 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#6.10.16= Ariocarpus retusus subsp. horacekii Halda & Panar. in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 5: 163. 1998 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#6.10.17= Ariocarpus retusus subsp. jarmilae Halda, Horáček & Panar. in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 5: 162. 1998 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#6.10.18= Ariocarpus retusus subsp. panarottoi Halda & Horáček in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 5: 163. 1998 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#6.10.19= Ariocarpus retusus subsp. sladkovskyi Halda & Kupčák in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 7: 33. 2000 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#6.10.20Ariocarpus retusus subsp. pectinatus Weisbarth in Kakteen And. Sukk. 54: 291. 2003, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#6.11.1 Ariocarpus scaphirostris Boed. in Monatsschr. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 2: 60. 1930. Sec. Hernández & Gómez-Hinostrosa (2011)

Syn.#6.11.1Ariocarpus scapharostris Boed. in Monatsschr. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 2: 60. 1930 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) [is misspelling for Ariocarpus scaphirostris Boed.]

Syn.#6.11.2= Ariocarpus scaphirostris var. swobodae Halda, Horáček & Panar. in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 5: 163. 1998 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#6.12.1 Ariocarpus trigonus (F.A.C.Weber) K.Schum. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 24(5): 550. 1898. Sec. Hernández & Gómez-Hinostrosa (2011)

Syn.#6.12.1Anhalonium trigonum F.A.C.Weber in Bois, Dict. Hort.: 90. 1893 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Ariocarpus retusus subsp. trigonus (F.A.C.Weber) E.F.Anderson & W.A.Fitz Maur. in Haseltonia 5: 18. 1998 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#6.12.2= Ariocarpus trigonus var. minor Voldan in Kaktusy (Brno) 12: 3. 1976 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#6.12.3= Ariocarpus trigonus var. horacekii Halda in Cactaceae etc. 7: 97. 1997 syn. sec. Tropicos Ariocarpus elongatus subsp. horacekii (Halda) Halda in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 5: 36. 1998 syn. sec. Tropicos

Acc.#7. Armatocereus Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1938(6): 21. 1938. Sec. Hunt (2006) Type: Armatocereus laetus (Kunth) Backeb.

Acc.#7.1.1 Armatocereus cartwrightianus (Britton & Rose) Backeb. ex A.W.Hill, Index Kew.: 25. 1938. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#7.1.1Lemaireocereus cartwrightianus Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 100, f. 147–148. 1920 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Cereus cartwrightianus (Britton & Rose) Werderm. in Backeberg, Neue Kakteen: 77. 1931 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Armatocereus cartwrightianus Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 176. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#7.1.2= Armatocereus cartwrightianus var. longispinus Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 14. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#7.1.3= Armatocereus mocupensis H.Johnson syn. sec. Tropicos

Acc.#7.2.1 Armatocereus godingianus (Britton & Rose) Backeb. ex E.Salisb., Index Kew.: 20. 1947. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#7.2.1Lemaireocereus godingianus Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 91–92, f. 134. 1920 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Armatocereus godingianus (Britton & Rose) Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1938(3): 3. 1938 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#7.3.1 Armatocereus godingianus subsp. brevispinus (Madsen) D.R.Hunt in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 14: 9. 2002. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#7.3.1Armatocereus brevispinus Madsen, Fl. Ecuador 35: 9. 1989 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#7.4.1 Armatocereus godingianus subsp. godingianus. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#7.5.1 Armatocereus laetus (Kunth) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 176. 1936 ["1935"]. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#7.5.1Cactus laetus Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 6: 68. 1823 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Cereus laetus (Kunth) DC., Prodr. 3: 466. 1828 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Lemaireocereus laetus (Kunth) Britton & Rose in J. New York Bot. Gard. 20: 157. 1919 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Armatocereus laetus (Kunth) Backeb. ex A.W.Hill, Index Kew. 25. 1991 syn. sec. Tropicos: 19 aug 2020

Syn.#7.5.2= Armatocereus jungo Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1935(1): 7. 1935 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#7.5.3= Armatocereus oligogonus Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 13. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Armatocereus ghiesbreghtii var. oligogonus (Rauh & Backeb.) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1275. 1981 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#7.5.4= Armatocereus neolaetus Y.Itô, Cactaceae: 174. 1981 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Acc.#7.6.1 Armatocereus matucanensis Backeb. ex A.W.Hill in Index Kew.: 25. 1938. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#7.6.1Lemaireocereus matucanensis (Backeb.) W.T.Marshall, Cact. Ill. Keys: 82. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Armatocereus matucanensis Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 176. 1936 ["1935"], nom. inval. syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#7.6.2= Armatocereus arboreus Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 13. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#7.6.3= Armatocereus churinensis Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 13. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#7.6.4= Armatocereus mataranus F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 46: 23. 1967 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#7.6.5= Armatocereus mataranus var. ancashensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1276. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Armatocereus mataranus subsp. ancashensis (F.Ritter) Ostolaza in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 6: 8. 1998 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#7.6.6= Armatocereus rupicola F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1278. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#7.7.1 Armatocereus procerus Rauh & Backeb. in Cactus (Paris) 51: 95. 1956. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#7.7.1Armatocereus procerus Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 13. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#7.7.2= Armatocereus confusus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1276. 1981 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#7.7.3= Armatocereus procerus var. armatus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1277. 1981 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#7.8.1 Armatocereus rauhii Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 13. 1957 ["1956"]. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#7.8.2= Armatocereus maranionensis Krainz & F.Ritter syn. sec. WFO 2019

Acc.#7.9.1 Armatocereus rauhii subsp. balsasensis (F.Ritter) Ostolaza in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 6: 8. 1998. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#7.9.1Armatocereus balsasensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1271–1272. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Armatocereus rauhii var. balsasensis F.Ritter syn. sec. TPL (2013)

Syn.#7.9.2= Armatocereus arduus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1271. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#7.10.1 Armatocereus rauhii subsp. rauhii. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#7.11.1 Armatocereus riomajensis Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 13. 1957 ["1956"]. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#8. Arrojadoa Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 170. 1920. Sec. Hunt (2016) Type: Arrojadoa rhodantha (Gürke) Britton & Rose

Syn.#8.g1= Pierrebraunia Esteves in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 69: 296. 1997 syn. sec. Hunt (2006). Type: Pierrebraunia bahiensis (P.J.Braun & Esteves) Esteves

Syn.#8.0.1= Arrojadoopsis Guiggi in Cactology 1: 26. 2007 syn. sec. Hunt (2006). Type: Arrojadoopsis marylaniae (Soares Filho & M.Machado) Guiggi

Acc.#8.1.1 Arrojadoa ×albiflora Buining & Brederoo in Succulenta (Netherlands) 54: 22. 1975. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#8.2.1 Arrojadoa bahiensis (P.J.Braun & Esteves) N.P.Taylor & Eggli in Kew Bull. 49(1): 98. 1994 ["1993"]. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#8.2.1Floribunda bahiensis P.J.Braun & Esteves in Pabstia 4: 13. 1993 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Pierrebraunia bahiensis (P.J.Braun & Esteves) Esteves in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 69(6): 296. 1997 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#8.3.1 Arrojadoa dinae Buining & Brederoo in Kakteen And. Sukk. 24: 99–101. 1973. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#8.3.2= Arrojadoa beateae P.J.Braun & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 40: 254. 1989 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#8.3.3= Arrojadoa dinae var. nana P.J.Braun & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 42: 194. 1991 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Arrojadoa dinae subsp. nana (P.J.Braun & Esteves) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Succulenta (Netherlands) 74: 82. 1995 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#8.3.4= Arrojadoa heimenii Van Heek & W.Strecker in Kakteen And. Sukk. 50: 137. 1999 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#8.4.1 Arrojadoa dinae subsp. dinae. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#8.5.1 Arrojadoa dinae subsp. eriocaulis (Buining & Brederoo) N.P.Taylor & Zappi in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 7. 1997. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#8.5.1Arrojadoa eriocaulis Buining & Brederoo in Kakteen And. Sukk. 24(11): 241. 1973 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#8.5.2= Arrojadoa eriocaulis var. albicoronata Van Heek, R.J.Paul, Heimen, Hovens & W.Strecker in Kakteen And. Sukk. 33: 227. 1982 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Arrojadoa eriocaulis subsp. albicoronata (Van Heek, R.J.Paul, Heimen, Hovens & W.Strecker) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Succulenta (Netherlands) 74: 82. 1995 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Arrojadoa albicoronata (Van Heek, R.J.Paul, Heimen, Hovens & W.Strecker) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 79: 262. 2007 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#8.5.3= Arrojadoa eriocaulis var. rosenbergeriana Van Heek & W.Strecker in Kakteen And. Sukk. 44: 262. 1993 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Arrojadoa rosenbergeriana (Van Heek & W.Strecker) P.J.Braun, Esteves & Van Heek in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 79: 260. 2007 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#8.6.1 Arrojadoa marylaniae Soares Filho & M.Machado in Brit. Cact. Succ. J. 21: 114. 2003. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#8.6.1Arrojadoopsis marylaniae (Soares Filho & M.Machado) Guiggi in Cactology 1: 26. 2007 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#8.7.1 Arrojadoa multiflora F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 89. 1979. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#8.8.1 Arrojadoa penicillata (Gürke) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 171, f. 243. 1920. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#8.8.1Cereus penicillatus Gürke in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 18: 70. 1908 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Cephalocereus penicillatus (Gürke) Werderm., Bras. Säulenkakt.: 116. 1933 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#8.8.2= Arrojadoa penicillata var. decumbens Backeb. & Voll in Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 9: 164. 1950 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#8.8.3= Arrojadoa penicillata var. spinosior Buining & Brederoo in Succulentia 59: 20. 1980 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#8.9.1 Arrojadoa rhodantha (Gürke) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 170–171. 1920. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#8.9.1Cereus rhodanthus Gürke in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 18: 69. 1908 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Cephalocereus rhodanthus (Gürke) Werderm., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Sonderbeih. C: t. 44. 1932 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#8.9.2= Arrojadoa aureispina Buining & Brederoo in Kakteen And. Sukk. 23: 95. 1972 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Arrojadoa rhodantha subsp. aureispina (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Succulenta (Netherlands) 74: 81. 1995 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#8.9.3= Arrojadoa canudosensis Buining & Brederoo in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 44: 111. 1972 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Arrojadoa rhodantha subsp. canudosensis (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun in Bradleya 6: 90. 1988 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#8.9.4= Arrojadoa theunisseniana Buining & Brederoo in Krainz, Kakteen 52: CVb. 1973 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Arrojadoa rhodantha var. theunisseniana (Buinting & Brederoo) P.J.Braun in Bradleya 6: 90. 1988 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#8.9.5= Arrojadoa aureispina var. guanambensis P.J.Braun & Heimen in Kakteen And. Sukk. 31: 337. 1980 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Arrojadoa rhodantha var. guanambensis (P.J.Braun & Heimen) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Succulenta (Netherlands) 74: 81. 1995 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#8.9.6= Arrojadoa horstiana P.J.Braun & Heimen in Kakteen And. Sukk. 32(8): 189. 1981 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#8.9.7= Arrojadoa rhodantha subsp. reflexa P.J.Braun in Kakteen And. Sukk. 35: 38. 1983 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#8.9.8= Arrojadoa rhodantha var. occibahiensis P.J.Braun in Kakteen And. Sukk. 36: 115. 1985 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#8.9.9= Arrojadoa aureispina var. anguinea P.J.Braun & Esteves in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 60: 174. 1988 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Arrojadoa rhodantha var. anguinea (P.J.Braun & Esteves) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Succulenta (Netherlands) 74: 81. 1995 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#9. Arthrocereus A.Berger, Kakteen: 146, 337. 1929, nom. cons. Sec. Hunt (2016) Type: Cereus damazioi K.Schum.

Acc.#9.1.1 Arthrocereus glaziovii (K.Schum.) N.P.Taylor & Zappi in Bradleya 9: 85. 1991. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#9.1.1Cereus glaziovii K.Schum., Fl. Bras. 4(2): 200. 1890 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Leocereus glaziovii (K.Schum.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 109–110. 1920 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Trichocereus glaziovii (K.Schum.) Werderm., Bras. Säulenkakt.: 94. 1933 syn. sec. Tropicos Echinopsis glaziovii (K.Schum.) Molinari & Mayta in Succulentopi@ 14: 11. 2015 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#9.1.2= Trichocereus campos-portoi Werderm., Bras. Säulenkakt.: 94–95. 1933 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Arthrocereus campos-portoi (Werderm.) Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1935(4): 4. 1935 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#9.1.3= Trichocereus damazioi (K.Schum. ex Weing.) Werderm., Bras. Säulenkakt.: 94. 1933 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cereus damazioi K.Schum. ex Weing. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 21: 91. 1911 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Cereus damazioi K.Schum. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 13: 63. 1903, nom. nud. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Arthrocereus damazioi (K.Schum.) P.V.Heath in Calyx 2: 65. 1992, nom. inval. syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#9.1.4= Arthrocereus itabiriticola P.J.Braun in Kakteen And. Sukk. 37: 237. 1986 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#9.2.1 Arthrocereus melanurus (K.Schum.) Diers, P.J.Braun & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 38: 314. 1987. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#9.2.1Cereus melanurus K.Schum., Fl. Bras. 4(2): 200. 1890 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Leocereus melanurus (K.Schum.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 109, f. 162. 1920 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#9.2.2= Arthrocereus mello-barretoi Backeb. & Voll in Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 9: 157. 1949 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Arthrocereus melanurus subsp. mello-barretoi (Backeb. & Voll) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Succulenta (Netherlands) 74(2): 82. 1995 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#9.2.3= Arthrocereus melanurus var. estevesii Diers & P.J.Braun in Kakteen And. Sukk. 39: 105. 1988 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#9.2.4Arthrocereus melanurus subsp. estevesii (Diers & P.J.Braun) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Succulenta (Netherlands) 74: 82. 1995 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#9.3.1 Arthrocereus melanurus subsp. magnus N.P.Taylor & Zappi in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 7. 1997. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#9.4.1 Arthrocereus melanurus subsp. melanurus. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#9.5.1 Arthrocereus melanurus subsp. odorus (F.Ritter) N.P.Taylor & Zappi in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 7. 1997. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#9.5.1Arthrocereus odorus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 225. 1979 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#9.5.2= Cereus parvisetus Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 79. 1837 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Cleistocactus parvisetus (Pfeiff.) F.A.C.Weber in Roland-Gosselin, Cleistocactus: 18. 1904 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Acc.#9.6.1 Arthrocereus rondonianus Backeb. & Voll in Kakteenkunde 1943 (Lfg. 1): 62. 1943. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#9.7.1 Arthrocereus spinosissimus (Buining & Brederoo) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 244. 1979. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#9.7.1Eriocereus spinosissimus Buining & Brederoo in Kakteen And. Sukk. 28: 49. 1977 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#10. Astrophytum Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 3-6. 1839. Sec. Vázquez-Lobo & al. (2015) Type: Astrophytum myriostigma Lem.

Syn.#10.g1= Maierocactus E.C.Rost in Z. Sukkulentenk. 2(8): 138-142. 1925 syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Type: Maierocactus capricornis (A.Dietr.) E.C.Rost

Syn.#10.0.2Digitostigma Velazco & Nevárez in Cact. Suc. Mex. 47: 79. 2002, nom. inval. syn. sec. Vázquez-Lobo & al. (2015). Type: Digitostigma caput-medusae Velazco & Nevárez

Notes. – Phylogenetics: Confirmed as monophyletic, including Digitostigma, therefore transfer of Digitostigma to Astrophytum, as previously suggested by Hunt (2003) is justified (Vázquez-Sánchez & al. 2013, Vázquez-Lobo & al. 2015). Based on those two studies, Astrophytum includes six species grouped into two clades. A. caput-medusae D.R.Hunt is recognized as the sister of A. coahuilense (H.Moeller) K.Kayser, A. capricorne (A.Dietr.) Britton & Rose, and A. asterias (Zucc.) Lem., while A. myriostigma Lem. and A. coahuilense form another independent clade. It is supported that A. coahuilense is not conspecific with A. myriostigma. [Arias (2021)]

Acc.#10.1.1 Astrophytum asterias (Zucc.) Lem., Cactées: 50. 1868. Sec. Vázquez-Lobo & al. (2015)

Syn.#10.1.1Echinocactus asterias Zucc. in Abh. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Abt. 42: 13. 1845 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#10.1.2= Astrophytum asterias var. magnipunctatum Frič in Život v Přír. 29: 15. 1925 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#10.1.3= Astrophytum asterias var. multipunctatum Frič in Život v Přír. 29: 9. 1925 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#10.1.4= Astrophytum asterias var. nudicarpa Frič in Život v Přír. 29: 15. 1925 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#10.1.5= Astrophytum asterias var. roseiflorum Frič in Život v Přír. 29: 9. 1925 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#10.1.6= Astrophytum asterias var. seminudum Frič in Život v Přír. 29: 9. 1925 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#10.1.7= Echinocactus asterias var. nudus H.Moeller in Z. Sukkulentenk. 3: 54. 1927 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#10.1.8= Astrophytum asterias var. nudum Y.Itô, Cactaceae: 508. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#10.1.9= Astrophytum asterias var. pubescente Y.Itô, Cactaceae: 508. 1981 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#10.2.1 Astrophytum capricorne (A.Dietr.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 184-185. 1922. Sec. Vázquez-Lobo & al. (2015)

Syn.#10.2.1Echinocactus capricornis A.Dietr. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 19: 274. 1851 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Maierocactus capricornis (A.Dietr.) E.C.Rost in Z. Sukkulentenk. 2(8): 142. 1925 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#10.2.2= Echinocactus capricornis var. minor Runge & Quehl in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 2: 82. 1892 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus capricornis f. minor (Runge & Quehl) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 154. 1907 syn. sec. WFO 2019 Astrophytum capricorne f. minus (Runge & Quehl) A.F.Moeller in Syaboten 5: 103. 1934 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#10.2.3= Echinocactus capricornis var. major Pichon in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 19: 139. 1909 syn. sec. WFO 2019 Astrophytum capricorne f. majus (Pichon) A.F.Moeller in Syaboten 5: 103. 1934 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#10.2.4= Astrophytum capricorne var. major Frič in Život v Přír. 29: 10. 1925 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#10.2.5= Astrophytum capricorne var. minus Frič in Život v Přír. 29: 10. 1925

Syn.#10.2.6= Astrophytum capricorne var. orientale Frič in Život v Přír. 29: 10. 1925

Syn.#10.2.7= Astrophytum senile Frič in Život v Přír. 29: 15. 1925 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Echinocactus capricornus var. senilis Frič in Z. Sukkulentenk. 2: 128. 1925 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Astrophytum capricorne subsp. senile (Frič) Doweld in Sukkulenty 3: 36. 2000 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Astrophytum senile Frič in Ceskoslov. Zahradn. Listy 1924: 120. 1924, nom. inval.

Syn.#10.2.8= Echinocactus capricornus var. aureus H.Moeller in Z. Sukkulentenk. 2: 128. 1925 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Astrophytum senile var. aureum (H.Moeller) Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1937(2): 2. 1937 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#10.2.9= Echinocactus capricornis var. crassispinus H.Moeller in Z. Sukkulentenk. 2: 129. 1926 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Astrophytum capricorne var. crassispinum (H.Moeller) Okum. in Syaboten 4: 175. 1933 Astrophytum crassispinum (H.Moeller) W.Haage & Sadovsky in Kakteen And. Sukk. 9: 81. 1958 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Astrophytum crassispinum (H.Moeller) W.Haage & Sadovsky in Kakteen And. Sukk. 8: 137. 1957, comb. inval. syn. sec. TPL (2013)

Syn.#10.2.10= Echinocactus capricornis var. niveus K.Kayser in Kakteenkunde 1933: 32. 1933 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Astrophytum niveum (K.Kayser) W.Haage & Sadovsky in Kakteen And. Sukk. 9: 81. 1958 syn. sec. TPL (2013) Astrophytum niveum (K.Kayser) W.Haage & Sadovsky in Kakteen And. Sukk. 8: 137. 1957, comb. inval. syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#10.2.11= Astrophytum capricorne subsp. sanjuanense Pavlícek in Kaktusy (Brno) 47: 5. 2011 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#10.3.1 Astrophytum caput-medusae D.R.Hunt in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 4. 2003. Sec. Vázquez-Lobo & al. (2015)

Syn.#10.3.1Digitostigma caput-medusae Velazco & Nevárez in Cact. Suc. Mex. 47(4): 81. 2002, nom. inval. syn. sec. Vázquez-Lobo & al. (2015)

Acc.#10.4.1 Astrophytum coahuilense (H.Moeller) K.Kayser in Kakteen-Freund 1: 59. 1932. Sec. Vázquez-Lobo & al. (2015)

Syn.#10.4.1Echinocactus myriostigma subsp. coahuilensis H.Moeller in Z. Sukkulentenk. 3: 54. 1927 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) ≡ ?Astrophytum myriostigma subsp. coahuilense (H.Moeller) K.Kayser in Kakteen-Freund 1: 57. 1932 syn. sec. Arias (2021) Astrophytum myriostigma var. coahuilense (H.Moeller) K.Kayser in Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 251. 1937 syn. sec. Arias (2021)

Acc.#10.5.1 Astrophytum myriostigma Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 4. 1839. Sec. Vázquez-Lobo & al. (2015)

Syn.#10.5.1Echinocactus myriostigma (Lem.) Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck.: 22. 1841 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#10.5.2= Cereus callicoche Galeotti ex Scheidw. in Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 6(1): 88. 1839 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#10.5.3= Cereus inermis Scheidw. in Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 6(1): 88. 1839 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#10.5.4= Astrophytum depressum Lawr. in Gard. Mag. (London) 17: 321. 1841 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#10.5.5= Cereus colicochus Booth ex C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk.: 336. 1846 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#10.5.6= Astrophytum prismaticum Lem., Cactées: 50. 1868 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#10.5.7= Echinocactus myriostigma var. columnaris K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 321. 1898 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocactus myriostigma f. columnaris (K.Schum.) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 151. 1907 syn. sec. Anderson (2005) Astrophytum myriostigma var. columnare (K.Schum.) Frič in Život v Přír. 29: 15. 1925 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Astrophytum columnare (K.Schum.) Sadovsky & Schütz, Gattung Astrophytum: 159. 1979 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#10.5.8= Astrophytum quadratum Cobbold in Cact. J. (London) 2: 89. 1899 syn. sec. Anderson (2005)

Syn.#10.5.9= Echinocactus myriostigma var. nudus Rud.Mey. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 22: 136. 1912 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Astrophytum myriostigma var. nudum (Rud.Mey.) Frič in Život v Přír. 29: 10. 1925 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Astrophytum myriostigma subvar. nudum (Rud.Mey.) Backeb., Cactaceae 5: 2662. 1961 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#10.5.10= Astrophytum myriostigma var. cereiforme Frič in Život v Přír. 29: 10. 1925 syn. sec. Anderson (2005)

Syn.#10.5.11= Astrophytum myriostigma var. grandiflorum Frič in Život v Přír. 29: 9. 1925 syn. sec. Anderson (2005)

Syn.#10.5.12= Astrophytum myriostigma var. minimiflorum Frič in Život v Přír. 29: 15. 1925 syn. sec. Anderson (2005)

Syn.#10.5.13= Astrophytum myriostigma var. nudicarpa Frič in Život v Přír. 29: 10. 1925 syn. sec. Anderson (2005)

Syn.#10.5.14= Echinocactus myriostigma subsp. potosinus H.Moeller in Z. Sukkulentenk. 3: 54. 1927 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Astrophytum myriostigma subsp. potosinum (H.Moeller) K.Kayser in Kakteen-Freund 1: 57. 1932 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Astrophytum myriostigma var. potosinum (H.Moeller) Kreuz., Verzeichnis Amer. Sukk. Rev. Syst. Kakteen: 20. 1935 syn. sec. Anderson (2005) Astrophytum myriostigma var. potosinum (H.Moeller) K.Kayser in Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 251. 1937 syn. sec. Anderson (2005)

Syn.#10.5.15= Echinocactus myriostigma subsp. quadricostatus H.Moeller in Z. Sukkulentenk. 3: 54. 1927 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocactus myriostigma var. quadricostatus H.Moeller in Z. Sukkulentenk. 3: 54. 1927 syn. sec. WFO 2019 Astrophytum quadricostatum (H.Moeller) Houghton in J. Cact. Succ. Soc. Amer. 1: 157. 1930 Astrophytum myriostigma subsp. quadricostatum (H.Moeller) K.Kayser in Kakteen-Freund 1: 57. 1932 syn. sec. Anderson (2005) Astrophytum myriostigma var. quadricostatum (H.Moeller) Baum in Kakteenkunde 1933: 205. 1933 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Astrophytum myriostigma var. quadricostatum (H.Moeller) Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 251. 1937 syn. sec. Anderson (2005)

Syn.#10.5.16= Astrophytum tamaulipense Houghton in J. Cact. Succ. Soc. Amer. 1: 157. 1930 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#10.5.17= Astrophytum myriostigma subsp. tamaulipense K.Kayser in Kakteen-Freund 1: 58. 1932 syn. sec. Anderson (2005) Astrophytum myriostigma var. tamaulipense (K.Kayser) W.T.Marshall & T.M.Bock, Cactaceae: 154. 1941 syn. sec. Anderson (2005)

Syn.#10.5.18= Astrophytum myriostigma subsp. tulense K.Kayser in Kakteen-Freund 1: 58. 1932 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Astrophytum myriostigma var. tulense (K.Kayser) Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 310. 1937 syn. sec. Anderson (2005) Astrophytum myriostigma subvar. tulense (K.Kayser) Backeb., Cactaceae 5: 2660. 1961 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Astrophytum tulense (K.Kayser) Sadovsky & Schütz, Gattung Astrophytum: 159. 1979 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#10.5.19= Astrophytum myriostigma var. verum W.T.Marshall in Marshall & Bock, Cactaceae: 154. 1941 syn. sec. Anderson (2005)

Syn.#10.5.20= Astrophytum myriostigma var. strongylogonum Backeb., Cactaceae 5: 2661. 1961 syn. sec. Anderson (2005)

Syn.#10.5.21= Astrophytum mirum Halda & Panar. in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 7: 33. 2000 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#10.6.1 Astrophytum ornatum (DC.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 185. 1922. Sec. Vázquez-Lobo & al. (2015)

Syn.#10.6.1Echinocactus ornatus DC. in Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 114. 1828 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#10.6.2= Echinocactus mirbelii Lem., Cact. Aliq. Nov.: 22. 1838 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinofossulocactus mirbelii (Lem.) Lawr. in Gard. Mag. (London) 17: 318. 1841 syn. sec. Tropicos Echinocactus ornatus var. mirbelii Croucher in Gard. Chron. 1873: 983. 1873 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Astrophytum ornatum var. mirbelii (Lem.) Frič in Život v Přír. 29: 10. 1925 syn. sec. Anderson (2005) Astrophytum ornatum f. mirbelii (Lem.) Krainz, Kakteen 31-32: C VIe. 1965 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#10.6.3= Echinocactus tortus Scheidw. in Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 5: 493. 1838 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#10.6.4= Echinocactus ghiesbrechtii Salm-Dyck in Allg. Gartenzeitung 18: 395. 1850 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#10.6.5= Echinocactus holopterus Miq. ex Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 27. 1850 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922) Echinofossulocactus holopterus (Miq. ex Salm-Dyck) Lawr. in Gard. Mag. (London) 17: 318. 1841 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#10.6.6= Echinopsis haageana Linke in Wochenschr. Gärtnerei Pflanzenk. 1: 86. 1858 Echinopsis haageanus Linke in Wochenschr. Gärtnerei Pflanzenk. 1: 86. 1858 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus haageanus (Linke) C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 469. 1885 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#10.6.7= Astrophytum glabrescens F.A.C.Weber, Dict. Hort. 1: 467. 1896 syn. sec. Anderson (2005) Echinocactus ornatus var. glabrescens F.A.C.Weber, Dict. Hort. 1: 467. 1896 syn. sec. Tropicos Echinocactus ornatus var. glabrescens K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 324. 1898 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocactus ornatus f. glabrescens (F.A.C.Weber) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 153. 1907 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922) Astrophytum ornatum var. glabrescens (F.A.C.Weber) Frič in Život v Přír. 29: 10. 1925 syn. sec. Anderson (2005) Astrophytum ornatum subvar. glabrescens (F.A.C.Weber) Backeb., Cactaceae 5: 2664. 1961 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Astrophytum ornatum f. glabrescens (F.A.C.Weber) Krainz, Kakteen 31-32: C VIe. 1965 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#10.6.8= Astrophytum ornatum var. niveum Schütz & Fleisch. in Kaktusy (Brno) 7(3): 55. 1971 syn. sec. Anderson (2005)

Syn.#10.6.9= Astrophytum ornatum var. virens Schütz & Fleisch. in Kaktusy (Brno) 7(3): 55. 1971 syn. sec. Anderson (2005)

Acc.#11. Austrocactus Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 44. 1922. Sec. Hunt (2006) Type: Austrocactus bertinii (J.F.Cels) Britton & Rose

Acc.#11.1.1 Austrocactus bertinii (J.F.Cels) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 44–45, f. 56. 1922. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#11.1.1Cereus bertinii J.F.Cels in Horticulteur Franç. 5: 251. 1863 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Echinocereus bertinii (J.F.Cels) Walton in Cact. J. (London) 1: 12. 1898 syn. sec. Tropicos Echinocactus bertinii (J.F.Cels) A.Berger, Kakteen: 216. 1929 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Malacocarpus bertinii (J.F.Cels) Hosseus in Arch. Esc. Fárm. Fac. Ci. Méd. Córdoba 9: 133. 1939 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Notocactus bertinii (J.F.Cels) W.T.Marshall, Cact. Ill. Keys: 159. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#11.1.2= Cereus patagonicus F.A.C.Weber ex Speg. in Revista Fac. Agron. Univ. Nac. La Plata 3: 604. 1897 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Malacocarpus patagonicus (F.A.C.Weber ex Speg.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 197–198. 1922 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Austrocactus patagonicus (F.A.C.Weber ex Speg.) Hosseus in Revista Centro Estud. Farm. reimpr. 2(6): 24. 1926 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Notocactus patagonicus (F.A.C.Weber ex Speg.) W.T.Marshall, Cactaceae: 158. 1941 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#11.1.3= Cereus dusenii F.A.C.Weber ex Speg., Nova Add. Fl. Patag. 1: 56. 1899 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Austrocactus dusenii (F.A.C.Weber) Speg. in Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 96: 69. 1923 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#11.1.4= Malacocarpus dusenii Hosseus in Arch. Esc. Fárm. Fac. Ci. Méd. Córdoba 9: 122. 1939 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#11.1.5= Austrocactus gracilis Backeb. in Beitr. Sukkulentenk. Sukkulentenpflege 1942: 58. 1942 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#11.1.6= Austrocactus colloncurensis I.Schaub & Keim in Kakteen And. Sukk. 65: 212. 2014 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#11.2.1 Austrocactus coxii (K.Schum.) Backeb., Cactaceae 3: 1562. 1959. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#11.2.1Echinocactus coxii K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 422. 1898 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Malacocarpus coxii (K.Schum.) Hosseus in Arch. Esc. Fárm. Fac. Ci. Méd. Córdoba 9: 131. 1939 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#11.2.2= Austrocactus longicarpus E.Sarnes & N.Sarnes in Kakteen And. Sukk. 65: 258. 2014 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Austrocactus coxii subsp. longicarpus (E.Sarnes & N.Sarnes) Guiggi in Cactology 5 (Suppl. 8): 1. 2020 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#11.3.1 Austrocactus ferrarii R.Kiesling, E.Sarnes & N.Sarnes in Kakteen And. Sukk. 63(12): 330. 2012. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#11.4.1 Austrocactus hibernus F.Ritter in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 34. 1963. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#11.5.1 Austrocactus hibernus subsp. hibernus

Acc.#11.6.1 Austrocactus hibernus subsp. robustior E.Sarnes & N.Sarnes in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 92(3): 226. 2020. Sec. Sarnes & Sarnes (2020)

Acc.#11.7.1 Austrocactus nobilis E.Sarnes & N.Sarnes in CactusWorld 38(3): 166. 2020. Sec. Sarnes & Sarnes (2020)

Syn.#11.7.1Austrocactus bertinii subsp. nobilis (E.Sarnes & N.Sarnes) Guiggi in Cactology 5(Suppl. 10): 1. 2020

Acc.#11.8.1 Austrocactus pauxillus E.Sarnes & N.Sarnes in Kakteen And. Sukk. 67: 154. 2016. Sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#11.9.1 Austrocactus philippii (Regel & Schmidt) Buxb. in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 11. 1963. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#11.9.1Cereus philippii Regel & Schmidt in Gartenflora 31: 98. 1882 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Echinocactus philippii (Regel & Schmidt) K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 427. 1898 syn. sec. Tropicos Echinopsis philippi (Regel & Schmidt) Nicolson, Ill. Dict. Gard. Suppl.: 338. 1920 syn. sec. Tropicos Erdisia philipii (Regel & Schmidt) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 105. 1920 syn. sec. Tropicos

Acc.#11.10.1 Austrocactus praecox E.Sarnes & N.Sarnes in Kakteen And. Sukk. 71(8): 228. 2020. Sec. Sarnes & Sarnes (2020)

Acc.#11.11.1 Austrocactus spiniflorus (Phil.) F.Ritter in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 35. 1963. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#11.11.1Opuntia spiniflora Phil. in Linnaea 30: 211. 1859 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Erdisia spiniflora (Phil.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 106. 1920 syn. sec. Tropicos Corryocactus spiniflorus (Phil.) Hutchison in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 9. 1963 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#11.11.2= Opuntia bicolor Phil. in Linnaea 33: 83. 1864 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#11.11.3= Cereus hypogaeus F.A.C.Weber ex Regel in Gartenflora 31: 165. 1882 syn. sec. Tropicos Echinocereus hypogaeus (F.A.C.Weber ex Regel) F.A.C.Weber ex Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 784. 1885 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Echinocereus hypogaeus (F.A.C.Weber ex Regel) F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(6a): 185. 1894, nom. inval. syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#11.11.4Eulychnia clavata Phil. ex K.Schum. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(6a): 185. 1894, nom. nud. syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#11.11.5Echinocereus clavatus (Phil. ex K.Schum.) K.Schum. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 5: 123. 1895, comb. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#11.12.1 Austrocactus subandinus E.Sarnes & N.Sarnes in Kakteen And. Sukk. 66: 174. 2015. Sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#12. Austrocylindropuntia Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1938(6): 21. 1938. Sec. Ritz & al. (2012), Lectotype: Austrocylindropuntia exaltata (A.Berger) Backeb.

Syn.#12.g1= Pseudotephrocactus Frič & Schelle, Akklim. Versuchs-Gart.: 1. 1933 syn. sec. Hernández-Ledesma & al. (2015)

Syn.#12.0.1= Andinopuntia Guiggi in Cactology 2 (Suppl.): 1. 2011 syn. sec. Hernández-Ledesma & al. (2015)

Syn.#12.0.2= Peruviopuntia Guiggi in Cactology 2 (Suppl.): 1. 2011 syn. sec. Hernández-Ledesma & al. (2015)

Syn.#12.0.3= Trichopuntia Guiggi in Cactology 2 (Suppl.): 2. 2011 syn. sec. Hernández-Ledesma & al. (2015)

Notes. – Phylogenetics: Austrocylindropuntia as originally treated in Hunt (2006) was found as not monophyletic by Ritz & al. (2012). Austrocylindropuntia lagopus (K. Schum.) F. Ritter was found sister to the remaining species of Austrocylindropuntia and Cumulopuntia and was therefore segregated as a monotypic genus Punotia D. R. Hunt; see also note under Punotia. [Hernández-Ledesma & al. (2015)]

Acc.#12.1.1 Austrocylindropuntia cylindrica (Lam.) Backeb. in Cactaceae (Berlin) 1941(2): 12. 1942. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#12.1.1Cactus cylindricus Lam., Encycl. 1(2): 539. 1785 Cereus cylindricus (Lam.) Haw., Syn. Pl. Succ.: 183. 1812 syn. sec. Hernández-Ledesma & al. (2015) Opuntia cylindrica (Lam.) DC., Prodr. 3: 471. 1828 Cylindropuntia cylindrica (Lam.) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 120. 1936 ["1935"]

Syn.#12.1.2= Cactus coranarius Cav., Descr. Pl.: 490. 1802 syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Syn.#12.1.3= Austrocylindropuntia intermedia Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 6. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Cylindropuntia intermedia (Rauh & Backeb.) Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 1958(1): 194. 1958

Syn.#12.1.4= Opuntia bradleyi G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13: 4. 1958 syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Acc.#12.2.1 Austrocylindropuntia exaltata (A.Berger) Backeb. in Cactaceae (Berlin) 1941(2): 12. 1942. Sec. Iliff (2002)

Syn.#12.2.1Opuntia exaltata A.Berger, Hort. Mortol.: 232, 410. 1912 Cylindropuntia exaltata (A.Berger) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 120. 1936 ["1935"] Opuntia subulata var. exaltata (A.Berger) G.D.Rowley in Repert. Pl. Succ. 23: 8. 1974 ["1972"] Austrocylindropuntia subulata subsp. exaltata (A.Berger) D.R.Hunt in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 14: 11. 2002

Acc.#12.3.1 Austrocylindropuntia floccosa (Salm-Dyck) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1244. 1981. Sec. Ritz & al. (2012)

Syn.#12.3.1Opuntia floccosa Salm-Dyck in Allg. Gartenzeitung 13: 388. 1845 Tephrocactus floccosus (Salm-Dyck) Backeb., KaktusABC: 105. 1936 ["1935"] Andinopuntia floccosa (Salm-Dyck) Guiggi in Cactology 2 (Suppl.): 1. 2011 Austrocylindropuntia floccosa subsp. floccosa syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2012)

Syn.#12.3.2= Opuntia senilis Roezl in Ann. Hort. Belge Étrangère 24: 39. 1874 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1919)

Syn.#12.3.3= Opuntia floccosa var. denudata F.A.C.Weber, Dict. Hort. 2: 897. 1898 syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online.

Syn.#12.3.4= Opuntia hempeliana K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 690. 1898 syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Syn.#12.3.5= Opuntia atroviridis Werderm. & Backeb., Neue Kakteen: 63. 1931 syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Syn.#12.3.6= Opuntia udonis Weing. in Kakteenkunde 1933: 71. 1933 syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Syn.#12.3.7= Opuntia verticosa Weing. in Kakteenkunde 1933: 72. 1933 syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Syn.#12.3.8= Tephrocactus atroviridis Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 105. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Brako & Zarucchi (1993)

Syn.#12.3.9= Tephrocactus udonis Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 106. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Syn.#12.3.10= Tephrocactus verticosus Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 106. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Syn.#12.3.11= Austrocylindropuntia tephrocactoides Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 6. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Cylindropuntia tephrocactoides (Rauh & Backeb.) Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.Naturwiss. Kl. 1958(1): 194. 1958 Opuntia tephrocactoides (Rauh & Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13(1): 4. 1958

Syn.#12.3.12= Tephrocactus blancii Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 8. 1957 ["1956"] Opuntia blancii (Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13(1): 5. 1958 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#12.3.13= Tephrocactus crispicrinitus subvar. flavicomus Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 7. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Opuntia crispicrinita subvar. flavicoma (Rauh & Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13: 5. 1958

Syn.#12.3.14= Tephrocactus crispicrinitus var. tortispinus Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 7. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Opuntia crispicrinita var. tortispina (Rauh & Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13: 5. 1958

Syn.#12.3.15= Tephrocactus floccosus subvar. aurescens Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 7. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Opuntia floccosa subvar. aurescens (Rauh & Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13: 5. 1958

Syn.#12.3.16= Tephrocactus floccosus var. canispinus Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 6. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Opuntia floccosa var. canispina (Rauh & Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13: 5. 1958

Syn.#12.3.17= Tephrocactus lagopus var. aureopenicillatus Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 7. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Opuntia lagopus var. aureopenicillata (Rauh & Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13: 6. 1958

Syn.#12.3.18= Tephrocactus pseudoudonis Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 7. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Opuntia pseudoudonis (Rauh & Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13: 6. 1958

Syn.#12.3.19= Tephrocactus atroviridis var. longicylindricus Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 1958(1): 212. 1958 syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Opuntia atroviridis f. longicylindrica (Rauh & Backeb.) Krainz, Kakteen 1: X B. 1970

Syn.#12.3.20= Tephrocactus atroviridis var. parviflorus Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 1958(1): 213. 1958 syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Opuntia atroviridis f. parviflora (Rauh & Backeb.) Krainz, Kakteen: 1, X B. 1970

Syn.#12.3.21= Tephrocactus atroviridis var. paucispina Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 1958(1): 214. 1958 syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Opuntia atroviridis f. paucispina (Rauh & Backeb.) Krainz, Kakteen 1: X B. 1970

Syn.#12.3.22= Tephrocactus crispicrinitus Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 209. 1958 syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Opuntia crispicrinita (Rauh & Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13(1): 5. 1958 Austrocylindropuntia floccosa subsp. crispicrinitus (Rauh & Backeb.) Ostolaza, Cactus Perú: 156. 2014

Syn.#12.3.23= Tephrocactus crispicrinitus var. cylindraceus Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 211. 1958 syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Opuntia crispicrinita var. cylindracea (Rauh & Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13(1): 5. 1958

Syn.#12.3.24= Tephrocactus cylindrolanatus Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 208. 1958 syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Opuntia cylindrolanata (Rauh & Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13(1): 5. 1958

Syn.#12.3.25= Tephrocactus floccosus var. crassior Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 203. 1958 syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Opuntia floccosa var. crassior (Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13(1): 5. 1958

Syn.#12.3.26= Tephrocactus floccosus var. ovoides Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 203. 1958 syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Opuntia floccosa var. ovoides (Rauh & Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13(1): 5. 1958

Syn.#12.3.27= Tephrocactus hirschii Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 217. 1958 syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Opuntia hirschii (Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13(1): 5. 1958 Austrocylindropuntia hirschii (Backeb.) E.F.Anderson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 71: 324. 1999

Syn.#12.3.28= Tephrocactus pseudo-udonis Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 208. 1958 syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Opuntia pseudo-udonis (Rauh & Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13(1): 5. 1958

Syn.#12.3.29= Tephrocactus punta-caillan Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 217. 1958 syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Opuntia punta-caillan (Rauh & Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13(1): 5. 1958 Austrocylindropuntia punta-caillan (Rauh & Backeb.) E.F.Anderson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 71: 324. 1999

Syn.#12.3.30= Tephrocactus rauhii Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 211. 1958 syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Opuntia rauhii (Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13(1): 5. 1958

Syn.#12.3.31= Tephrocactus yanganucensis Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 217. 1958 syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Opuntia yanganucensis (Rauh & Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13(1): 5. 1958 Austrocylindropuntia yanganucensis (Rauh & Backeb.) E.F.Anderson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 71: 324. 1999 Andinopuntia floccosa subsp. yanganucensis (Rauh & Backeb.) Guiggi in Cactology 5 (Suppl. II): 1. 2016 Austrocylindropuntia floccosa subsp. yanganucensis (Rauh & Backeb.) Ostolaza in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 24: 6. 2008 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#12.3.32= Austrocylindropuntia lauliacoana F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1247. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#12.3.33= Austrocylindropuntia machacana F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1246. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#12.3.34Opuntia floccosa var. cardenasii (Marn.-Lap.) G.D.Rowley in Repert. Pl. Succ. 22: 11. 1973, nom. inval. syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Acc.#12.4.1 Austrocylindropuntia pachypus (K.Schum.) Backeb. in Cactaceae (Berlin) 1942(2): 13. 1942. Sec. Ritz & al. (2012)

Syn.#12.4.1Opuntia pachypus K.Schum. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 14: 26. 1904 Cylindropuntia pachypus (K.Schum.) Backeb., KaktusABC: 120. 1936 ["1935"] Peruviopuntia pachypus (K.Schum.) Guiggi in Cactology 2 (Suppl.): 2. 2011

Acc.#12.5.1 Austrocylindropuntia shaferi (Britton & Rose) Backeb. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 23: 14. 1951. Sec. Ritz & al. (2012)

Syn.#12.5.1Opuntia shaferi Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 1: 72. 1919 Cylindropuntia shaferi (Britton & Rose) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 119. 1936 ["1935"] Austrocylindropuntia vestita var. shaferi (Britton & Rose) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 380. 1980 Trichopuntia shaferi (Britton & Rose) Guiggi in Cactology 2 (Suppl.): 2. 2011

Syn.#12.5.2= Opuntia weingartiana Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1935(8): 4, gen. 10, subgen. 4–a–b, sp. 2. 1935 Cylindropuntia weingartiana (Backeb.) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 119. 1936 ["1935"] Austrocylindropuntia weingartiana (Backeb.) Backeb. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 23: 14. 1951 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#12.5.3= Austrocylindropuntia steiniana Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 6. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Opuntia steiniana (Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Nat. Cact. & Succ. Journ. 13: 4. 1958 Opuntia ignescens var. steiniana (Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13: 5. 1958

Acc.#12.6.1 Austrocylindropuntia shaferi var. humahuacana (Backeb.) R.Kiesling in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 42: 110. 1980. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#12.6.1Cylindropuntia humahuacana Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 119. 1936 ["1935"] Austrocylindropuntia humahuacana (Backeb.) Backeb. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 23: 13. 1951 Opuntia humahuacana (Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13: 4. 1958 Opuntia shaferi var. humahuacana (Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 44: 2. 1982 Trichopuntia shaferi subsp. humahuacana (Backeb.) Guiggi in Cactology 2 (Suppl.): 2. 2011

Acc.#12.7.1 Austrocylindropuntia shaferi var. shaferi

Acc.#12.8.1 Austrocylindropuntia subulata (Muehlenpf.) Backeb. in Cactaceae (Berlin) 1941(2): 12. 1942. Sec. Ritz & al. (2012)

Syn.#12.8.1Pereskia subulata Muehlenpf. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 13: 347. 1845 Opuntia subulata (Muehlenpf.) Engelm. in Gard. Chron. 1: 627. 1883 Pereskiopsis subulata (Muehlenpf.) Britton & Rose, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 5: 2547. 1916 Cylindropuntia subulata (Muehlenpf.) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 121. 1936 ["1935"] Austrocylindropuntia subulata subsp. subulata

Syn.#12.8.2= Opuntia ellemeetiana Miq. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 4: 337. 1858 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1919)

Syn.#12.8.3= Opuntia ellemetiana Miq. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 4: 337. 1859 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1919)

Syn.#12.8.4= Pereskia affinis Meinsh. in Wochenschr. Gärtnerei Pflanzenk. 2: 118. 1859 syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Syn.#12.8.5= Opuntia segethii F.Phil. in Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 26: 861. 1868 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1919)

Acc.#12.9.1 Austrocylindropuntia vestita (Salm-Dyck) Backeb. in Beitr. Sukkulentenk. Sukkulentenpflege 1939: 11. 1939. Sec. Ritz & al. (2012)

Syn.#12.9.1Opuntia vestita Salm-Dyck in Allg. Gartenzeitung 13: 388. 1845 Pseudotephrocactus vestitus (Salm-Dyck) Frič & Schelle, Akklim. Versuchs-Gart.: 1. 1933 Cylindropuntia vestita (Salm-Dyck) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 119. 1936 ["1935"] Trichopuntia vestita (Salm-Dyck) Guiggi in Cactology 2 (Suppl.): 2. 2011

Syn.#12.9.2= Opuntia involuta Otto ex C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk.: 505. 1846 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1919)

Syn.#12.9.3= Opuntia heteromorpha Phil. in Anales Mus. Nac., Santiago de Chile 1: 28. 1891 syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Tephrocactus heteromorphus (Phil.) Backeb. in Cactus (Paris) 38: 249. 1953

Syn.#12.9.4= Opuntia teres Cels ex F.A.C.Weber, Dict. Hort.: 898. 1898 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1919) Cylindropuntia teres (Cels ex F.A.C.Weber) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 119. 1936 ["1935"] Austrocylindropuntia teres (F.Cels ex F.A.C.Weber) Backeb. in Jahrb. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 1944: 39. 1944

Syn.#12.9.5= Opuntia chuquisacana Cárdenas in Lilloa 23: 20, f. 2. 1950 Austrocylindropuntia chuquisacana (Cárdenas) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 485. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Austrocylindropuntia vestita var. chuquisacana (Cárdenas) Backeb., Cactaceae 1: 151. 1958 Opuntia vestita var. chuquisacana (Cárdenas) G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13: 25. 1958

Syn.#12.9.6= Austrocylindropuntia vestita var. maior Backeb. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 23: 14. 1951 syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Opuntia vestita f. maior (Backeb.) Krainz, Kakteen 36: C VIII B. 1967

Syn.#12.9.7= Austrocylindropuntia vestita var. intermedia Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3581. 1962 syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Opuntia vestita f. intermedia (Backeb.) Krainz, Kakteen 36: C VIII B. 1967

Acc.#13. Aylostera Speg. in Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 96: 75. 1923. Sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Type: Aylostera pseudominuscula (Speg.) Speg.

Syn.#13.g1= Mediolobivia Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1934(2): 3. 1934 syn. sec. Hunt (2006). Type: Mediolobivia aureiflora (Backeb.) Backeb.

Syn.#13.0.8= Digitorebutia Frič & Kreuz. ex Buining in Succulenta (Netherlands) 22. 1940 syn. sec. Hunt (2006). Type: Digitorebutia haagei (Frič & Schelle) Frič ex Buining

Notes. – The phylogenetic relationships in Aylostera were studied in detail by Ritz et al. (2016) based on the plastid DNA regions atpB-rbcL and trnS-trnG as well as AFLPs and morphological characters. Aylostera was confirmed as monophyletic and as distantly related to the clade that contains the type species of Rebutia K.Schum., thus justifying recognizing Aylostera as a separate genus. Based on their results, the authors suggested a new classification of Aylostera with nine species, this classification is followed here. [Korotkova (2021)]

Acc.#13.1.1 Aylostera albopectinata (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2769–2785. 2011. Sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.1.1Rebutia albopectinata Rausch in Kakteen And. Sukk. 23: 236. 1972 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Lobivia albopectinata (Rausch) Neirinck in Brugse Cactuspost 16(9): 79. 1994 [as "albipectinata"] syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Lobivia albipectinata (Rausch) Neirinck in Brugse Cactuspost 16(9): 79. 1994, nom. inval. syn. sec. TPL (2013)

Syn.#13.1.2= Rebutia schatzliana Rausch in Kakteen And. Sukk. 26(11): 244. 1975 Aylostera schatzliana (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2779. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Acc.#13.2.1 Aylostera azurduyensis J.de Vries in Succulenta (Netherlands) 85: 54, 56, 59. 2006. Sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.2.1Aylostera fiebrigii var. azurduyensis (J.de Vries) Mieczak. in Kaktusy Inne 4: 11. 2007 syn. sec. Tropicos

Acc.#13.3.1 Aylostera deminuta (F.A.C.Weber) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 274. 1936 ["1935"]. Sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.3.1Echinopsis deminuta F.A.C.Weber in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 10: 386. 1904 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Echinocactus deminutus (F.A.C.Weber) Gürke in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 16: 103. 1906 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Rebutia deminuta (F.A.C.Weber) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 285. 1923 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.3.2= Echinocactus fiebrigii Gürke in Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 4: 183. 1905 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Rebutia fiebrigii (Gürke) Britton & Rose in Cycl. Amer. Hort. 5: 2915. 1916 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera fiebrigii (Gürke) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 274. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Rebutia fiebdgii Britton & Rose, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 5: 2915. 1916 syn. sec. TPL (2013) [is misspelling for Rebutia fiebrigii (Gürke) Britton & Rose]

Syn.#13.3.3= Echinopsis pseudominuscula Speg. in Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, ser. 3, 4: 488. 1905 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Echinocactus pseudominusculus Speg. in Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, ser. 3, 4: 488. 1905 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Echinopsis pseudominusculus Speg. in Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, ser. 3, 4: 488. 1905 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Rebutia pseudominuscula (Speg.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 47, f. 58. 1922 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera pseudominuscula (Speg.) Speg. in Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 96: 75. 1923 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera deminuta var. pseudominuscula (Speg.) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 274. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Tropicos Rebutia deminuta f. pseudominuscula (Speg.) Buining & Donald in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 101. 1963

Syn.#13.3.4= Rebutia kupperiana Boed. in Monatsschr. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 4: 276. 1932 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera kupperiana (Boed.) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 275. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Rebutia deminuta subsp. kupperiana (Boed.) Hjertson in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 15: 9. 2003 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.3.5= Rebutia pseudodeminuta Backeb. in Kakteen-Freund 2(1): 7. 1933 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera pseudodeminuta (Backeb.) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 275. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.3.6= Rebutia pseudodeminuta var. schumanniana Backeb. in Kakteen-Freund 2: 7. 1933 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera pseudodeminuta var. schumanniana (Backeb.) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 275. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia pseudodeminuta f. schumanniana (Backeb.) Šída, Rod Rebutia: 20. 1997 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#13.3.7= Rebutia spegazziniana Backeb. in Kakteen-Freund 2(1): 6. 1933 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera spegazziniana (Backeb.) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 276. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Rebutia spegazziana Backeb. syn. sec. TPL (2013) [is misspelling for Rebutia spegazziniana Backeb.]

Syn.#13.3.8= Rebutia spinosissima Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1935(8): 7. 1935 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Aylostera spinosissima (Backeb.) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 275. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.3.9= Aylostera spegazziniana var. atroviridis Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 276. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Tropicos Rebutia spegazziniana var. atroviridis (Backeb.) Šída, Rod Rebutia: 21. 1997

Syn.#13.3.10= Aylostera pseudodeminuta var. albiseta Backeb. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 23: 82. 1951 syn. sec. Tropicos Rebutia pseudodeminuta f. albiseta (Backeb.) Buining & Donald in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 101. 1963 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.3.11= Aylostera pseudodeminuta var. grandiflora Backeb. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 23: 82. 1951 syn. sec. Tropicos Rebutia pseudodeminuta f. grandiflora (Backeb.) Buining & Donald in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 102. 1963 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.3.12= Aylostera pseudodeminuta var. schneideriana Backeb. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 23: 82. 1951 syn. sec. Tropicos Rebutia pseudodeminuta f. schneideriana (Backeb.) Buining & Donald in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 102. 1963 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.3.13= Rebutia fiebrigii f. densiseta Cullmann in Sukkulentenkunde 6: 25. 1957 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia fiebrigii var. densiseta (Cullmann) Oeser in Kakteen And. Sukk. 27: 29. 1976 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.3.14= Rebutia albiflora F.Ritter & Buining in Taxon 12: 29. 1963 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera albiflora (F.Ritter & Buining) Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 5. 1963 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Rebutia pulvinosa subsp. albiflora (F.Ritter & Buining) Hjertson in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 15: 9. 2003 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#13.3.15= Rebutia albipilosa F.Ritter in Taxon 12: 29. 1963 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Aylostera albipilosa (F.Ritter) Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 5. 1963 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.3.16= Rebutia muscula F.Ritter & Thiele in Taxon 12: 29. 1963 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Aylostera muscula (F.Ritter & Thiele) Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 5. 1963 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.3.17= Rebutia pulvinosa F.Ritter & Buining in Taxon 12: 29. 1963 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera pulvinosa (F.Ritter & Buining) Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 5. 1963 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.3.18= Rebutia rubiginosa F.Ritter in Taxon 12: 29. 1963 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera rubiginosa (F.Ritter) Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 5. 1963 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.3.19= Mediolobivia ithyacantha Cárdenas in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 42: 35. 1970 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia ithyacantha (Cárdenas) Diers in Kakteen And. Sukk. 23: 141. 1972 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.3.20= Rebutia fulviseta F.Ritter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 21: 29. 1970 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera fulviseta (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2778. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.3.21= Rebutia heliosa Rausch in Kakteen And. Sukk. 21: 30. 1970 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera heliosa (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2778. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.3.22= Rebutia vallegrandensis Cárdenas in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 42: 35. 1970 Aylostera vallegrandensis (Cárdenas) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2779. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.3.23= Aylostera narvaecense Cárdenas in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 43(6): 245. 1971 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Rebutia narvaecensis (Cárdenas) Donald in Ashingtonia 1(2): 21. 1973 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Aylostera narvaecensis Cárdenas in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 43: 245. 1971 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) [is orthographic variant for Aylostera narvaecense Cárdenas] Rebutia narvaecense (Cárdenas) Donald in Ashingtonia 1: 21. 1973 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) [is orthographic variant for Rebutia narvaecensis (Cárdenas) Donald]

Syn.#13.3.24= Rebutia buiningiana Rausch in Kakteen And. Sukk. 23(4): 98. 1972 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera buiningiana (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2777. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.3.25= Rebutia pulchella Rausch in Kakteen And. Sukk. 23(12): 340. 1972 Aylostera pulchella (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2779. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.3.26= Rebutia jujuyana Rausch in Kakteen And. Sukk. 24: 147. 1973 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera jujuyana (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2778. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.3.27= Rebutia donaldiana A.B.Lau & G.D.Rowley in Ashingtonia 177: 76. 1974 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera donaldiana (A.B.Lau & G.D.Rowley) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2778. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.3.28= Rebutia albiareolata F.Ritter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 28(4): 78. 1977 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera albiareolata (F.Ritter) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2777. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.3.29= Rebutia cajasensis F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 56(3): 64. 1977 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Aylostera cajasensis (F.Ritter) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2777. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.3.30= Rebutia cintiensis F.Ritter in Ashingtonia 2(10): 206. 1977 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera cintiensis (F.Ritter) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2777. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.3.31= Rebutia fusca F.Ritter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 28: 78. 1977 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera fusca (F.Ritter) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2778. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.3.32= Rebutia hoffmannii Diers & Rausch in Kakteen And. Sukk. 28: 105. 1977 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera hoffmannii (Diers & Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2778. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.3.33= Rebutia kieslingii Rausch in Kakteen And. Sukk. 28: 177. 1977 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera kieslingii (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2778. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.3.34= Rebutia kupperiana var. spiniflora F.Ritter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 28(4): 78. 1977 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#13.3.35= Rebutia mamillosa var. australis F.Ritter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 28: 77. 1977 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#13.3.36= Rebutia mamillosa var. orientalis F.Ritter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 28: 77. 1977 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#13.3.37= Rebutia minutissima F.Ritter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 28(4): 78. 1977 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#13.3.38= Rebutia nogalesensis F.Ritter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 28(4): 78. 1977 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera nogalesensis (F.Ritter) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2778. 2011 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#13.3.39= Rebutia patericalyx F.Ritter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 28: 78. 1977 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera patericalyx (F.Ritter) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2779. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.3.40= Rebutia robustispina F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 56(3): 64. 1977 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera robustispina (F.Ritter) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2779. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.3.41= Rebutia robustispina var. minor F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 56(3): 65. 1977 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#13.3.42= Rebutia sanguinea F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 56(3): 65. 1977 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#13.3.43= Rebutia sanguinea var. minor F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 56(3): 65. 1977 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#13.3.44= Rebutia tamboensis F.Ritter in Ashingtonia 2(10): 207. 1977 Aylostera tamboensis (F.Ritter) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2779. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.3.45= Rebutia vulpina F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 56: 66. 1977 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera vulpina (F.Ritter) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2779. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.3.46= Rebutia archibuiningiana F.Ritter in Ashingtonia 3(1): 14. 1978 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.3.47= Rebutia flavistyla F.Ritter in Ashingtonia 3(1): 12. 1978 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera flavistyla (F.Ritter) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2778. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.3.48= Rebutia nitida F.Ritter in Ashingtonia 3(1): 14. 1978 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera nitida (F.Ritter) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2778. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.3.49= Rebutia perplexa Donald in Ashingtonia 3(5-6): 150. 1979 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Rebutia pulvinosa subsp. perplexa (Donald) Hjertson in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 15: 9. 2003 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Aylostera perplexa (Donald) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2779. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.3.50= Rebutia fiebrigii var. vulpes F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 619. 1980 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#13.3.51= Rebutia heliosa var. cajasensis Donald in Ashingtonia 3: 144. 1980 ["1979"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia heliosa subsp. cajasensis (Donald) Říha & Šeda in Kaktusy (Brno) 42: 126. 2006 Aylostera heliosa subsp. cajasensis (Donald) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2778. 2011

Syn.#13.3.52= Rebutia heliosa var. condorensis Donald in Ashingtonia 3: 143. 1980 ["1979"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia heliosa subsp. condorensis (Donald) Říha & Šeda in Kaktusy (Brno) 42: 126. 2006 Aylostera heliosa subsp. condorensis (Donald) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2778. 2011

Syn.#13.3.53= Rebutia muscula var. luteoalbida F.H.Brandt in Kakteen Orch. Rundschau 5: 62. 1980 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#13.3.54= Rebutia simoniana Rausch in Kakteen And. Sukk. 35(9): 205. 1984 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera simoniana (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2779. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.3.55= Rebutia wahliana Rausch in Succulenta (Netherlands) 64(12): 257. 1985 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera wahliana (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2780. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.3.56= Rebutia walteri Diers in Kakteen And. Sukk. 40: 189. 1989 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera walteri (Diers) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2780. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.3.57= Rebutia heliosa subsp. teresae Kníže, Říha & Šeda in Kaktusy (Brno) 42: 86. 2006 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#13.3.58= Aylostera mandingaensis R.Wahl & Jucker in Kakteen And. Sukk. 59(4): 101. 2008 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.3.59= Rebutia dutineana Rausch in Kakteen And. Sukk. 59: 251. 2008 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#13.3.60= Rebutia dutineana var. gracilior Rausch in Kakteen And. Sukk. 59: 252. 2008 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#13.4.1 Aylostera einsteinii (Frič ex Kreuz. & Buining) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2769–2785. 2011. Sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.4.1Rebutia einsteinii Frič ex Kreuz. & Buining, Succulenta (Netherlands): 65. 1949 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Lobivia einsteinii (Frič) Rausch, Lobivia 85: 28. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Rebulobivia einsteinii Frič in Gartenzeitung (Vienna) 11: 46. 1935 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mediolobivia schmiedcheniana var. einsteinii (Frič) Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 30. 1957 ["1956"] Cylindrorebutia einsteinii (Frič ex Kreuz. & Buining) Brederoo in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1959: 123. 1959 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera einsteinii subsp. einsteinii

Syn.#13.4.2= Rebutia aureiflora Backeb. in Kakteen-Freund 1: 124. 1932 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Mediolobivia aureiflora (Backeb.) Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1934(2): 3. 1934 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia aureiflora (Backeb.) H.P.Kelsey & Dayton, Standard. Pl. Names, ed. 2: 73. 1942 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia einsteinii var. aureiflora (Backeb.) Rausch, Lobivia 85: 33. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia einsteinii subsp. aureiflora (Backeb.) Hjertson in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 15: 10. 2003 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera aureiflora (Backeb.) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2780. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.4.3= Rebutia karreri Frič in Möller's Deutsche Gärtn.-Zeitung 47: 421. 1932 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#13.4.4= Rebutia steineckei Frič in Möller's Deutsche Gärtn.-Zeitung 47: 422. 1932 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#13.4.5= Mediolobivia aureiflora var. albilongiseta Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1934(2): 5. 1934 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#13.4.6= Mediolobivia aureiflora var. albiseta Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1934(2): 5. 1934 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia aureiflora var. albiseta (Backeb.) Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 187. 1937 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#13.4.7= Mediolobivia aureiflora var. longiseta Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1934(2): 5. 1934 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mediolobivia longiseta (Backeb.) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 247. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia longiseta (Backeb.) H.P.Kelsey & Dayton, Standard. Pl. Names, ed. 2: 73. 1942 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#13.4.8= Mediolobivia boedekeriana Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1934(2): 6. 1934 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mediolobivia aureiflora var. boedekeriana (Backeb.) Backeb., Cactaceae 4: 1488. 1960 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia aureiflora f. boedekeriana (Backeb.) Šída, Rod Rebutia: 23. 1997 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#13.4.9= Mediolobivia duursmaiana Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1934(9): 6. 1934 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia aureiflora f. duursmaiana (Backeb.) Šída, Rod Rebutia: 23. 1997 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#13.4.10= Mediolobivia elegans Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1934(9): 5. 1934 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia aureiflora var. elegans (Backeb.) Buining & Donald in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 100. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia aureiflora subsp. elegans (Backeb.) Donald in Ashingtonia 2: 90. 1976 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia einsteinii var. elegans (Backeb.) Rausch, Lobivia 85: 33. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#13.4.11= Rebutia oculata Werderm., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Sonderbeih. C: t. 99. 1935 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Mediolobivia euanthema var. oculata (Werderm.) Krainz in Sukkulentenkunde 1: 19. 1947 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia euanthema f. oculata (Werderm.) Buining & Donald in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 102. 1963 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera oculata (Werderm.) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2782. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.4.12= Lobivia euanthema Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 240, 414. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Mediolobivia euanthema (Backeb.) Krainz in Sukkulentenkunde 1: 19. 1947 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Acantholobivia euanthema (Backeb.) Y.Itô, Explan. Diagr. Austroechinocactinae: 131. 1957 syn. sec. Tropicos Rebutia euanthema (Backeb.) Buining & Donald in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 102. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia einsteinii subsp. euanthema (Backeb.) Slaba in Kaktusy (Brno) 52(2): 54. 2016 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.4.13= Mediolobivia longiseta var. albilongiseta Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 247. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#13.4.14= Mediolobivia rubelliflora Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 415. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mediolobivia aureiflora var. rubelliflora (Backeb.) Backeb., Cactaceae 4: 1490. 1960 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia aureiflora f. rubelliflora (Backeb.) Buining & Donald in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 100. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#13.4.15= Mediolobivia rubriflora Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 415. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mediolobivia aureiflora var. rubriflora (Backeb.) Backeb., Cactaceae 4: 1490. 1960 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia aureiflora f. rubriflora (Backeb.) Buining & Donald in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 100. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#13.4.16= Rebutia blossfeldiana Backeb. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 8: 75. 1936 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#13.4.17= Rebutia blossfeldii Werderm. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 39: 273. 1936 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mediolobivia blossfeldii (Werderm.) Buining in Succulenta (Netherlands) 22: 43. 1940 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mediolobivia rubriflora var. blossfeldii (Werderm.) Krainz in Sukkulentenkunde 1: 19. 1947 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia aureiflora var. blossfeldii (Werderm.) Donald in Ashingtonia 2: 88. 1976 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#13.4.18= Rebutia sarothroides Werderm. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 39: 272. 1936 syn. sec. Tropicos Mediolobivia sarothroides (Werderm.) Buining in Succulenta (Netherlands) 22: 43. 1940 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mediolobivia aureiflora var. sarothroides (Werderm.) Backeb., Cactaceae 4: 1491. 1960 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia aureiflora f. sarothroides (Werderm.) Buining & Donald in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 100. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia aureiflora var. sarothroides (Werderm.) Donald in Ashingtonia 2: 90. 1976 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mediolobivia sarothmides (Werderm.) Buining squalm. syn. sec. The Plant List v. 1.1 2013 in Succulenta (Netherlands) 22: 43. 1940 syn. sec. TPL (2013) [is misspelling for Mediolobivia sarothroides (Werderm.) Buining]

Syn.#13.4.19= Lobivia auranitida Wessner in Kakteen And. Sukk. 1937: 130, 207. 1937 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Mediolobivia auranitida (Wessner) Krainz in Sukkulentenkunde 1: 18. 1947 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Cylindrorebutia auranitida (Wessner) Brederoo in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1959: 122. 1959 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia auranitida (Wessner) Buining & Donald in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 101. 1963 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#13.4.20= Lobivia auranitida var. gracilis Wessner in Kakteen And. Sukk. 1: 130, 207. 1937 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mediolobivia auranitida var. gracilis (Wessner) Backeb., Cactaceae 4: 1522. 1960 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia auranitida f. gracilis (Wessner) Buining & Donald in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 101. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#13.4.21= Lobivia schmiedcheniana U.Köhler in Beitr. Sukkulentenk. Sukkulentenpflege 1939: 37. 1939 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia schmiedcheniana (U.Köhler) W.T.Marshall, Cact. Ill. Keys: 125. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mediolobivia schmiedcheniana (U.Köhler) Krainz in Sukkulentenkunde 1: 19. 1947 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cylindrorebutia schmiedcheniana (U.Köhler) Brederoo in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1959: 123. 1959 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia einsteinii f. schmiedcheniana (U.Köhler) Buining & Donald in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 101. 1963

Syn.#13.4.22= Lobivia columnaris Wessner in Kakteenkunde 1940: 4. 1940 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mediolobivia columnaris (Wessner) Krainz in Sukkulentenkunde 1: 19. 1947 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cylindrorebutia columnaris (Wessner) Brederoo in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1959: 122. 1959 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mediolobivia conoidea var. columnaris (Wessner) Backeb., Cactaceae 4: 1498. 1960 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia einsteinii var. columnaris (Wessner) Buining & Donald in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 101. 1963

Syn.#13.4.23= Lobivia conoidea Wessner in Kakteenkunde 1940: 3. 1940 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Mediolobivia conoidea (Wessner) Krainz in Sukkulentenkunde 1: 19. 1947 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cylindrorebutia conoidea (Wessner) Brederoo in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1959: 122. 1959 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia einsteinii var. conoidea (Wessner) Buining & Donald in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 101. 1963 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Rebutia einsteinii f. conoidea (Wessner) Donald in Ashingtonia 2: 112. 1976

Syn.#13.4.24= Mediolobivia blossfeldii var. compactiflora Wessner in Kakteenkunde 1940: 32. 1940 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mediolobivia rubriflora var. compactiflora (Wessner) Krainz in Sukkulentenkunde 1: 20. 1947 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#13.4.25= Mediolobivia blossfeldii var. nigrilongiseta Wessner in Kakteenkunde 1940: 33. 1940 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mediolobivia rubriflora var. nigrilongiseta (Wessner) Krainz in Sukkulentenkunde 1: 20. 1947 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#13.4.26= Mediolobivia kesselringiana Cullmann in Sukkulentenkunde 2: 26. 1948 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Mediolobivia aureiflora f. kesselringiana (Cullmann) U.Köhler in Kakteen And. Sukk. 24: 206-207. 1973 syn. sec. Eggli (2021)

Syn.#13.4.27= Mediolobivia auranitida var. flaviflora Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 31. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#13.4.28= Mediolobivia aureiflora subvar. leucolutea Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 30. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#13.4.29= Mediolobivia aureiflora subvar. lilacinostoma Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 30. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#13.4.30= Mediolobivia euanthema var. fricii Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 30. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia euanthema f. fricii (Backeb.) Buining & Donald in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 102. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#13.4.31= Mediolobivia neopygmaea Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 30. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia euanthema f. neopygmaea (Backeb.) Buining & Donald in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 102. 1963 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.4.32= Mediolobivia schmiedcheniana var. karreri Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 30. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia einsteinii f. karreri (Backeb.) Buining & Donald in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 27: 39. 1965 Rebutia einsteinii var. karreri (Backeb.) Šída in Kaktusy (Brno) 26: 19. 1990 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#13.4.33= Mediolobivia schmiedcheniana var. rubriviridis Frič & Kreuz. ex Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 30. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia einsteinii var. rubriviridis (Frič & Kreuz. ex Backeb.) Buining & Donald in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 101. 1963 Rebutia einsteinii f. rubriviridis (Frič & Kreuz. ex Backeb.) Donald in Ashingtonia 2: 112. 1976

Syn.#13.4.34= Mediolobivia schmiedcheniana var. steineckei Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 30. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia einsteinii var. steineckei (Backeb.) Buining & Donald in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 101. 1963 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Rebutia einsteinii f. steineckei (Backeb.) Donald in Ashingtonia 2: 112. 1976 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.4.35= Rebutia gonjianii R.Kiesling in Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 15(1): 132. 1973 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Rebutia einsteinii var. gonjianii (R.Kiesling) Donald in Ashingtonia 1: 83. 1974 Lobivia einsteinii var. gonjianii (R.Kiesling) Rausch, Lobivia 85: 32. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Lobivia gonjianii (R.Kiesling) R.Kiesling in Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 74: 1245. 1999 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia einsteinii subsp. gonjianii (R.Kiesling) Hjertson in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 15: 10. 2003 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Aylostera gonjianii (R.Kiesling) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2781. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.4.36= Mediolobivia spiralisepala Schütz in Kaktusy (Brno) 11: 51. 1975 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia spiralisepala (Schütz) Šída, Atlas Kaktusu 21: t. 29. 2006 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#13.4.37= Lobivia einsteinii var. atrospinosa Rausch, Lobivia 85: 32. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia einsteinii var. atrospinosa (Rausch) Šída in Kaktusy (Brno) 28: 124. 1992

Syn.#13.4.38= Lobivia euanthema var. tilcarensis Rausch, Lobivia 85: 36. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. WFO 2019 Rebutia tilcarensis (Rausch) Šída, Rod Rebutia: 24. 1997 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia oculata subsp. tilcarensis (Rausch) Mosti in Cactus & Co. 4: 46. 2000 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera oculata subsp. tilcarensis (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2782. 2011, nom. inval. syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.4.39= Rebutia fischeriana Slaba in Kaktusy (Brno) 38: 69. 2002 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera fischeriana (Slaba) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2781. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.4.40= Rebutia brighignae Mosti & Papini, Mosti & Papini in Cactus & Co. 9. 2005: 60 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera brighignae (Mosti & Papini) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2780. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Acc.#13.5.1 Aylostera eos (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2769-2785. 2011. Sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.5.1Rebutia eos Rausch in Succulenta (Netherlands) 51(1): 2. 1972 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Lobivia haagei var. eos (Rausch) Rausch, Lobivia 85: 57. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.5.2= Rebutia leucanthema Rausch in Kakteen And. Sukk. 26: 125. 1975 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Aylostera leucanthema (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2782. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.5.3= Rebutia violascens F.Ritter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 28(4): 76. 1977 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Lobivia haagei var. violascens (F.Ritter) Rausch, Lobivia 85: 57. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera violascens (F.Ritter) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2784. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Acc.#13.6.1 Aylostera malochii (Slaba & Lad.Fisch.) Ritz in Plant Syst. Evol. 302(7): 777. 2016. Sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.6.1Rebutia malochii Slaba & Lad.Fisch. in Kaktusy (Brno) 45: 11. 2009 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Acc.#13.7.1 Aylostera mamillosa (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2769–2785. 2011. Sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.7.1Rebutia mamillosa Rausch in Succulenta (Netherlands) 51(4): 69. 1972 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.7.2= Rebutia froehlichiana Rausch in Succulenta (Netherlands) 54: 226. 1975 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera froehlichiana (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2781. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.7.3= Rebutia supthutiana Rausch in Kakteen And. Sukk. 27: 121. 1976 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Aylostera supthutiana (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2779. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Acc.#13.8.1 Aylostera pygmaea (R.E.Fr.) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2769–2785. 2011. Sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.1Echinopsis pygmaea R.E.Fr. in Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal. ser. 4, 1(1): 120. 1905 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Rebutia pygmaea (R.E.Fr.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 47, fig. 60. 1922 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Lobivia pygmaea (R.E.Fr.) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 241. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Mediolobivia pygmaea (R.E.Fr.) Krainz in Sukkulentenkunde 1: 19. 1947 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.2= Echinocactus steinmannii Solms in Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 2. Abt. 65(Abt. 1): 133, fig. 4, 10. 1907 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2007) Rebutia steinmannii (Solms) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 47. 1922 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Lobivia steinmannii (Solms) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 243. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2007) Mediolobivia steinmannii (Solms) Krainz in Sukkulentenkunde 1: 19. 1947 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Aylostera steinmannii (Solms) Backeb., Cactaceae 3: 1528. 1959 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.3= Rebutia peterseimii Frič ex Kreuz. in Möller's Deutsche Gärtn.-Zeitung 44: 254. 1929 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia nigricans var. peterseimii (Frič ex Kreuz.) Rausch, Lobivia 85: 100. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia nigricans var. peterseimii (Frič ex Kreuz.) Mosti in Cactus & Co. 4: 44. 2000, nom. illeg. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#13.8.4= Rebutia haagei Frič & Schelle in Kaktusář 1: 88. 1930 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Rebulobivia haagei Frič & Schelle ex Backeb. & F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 243. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Digitorebutia haagei (Frič & Schelle) Frič ex Buining in Succulenta (Netherlands) 22: 52. 1940 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Mediolobivia haagei (Frič & Schelle) Backeb. in Cactaceae (Berlin) 1941(2): 35. 1942 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Mediolobivia haagei (Frič & Schelle) Backeb. ex Krainz in Sukkulentenkunde 1: 18. 1947 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Acantholobivia haagei (Frič & Schelle) Y.Itô, Explan. Diagr. Austroechinocactinae: 131. 1957 syn. sec. Tropicos Aylostera haagei (Frič & Schelle) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2781. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Lobivia haagei (Frič & Schelle) Wessner syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.5= Rebutia costata Werderm. in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 225. 1934 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Digitorebutia costata (Werderm.) Buining in Succulenta (Netherlands) 22: 53. 1940 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Lobivia costata (Werderm.) Wessner in Kakteenkunde 1940: 28. 1940 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Mediolobivia costata (Werderm.) Krainz in Sukkulentenkunde 1: 19. 1947 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Lobivia steinmannii var. costata (Werderm.) Rausch, Lobivia 85: 129. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Rebutia steinmannii var. costata (Werderm.) Mosti in Cactus & Co. 4: 91. 2000 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.6= Lobivia atrovirens Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 242, 414. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Digitorebutia atrovirens (Backeb.) Buining in Succulenta (Netherlands) 22: 52. 1940 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Mediolobivia atrovirens (Backeb.) Backeb. in Sukkulentenkunde 1: 18. 1947 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Mediolobivia haagei var. atrovirens (Backeb.) Donald in Cactus (Paris) 40: 39. 1954 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Digitorebutia haagei var. atrovirens (Backeb.) Donald in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 12: 11. 1957 Mediolobivia pectinata var. atrovirens (Backeb.) Backeb., Cactaceae 4: 1506. 1960 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia pygmaea f. atrovirens (Backeb.) Buining & Donald in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 102. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia atrovirens (Backeb.) Sida, Atlas Kakt. 10: 40. 1995 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera atrovirens (Backeb.) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2780. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.7= Lobivia digitiformis Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 242, 414. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Digitorebutia digitiformis (Backeb.) Buining in Succulenta (Netherlands) 22: 52. 1940 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Mediolobivia digitiformis (Backeb.) Backeb. in Sukkulentenkunde 1: 19. 1947 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Mediolobivia haagei var. digitiformis (Backeb.) Donald in Cactus (Paris) 40: 39. 1954 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mediolobivia pectinata var. digitiformis (Backeb.) Backeb., Cactaceae 4: 1506. 1960 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#13.8.8= Lobivia eucaliptana Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 242, 414. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Mediolobivia eucaliptana (Backeb.) Krainz in Sukkulentenkunde 1: 19. 1947 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Mediolobivia costata var. eucaliptana (Backeb.) Donald in Cactus (Paris) 40: 39. 1954 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Digitorebutia eucaliptana (Backeb.) Buining in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1957: 53. 1957 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Digitorebutia costata var. eucaliptana (Backeb.) Donald in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 12: 11. 1957 Rebutia costata f. eucaliptana (Backeb.) Buining & Donald in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 102. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia eucaliptana (Backeb.) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 602. 1980 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Rebutia steinmannii var. eucaliptana (Backeb.) Šída, Rod Rebutia: 27. 1997 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#13.8.9= Lobivia neohaageana Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 243. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#13.8.10= Lobivia neohaageana var. flavovirens Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 415. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mediolobivia pygmaea var. flavovirens (Backeb.) Backeb., Cactaceae 3: 1503. 1960 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia pygmaea f. flavovirens (Backeb.) Buining & Donald in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 102. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia haagei f. flavovirens (Backeb.) Šída, Rod Rebutia: 25. 1997 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#13.8.11= Lobivia nigrispina Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 414. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#13.8.12= Lobivia orurensis Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 243, 415. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Digitorebutia orurensis (Backeb.) Buining in Succulenta (Netherlands) 22: 52. 1940 Mediolobivia orurensis (Backeb.) Backeb. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 51: 65. 1942 Mediolobivia haagei var. orurensis (Backeb.) Donald in Cactus (Paris) 40: 39. 1954 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Digitorebutia haagei var. orurensis (Backeb.) Donald in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 12: 11. 1957 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mediolobivia pectinata var. orurensis (Backeb.) Backeb., Cactaceae 3: 1505. 1959 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Rebutia orurensis (Backeb.) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 594. 1980 Rebutia haagei var. orurensis (Backeb.) Šída in Kaktusy (Brno) 26: 19. 1990 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Aylostera orurensis (Backeb.) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2783. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.13= Lobivia pectinata Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 243, 415. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Schlumpberger (2021) Digitorebutia pectinata (Backeb.) Buining in Succulenta (Netherlands) 22: 52. 1940 syn. sec. Schlumpberger (2021) Mediolobivia pectinata Backeb. ex Krainz in Sukkulentenkunde 1: 19. 1947 syn. sec. Schlumpberger (2021) Mediolobivia haagei var. pectinata (Backeb.) Donald in Cactus (Paris) 40: 39. 1954 syn. sec. Schlumpberger (2021) Digitorebutia haagei var. pectinata (Backeb.) Donald in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 12: 11. 1957 syn. sec. Schlumpberger (2021) Rebutia pygmaea var. pectinata (Backeb.) Šída, Rod Rebutia: 26. 1997 syn. sec. Schlumpberger (2021)

Syn.#13.8.14= Lobivia brachyantha Wessner in Kakteen And. Sukk. 1937: 129, 207. 1937 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Digitorebutia brachyantha (Wessner) Buining in Succulenta (Netherlands) 22: 53. 1940 Mediolobivia brachyantha (Wessner) Krainz in Sukkulentenkunde 1: 19. 1947 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia brachyantha (Wessner) Buining & Donald in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 102. 1963 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Lobivia steinmannii var. brachyantha (Wessner) Rausch, Lobivia 85: 129. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Rebutia steinmannii subsp. brachyantha (Wessner) Mosti in Cactus & Co. 4: 93. 2000 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Aylostera brachyantha (Wessner) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2780. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.15= Lobivia nigricans Wessner in Kakteenkunde 1940: 51. 1940 Mediolobivia nigricans (Wessner) Krainz in Sukkulentenkunde 1: 19. 1947 Rebutia ritteri var. nigricans (Wessner) Buining & Donald in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 103. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia nigricans (Wessner) D.R.Hunt in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 4: 6. 1997 Aylostera nigricans (Wessner) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2782. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.16= Mediolobivia haagei var. flavovirens Backeb. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 23: 81. 1951 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#13.8.17= Mediolobivia haefneriana Cullmann in Kakteen And. Sukk. 6(2): 119. 1955 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Digitorebutia haefneriana (Cullmann) Donald in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 12: 10. 1957 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Rebutia pygmaea f. haefneriana (Cullmann) Buining & Donald in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 103. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia atrovirens var. haefneriana (Cullmann) Rausch, Lobivia 85: 12. 1987 ["1985"] Rebutia haefneriana (Cullmann) Šída, Rod Rebutia: 28. 1997 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera haefneriana (Cullmann) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2781. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.18= Mediolobivia fuauxiana Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 31. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia pygmaea f. fuauxiana (Backeb.) Buining & Donald in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 103. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia fuauxiana (Backeb.) Šída, Rod Rebutia: 28. 1997 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#13.8.19= Mediolobivia pectinata var. neosteinmannii Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 30. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia pygmaea f. neosteinmannii (Backeb.) Buining & Donald in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 27: 40. 1965 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#13.8.20= Rebutia brunescens Rausch in Kakteen And. Sukk. 23(9): 235. 1972 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera brunescens (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2777. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.21= Rebutia christinae Rausch in Kakteen And. Sukk. 26(7): 145. 1975 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Lobivia steinmannii var. christinae (Rausch) Rausch, Lobivia 85: 129. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera christinae (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2780. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.22= Rebutia diersiana Rausch in Kakteen And. Sukk. 26(2): 25. 1975 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Lobivia pygmaea var. diersiana (Rausch) Rausch, Lobivia 85: 116. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia pygmaea var. diersiana (Rausch) Lodé in Cact. Avent. 16: 17. 1992 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Aylostera diersiana (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2781. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.23= Rebutia diersiana var. atrovirens Rausch in Kakteen And. Sukk. 26(2): 26. 1975 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Rebutia diersiana subsp. atrovirens (Rausch) Mosti in Cactus & Co. 3: 205. 1999 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Aylostera diersiana subsp. atrovirens (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2781. 2011 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#13.8.24= Rebutia camargoensis Rausch in Succulenta (Netherlands) 55: 42. 1976 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Lobivia steinmannii var. camargoensis (Rausch) Rausch, Lobivia 85: 129. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera camargoensis (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2780. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.25= Rebutia canacruzensis Rausch in Kakteen And. Sukk. 27(3): 49. 1976 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Lobivia haagei var. canacruzensis (Rausch) Rausch, Lobivia 85: 56. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Aylostera canacruzensis (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2780. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.26= Rebutia cincinnata Rausch in Kakteen And. Sukk. 27(1): 4. 1976 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Rebutia steinmannii var. cincinnata (Rausch) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 602. 1980 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia steinmannii var. cincinnata (Rausch) Rausch, Lobivia 85: 129. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera cincinnata (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2781. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.27= Rebutia friedrichiana Rausch in Succulenta (Netherlands) 55(6): 103. 1976 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Lobivia pygmaea var. friedrichiana (Rausch) Rausch, Lobivia 85: 116. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia pygmaea var. friedrichiana (Rausch) M.Erikss. in Kaktus (Odense) 23(4): 81. 1988 syn. sec. Tropicos Aylostera friedrichiana (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2781. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Lobivia pygymaea var. friedrichiana (Rausch) Rausch, Lobivia 85: 116. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. TPL (2013) [is misspelling for Lobivia pygmaea var. friedrichiana (Rausch) Rausch]

Syn.#13.8.28= Rebutia mudanensis Rausch in Kakteen And. Sukk. 27(8): 169. 1976 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Lobivia haagei var. mudanensis (Rausch) Rausch, Lobivia 85: 57. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia pygmaea var. mudanensis (Rausch) Lodé in Cact. Avent. 16: 17. 1992 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia haagei subsp. mudanensis (Rausch) Mosti in Cactus & Co. 4: 37. 2000 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Aylostera haagei subsp. mudanensis (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2781. 2011 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#13.8.29= Rebutia brunneoradicata F.Ritter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 28(4): 77. 1977 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Aylostera brunneoradicata (F.Ritter) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2780. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.30= Rebutia colorea F.Ritter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 28(4): 78. 1977 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Lobivia pygmaea var. colorea (F.Ritter) Rausch, Lobivia 85: 116. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia pygmaea var. colorea (F.Ritter) Lodé in Cact. Avent. 16: 17. 1992 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Aylostera colorea (F.Ritter) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2781. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.31= Rebutia gracilispina F.Ritter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 28(4): 76. 1977 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#13.8.32= Rebutia huasiensis Rausch in Kakteen And. Sukk. 28(2): 25. 1977 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Lobivia atrovirens var. huasiensis (Rausch) Rausch, Lobivia 85: 13. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Aylostera huasiensis (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2782. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.33= Rebutia iridescens F.Ritter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 28(4): 76. 1977 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera iridescens (F.Ritter) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2782. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.34= Rebutia iscayachensis Rausch in Succulenta (Netherlands) 56(12): 3. 1977 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Lobivia pygmaea var. iscayachensis (Rausch) Rausch, Lobivia 85: 116. 1987 ["1985"] Rebutia pygmaea var. iscayachensis (Rausch) Lodé in Cact. Avent. 16: 17. 1992 Aylostera iscayachensis (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2782. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.35= Rebutia lanosiflora F.Ritter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 28(4): 77. 1977 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#13.8.36= Rebutia leucanthema var. cocciniflora F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 56: 63. 1977 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#13.8.37= Rebutia mixta F.Ritter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 28(4): 76. 1977 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#13.8.38= Rebutia mixticolor F.Ritter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 28(4): 77. 1977 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera mixticolor (F.Ritter) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2782. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.39= Rebutia odontopetala F.Ritter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 28: 76. 1977 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#13.8.40= Rebutia pallida Rausch in Succulenta (Netherlands) 56(10): 34. 1977 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Lobivia haagei var. pallida (Rausch) Rausch, Lobivia 85: 57. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Aylostera pallida (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2783. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.41= Rebutia pauciareolata F.Ritter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 28(4): 77. 1977 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Aylostera pauciareolata (F.Ritter) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2783. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.42= Rebutia paucicostata F.Ritter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 28(4): 77. 1977 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#13.8.43= Rebutia poecilantha F.Ritter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 28: 77. 1977 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#13.8.44= Rebutia potosina F.Ritter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 28: 77. 1977 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#13.8.45= Rebutia rauschii Zecher in Kakteen And. Sukk. 28(4): 73. 1977 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Lobivia steinmannii var. rauschii (Zecher) Rausch, Lobivia 85: 129. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.46= Rebutia rosalbiflora F.Ritter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 28(4): 76. 1977 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#13.8.47= Rebutia rosalbiflora var. amblypetala F.Ritter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 28: 76. 1977 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Rebutia amblypetala (F.Ritter) Mosti in Cactus & Co. 3: 196. 1999 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera amblypetala (F.Ritter) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2780. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.48= Rebutia rutiliflora F.Ritter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 28(4): 76. 1977 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.49= Rebutia salpingantha F.Ritter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 28(4): 77. 1977 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#13.8.50= Rebutia torquata F.Ritter & Buining in Succulenta (Netherlands) 56(3): 63. 1977 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Aylostera torquata (F.Ritter & Buining) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2783. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.51= Rebutia tropaeolipicta F.Ritter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 28(4): 78. 1977 Aylostera tropaeolipicta (F.Ritter) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2784. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.52= Rebutia zecheri Rausch in Succulenta (Netherlands) 56(2): 30. 1977 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Lobivia atrovirens var. zecheri (Rausch) Rausch, Lobivia 85: 13. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera zecheri (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2784. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.53= Rebutia carmeniana Rausch in Kakteen And. Sukk. 29(5): 105. 1978 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Lobivia nigricans var. carmeniana (Rausch) Rausch, Lobivia 85: 100. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Rebutia nigricans subsp. carmeniana (Rausch) Mosti in Cactus & Co. 4: 44. 2000 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Aylostera carmeniana (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2780. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.54= Digitorebutia nazarenoensis Rausch in Succulenta (Netherlands) 58: 186. 1979 Rebutia nazarenoensis (Rausch) B.Fearn & Pearcy, Gen. Rebutia: 71. 1981 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia haagei var. nazarenoensis (Rausch) Rausch, Lobivia 85: 57. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Rebutia pygmaea var. nazarenoensis (Rausch) Lodé in Cact. Avent. 16: 17. 1992 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera nazarenoensis (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2782. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.55= Rebutia diersiana var. minor Rausch in Succulenta (Netherlands) 58(11): 258. 1979 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Rebutia minor (Rausch) Mosti in Cactus & Co. 4: 42. 2000 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera minor (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2782. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.56= Rebutia yuquinensis Rausch in Kakteen And. Sukk. 31(10): 307. 1980 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Lobivia atrovirens var. yuquinensis (Rausch) Rausch, Lobivia 85: 13. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Aylostera yuquinensis (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2784. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Digitorebutia yuquinensis (Rausch) Rausch, Lobivia 85: 13. 1987 ["1985"], nom. inval. syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#13.8.57= Rebutia villazonensis F.H.Brandt in Kakteen Orch. Rundschau 1983(2): 16. 1983 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#13.8.58= Lobivia atrovirens var. pseudoritteri Rausch, Lobivia 85: 13. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Rebutia pseudoritteri (Rausch) Šída, Rod Rebutia: 28. 1997 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Rebutia atrovirens var. pseudoritteri (Rausch) Mosti in Cactus & Co. 3: 198. 1999 Aylostera pseudoritteri (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2783. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.59= Lobivia atrovirens var. yuncharasensis Rausch, Lobivia 85: 137. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Rebutia yuncharasensis (Rausch) Šída, Rod Rebutia: 29. 1997 Aylostera yuncharasensis (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2784. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.60= Lobivia haagei var. crassa Rausch, Lobivia 85: 140. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Rebutia crassa (Rausch) Šída, Rod Rebutia: 26. 1997 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera crassa (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2781. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.61= Lobivia haagei var. elegantula Rausch, Lobivia 85: 57. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Rebutia elegantula (Rausch) Šída, Rod Rebutia: 25. 1997 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Rebutia haagei var. elegantula (Rausch) Mosti in Cactus & Co. 4: 37. 2000 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Aylostera haagei subsp. elegantula (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2781. 2011 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#13.8.62= Lobivia haagei var. pelzliana Rausch, Lobivia 85: 57, 140. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Rebutia pelzliana (Rausch) Šída, Rod Rebutia: 26. 1997 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera pelzliana (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2783. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.63= Lobivia nigricans var. albispina Rausch, Lobivia 85: 100. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Tropicos Rebutia albispina (Rausch) Šída, Rod Rebutia: 29. 1997 syn. sec. Tropicos Rebutia nigricans var. albispina (Rausch) Mosti in Cactus & Co. 4: 44. 2000 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Aylostera nigricans subsp. albispina (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2782. 2011 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#13.8.64= Lobivia pygmaea var. knizei Rausch, Lobivia 85: 144, 116. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Rebutia knizei (Rausch) Šída, Rod Rebutia: 26. 1997 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera knizei (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2782. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.65= Lobivia pygmaea var. minor Rausch, Lobivia 85: 116. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.66= Lobivia pygmaea var. nigrescens Rausch, Lobivia 85: 116. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.67= Lobivia pygmaea var. polypetala Rausch, Lobivia 85: 144. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Rebutia polypetala (Rausch) Šída, Rod Rebutia: 27. 1997 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera polypetala (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2783. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.68= Lobivia pygmaea var. tafnaensis Rausch, Lobivia 85: 144. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Rebutia tafnaensis (Rausch) Šída, Rod Rebutia: 27. 1997 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera tafnaensis (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2783. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.69= Lobivia pygmaea var. violaceostaminata Rausch, Lobivia 85: 144. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Rebutia violaceostaminata (Rausch) Šída, Rod Rebutia: 27. 1997 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera violaceostaminata (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2784. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.70= Lobivia steinmannii var. applanata Rausch, Lobivia 85: 145. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Rebutia applanata (Rausch) Šída, Rod Rebutia: 27. 1997 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera applanata (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2780. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.71= Lobivia steinmannii var. leucacantha Rausch, Lobivia 85: 145. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Rebutia leucacantha (Rausch) Šída, Rod Rebutia: 27. 1997 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Rebutia steinmannii var. leucacantha (Rausch) Mosti in Cactus & Co. 4: 91. 2000 Aylostera leucacantha (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2782. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.72= Lobivia steinmannii var. major Rausch, Lobivia 85: 146. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Rebutia major (Rausch) Šída, Rod Rebutia: 27. 1997 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera major (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2782. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.73= Lobivia steinmannii var. melanocentra Rausch, Lobivia 85: 146. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Rebutia melanocentra (Rausch) Šída, Rod Rebutia: 28. 1997 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Rebutia steinmannii var. melanocentra (Rausch) Mosti in Cactus & Co. 4: 92. 2000 Aylostera melanocentra (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2782. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.74= Lobivia steinmannii var. parvula Rausch, Lobivia 85: 146. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Rebutia parvula (Rausch) Šída, Rod Rebutia: 28. 1997 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera parvula (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2783. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.75= Lobivia steinmannii var. tuberculata Rausch, Lobivia 85: 145. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Rebutia tuberculata (Rausch) Šída, Rod Rebutia: 27. 1997 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Rebutia steinmannii var. tuberculata (Rausch) Mosti in Cactus & Co. 4: 92. 2000 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Aylostera tuberculata (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2784. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.76= Rebutia nigricans var. peterseimii Buining & Donald ex Šída, Rod Rebutia: 29. 1997 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#13.8.77= Rebutia gavazzii Mosti in Cactus & Co. 3: 207. 1999 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera gavazzii (Mosti) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2781. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.78= Rebutia marieae Lad.Fisch. & Halda in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 9: 71. 2002 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera marieae (Lad.Fisch. & Halda) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2782. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.79= Rebutia odehnalii Halda, Šeda & Šorma in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 9: 72. 2002 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera odehnalii (Halda, Šeda & Šorma) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2783. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.80= Rebutia raffaellii Mosti & Papini, Mosti & Papini in Cactus & Co. 9. 2005: 56 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera raffaellii (Mosti & Papini) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2783. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.81= Rebutia rovidana Mosti & Papini, Mosti & Papini in Cactus & Co. 9. 2005: 58 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera rovidana (Mosti & Papini) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2783. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.82= Rebutia albidula Slaba, Šorma & Lad.Fisch. in Kaktusy (Brno) 47(3): 77. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.8.83= Rebutia gavazzii subsp. gertii V.Gapon in Kaktus-Klub, n.s. 4(2): 76. 2020 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Acc.#13.9.1 Aylostera tuberosa (F.Ritter) Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 5. 1963. Sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.9.1Rebutia tuberosa F.Ritter in Taxon 12: 28. 1963 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.9.2= Rebutia tarijensis Rausch in Kakteen And. Sukk. 26(9): 195. 1975 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera tarijensis (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2779. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.9.3= Rebutia tarvitaensis F.Ritter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 28: 78. 1977 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera tarvitaensis (F.Ritter) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2779. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Syn.#13.9.4= Rebutia sumayana Rausch in Succulenta (Netherlands) 65: 74. 1986 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016) Aylostera sumayana (Rausch) Mosti & Papini in Pakistan J. Bot. 43: 2779. 2011 syn. sec. Ritz & al. (2016)

Acc.#14. Aztekium Boed. in Monatsschr. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 1: 52. 1929. Sec. Vázquez-Sánchez & al. (2013) Type: Aztekium ritteri (Boed.) Boed.

Notes. – The genus contains only three species; two of them (A. ritteri and A. hintonii Glass & W. A. Fitz Maur.) have been found well supported as sisters to each other (Vázquez-Sánchez & al. 2013). [Hernández-Ledesma & al. (2015)]

Acc.#14.1.1 Aztekium hintonii Glass & W.A.Fitz Maur. in Cact. Suc. Mex. 37(1): 13. 1992. Sec. Hernández & Gómez-Hinostrosa (2011)

Syn.#14.1.1×Aztekonia hintonii (Glass & W.A.Fitz Maur.) Mottram in Cactician 5: 15. 2014 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#14.2.1 Aztekium ritteri (Boed.) Boed. in Monatsschr. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 1: 52. 1929. Sec. Hernández & Gómez-Hinostrosa (2011)

Syn.#14.2.1Echinocactus ritteri Boed. in Z. Sukkulentenk.: 305. 1928 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#14.3.1 Aztekium valdezii Velazco, M.A.Alvarado & S.Arias in Xerophilia special issue 2: 5. 2013. Sec. Velazco Macías & al. (2013)

Acc.#15. Bergerocactus Britton & Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 435. 1909. Sec. Arias & al. (2005) Type: Bergerocactus emoryi (Engelm.) Britton & Rose

Notes. – Bergerocactus is a monotypic genus within the Pachycereinae clade, and may be sister to Nyctocereus (Arias & al. 2005). Bergerocactus emoryi represents a unique tetraploid taxon, with the possibility of hybridizing with Myrtillocactus and Pachycereus in the floristic province of Baja California, where it is endemic. [Arias (2021)]

Acc.#15.1.1 Bergerocactus emoryi (Engelm.) Britton & Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 474. 1909. Sec. Hernández & GómezHinostrosa (2011)

Syn.#15.1.1Cereus emoryi Engelm. in Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, 14: 338. 1852 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocereus emoryi (Engelm.) Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 804. 1885 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#16. Blossfeldia Werderm. in Kakteenkunde 1937: 162. 1937. Sec. Hunt (2006) Type: Blossfeldia liliputana Werderm.

Notes. – The monotypic peculiar genus Blossfeldia was repeatedly found as sister to the rest of the Cactoideae with high support (Nyffeler 2002; Bárcenas & al. 2011, Hernández-Hernández & al. 2011). [Korotkova & al. (2021)]

Acc.#16.1.1 Blossfeldia liliputana Werderm. in Kakteenkunde: 162. 1937. Sec. Anderson (2005)

Syn.#16.1.1Parodia liliputana (Werderm.) N.P.Taylor in Bradleya 5: 93. 1987 syn. sec. Anderson (2005)

Syn.#16.1.2= Blossfeldia atroviridis F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 44: 23. 1965 syn. sec. Anderson (2005) Blossfeldia liliputana var. atroviridis (F.Ritter) Krainz, Kakteen 63: CVIe. 1975 syn. sec. Anderson (2005)

Syn.#16.1.3= Blossfeldia pedicellata F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 44: 23. 1965 syn. sec. Anderson (2005) Blossfeldia liliputana var. pedicellata (F.Ritter) Krainz, Kakteen 63: CVIe. 1975 syn. sec. Anderson (2005)

Syn.#16.1.4= Blossfeldia atroviridis var. intermedia F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 551. 1980 syn. sec. Anderson (2005)

Syn.#16.1.5= Blossfeldia liliputana var. formosa F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 435. 1980 syn. sec. Anderson (2005)

Syn.#16.1.6= Blossfeldia minima F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 552. 1980 syn. sec. Anderson (2005)

Syn.#16.1.7= Blossfeldia fechseri Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3909. 1962 syn. sec. Anderson (2005) Blossfeldia liliputana var. fechseri (Backeb.) Krainz, Kakteen 63: CVIe. 1975, nom. inval. syn. sec. Anderson (2005) Blossfeldia liliputana f. fechseri (Backeb.) Krainz, Kat. ZSS, ed. 2: 39. 1967, nom. inval. syn. sec. Anderson (2005)

Syn.#16.1.8= Blossfeldia liliputana var. caineana Cárdenas in Cactus (Paris) 82: 53. 1964 syn. sec. Anderson (2005) Blossfeldia minima var. caineana (Cárdenas) Hort. Knize, KK Index Cact.: 35. 1987, nom. inval. syn. sec. Eggli (2021)

Syn.#16.1.9Blossfeldia campaniflora Backeb. in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 21: 32. 1959, nom. inval. syn. sec. Anderson (2005) Blossfeldia liliputana var. campaniflora (Backeb.) Krainz, Kakteen 63: CVIe. 1975, nom. inval. syn. sec. Anderson (2005) Blossfeldia liliputana f. campaniflora (Backeb.) Krainz, Kat. ZSS, ed. 2: 39. 1967, nom. inval. syn. sec. Anderson (2005)

Syn.#16.1.10Blossfeldia flocculosa F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 435. 1980, nom. inval. syn. sec. Anderson (2005)

Syn.#16.1.11Blossfeldia mizqueana Hort. Knize, KK, Index Cact.: 35. 1987, nom. inval. syn. sec. Eggli (2021)

Syn.#16.1.12Blossfeldia subterranea Hort. Knize, KK, Index Cact.: 35. 1987, nom. inval. syn. sec. Eggli (2021)

Syn.#16.1.13Blossfeldia sucrensis Hort. Knize, KK, Index Cact.: 35. 1987, nom. inval. syn. sec. Anderson (2005)

Syn.#16.1.14Blossfeldia tominensis Hort. Knize, KK, Index Cact.: 35. 1987, nom. inval. syn. sec. Eggli (2021)

Acc.#17. Borzicactus Riccob. in Boll. Reale Orto Bot. Palermo 8: 261. 1909. Sec. Hunt (2016) Type: Borzicactus ventimigliae Riccob.

Syn.#17.g1= Borzicereus Frič & Kreuz. in Kreuzinger, Verzeichnis Amer. Sukk. Rev. Syst. Kakteen: 39. 1935, nom. illeg. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#17.0.15= Clistanthocereus Backeb. in Cactaceae (Berlin) 1937(1): 24. 1937 syn. sec. Hunt (2006). Type: Clistanthocereus fieldianus (Britton & Rose) Backeb.

Syn.#17.0.16= Seticereus Backeb. in Kakteen And. Sukk. 1: 37. 1937 syn. sec. Hunt (2006). Type: Seticereus icosagonus (Kunth) Backeb.

Syn.#17.0.17= Maritimocereus Akers & Buining in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1950: 49. 1950 [as "Maritinocereus"] syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#17.0.18= Akersia Buining in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1961: 25. 1961 syn. sec. Schlumpberger & Renner (2012). Type: Akersia roseiflora Buining

Syn.#17.0.19= Borzicactella H.Johnson ex F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1385. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2006). Type: Borzicactella tenuiserpens (Rauh & Backeb.) F.Ritter

Syn.#17.0.20= Maritinocereus Akers & Buining in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1950: 49. 1950 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Notes. – Borzicactus is reinstated based on the results of Schlumpberger & Renner (2012). Its circumscription has been the subject of some debate, as summarized by Bregman (1992). The exact delimitation of Borzicactus and the genera currently included or considered related to it is still unclear. [Hernández-Ledesma & al. (2015)]

Acc.#17.1.1 Borzicactus acanthurus (Vaupel) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 161. 1920. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#17.1.1Cereus acanthurus Vaupel in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50(2-3, Beibl. 111): 13. 1913 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Loxanthocereus acanthurus (Vaupel) Backeb. in Cactaceae (Berlin) 1937(1): 24. 1937 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Binghamia acanthura (Vaupel) Borg, Cacti, ed. 2: 185. 1951 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Cleistocactus acanthurus (Vaupel) D.R.Hunt in Bradleya 5: 92. 1987 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Echinopsis acanthura (Vaupel) Molinari in Succulentopi@ 13: 18. 2015 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#17.1.2= Cereus eriotrichus Werderm. & Backeb., Neue Kakteen: 80. 1931 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Borzicactus eriotrichus (Werderm. & Backeb.) Backeb. in Kakteen-Freund 3: 121. 1934 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Binghamia eriotricha (Werderm. & Backeb.) Borg, Cacti, ed. 2: 185. 1951 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#17.1.3= Loxanthocereus eriotrichus Backeb., Neue Kakteen: 80. 1931 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#17.1.4= Loxanthocereus keller-badensis Backeb. & Krainz in Sukkulentenkunde 2: 22. 1948 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Borzicactus keller-badensis (Backeb. & Krainz) Krainz, Städtische Sukkulentensammlung Zürich, Kat. Kult. Stehenden Art., ed. 2: 39. 1967 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#17.1.5= Loxanthocereus acanthurus var. ferox Backeb. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 23: 19. 1951 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#17.1.6= Loxanthocereus canetensis Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 16. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cleistocactus acanthurus subsp. canetensis (Rauh & Backeb.) Ostolaza in Cact. World 25: 218. 2007 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinopsis acanthura subsp. canetensis (Rauh & Backeb.) Molinari in Succulentopi@ 13: 18. 2015 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#17.1.7= Loxanthocereus erigens Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 16. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Tropicos Cleistocactus erigens (Rauh & Backeb.) Ostolaza in Cact. World 25: 219. 2007 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinopsis erigens (Rauh & Backeb.) Molinari in Succulentopi@ 13: 19. 2015 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#17.1.8= Loxanthocereus eulalianus Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 14. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#17.1.9= Loxanthocereus cantaensis Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 314. 1958 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#17.1.10= Loxanthocereus eulaliensis Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 317. 1958 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#17.1.11= Loxanthocereus gracilispinus Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 307. 1958 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#17.1.12= Loxanthocereus multifloccosus Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 309. 1958 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#17.1.13= Loxanthocereus pullatus var. brevispinus Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 316. 1958 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#17.1.14= Loxanthocereus cullmannianus Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3674. 1962 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#17.1.15= Loxanthocereus neglectus F.Ritter in Taxon 13(3): 116. 1964 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#17.1.16= Loxanthocereus neglectus var. chimbotensis F.Ritter in Taxon 13(3): 116. 1964 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#17.1.17= Loxanthocereus bicolor F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1455. 1981 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#17.1.18= Loxanthocereus convergens F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1456. 1981 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#17.1.19= Loxanthocereus eremiticus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1459. 1981 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#17.1.20= Loxanthocereus pacaranensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1468. 1981 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Haageocereus pacaranensis F.Ritter syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#17.1.21= Haageocereus convergens F.Ritter syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#17.1.22= Haageocereus eremiticus F.Ritter syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#17.1.23= Haageocereus imperialensis F.Ritter syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#17.1.24= Haageocereus neglectus F.Ritter syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#17.1.25= Haageocereus pacaranensis var. tenuispinus F.Ritter syn. sec. Tropicos

Acc.#17.2.1 Borzicactus acanthurus subsp. acanthurus. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#17.2.2= Loxanthocereus erectispinus Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 15. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Cleistocactus erectispinus (Rauh & Backeb.) Ostolaza in Brit. Cact. Succ. J. 21: 92. 2003 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Echinopsis erectispina (Rauh & Backeb.) Molinari in Succulentopi@ 13: 19. 2015 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#17.3.1 Borzicactus acanthurus subsp. faustianus (Backeb.) G.J.Charles in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 26: 14. 2012. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#17.3.1Borzicactus faustianus Backeb. in Desert Pl. Life 5: 4. 1933 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Cereus faustianus Backeb. in KakteenFreund 1: 53. 1933 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Loxanthocereus faustianus (Backeb.) Backeb. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 51: 65. 1942 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Cleistocactus acanthurus var. faustianus (Backeb.) Ostolaza in Brit. Cact. Succ. J. 14: 171. 1996 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Haageocereus faustianus (Backeb.) F.Ritter, Neue Peru. Kakt.: 14. 1958 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Cleistocactus acanthurus subsp. faustianus (Backeb.) Ostolaza in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 6: 8. 1998 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinopsis acanthura subsp. faustiana (Backeb.) Molinari & Mayta in Succulentopi@ 14: 19. 2015 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#17.4.1 Borzicactus acanthurus subsp. pullatus (Rauh & Backeb.) G.J.Charles in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 26: 14. 2012. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#17.4.1Loxanthocereus pullatus Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 14. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Cleistocactus acanthurus var. pullatus (Rauh & Backeb.) Ostolaza in Brit. Cact. Succ. J. 14: 171. 1996 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Cleistocactus acanthurus subsp. pullatus (Rauh & Backeb.) Ostolaza in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 6: 8. 1998 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Loxanthocereus acanthurus subsp. pullatus (Rauh & Backeb.) Ostolaza in Cact. World 27: 46. 2009 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Echinopsis acanthura subsp. pullata (Rauh & Backeb.) Molinari in Succulentopi@ 13: 18. 2015 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#17.5.1 Borzicactus fieldianus Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 278. 1923. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#17.5.1Clistanthocereus fieldianus (Britton & Rose) Backeb. in Cactaceae (Berlin) 1937(1): 24. 1937 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Cleistocactus fieldianus (Britton & Rose) D.R.Hunt in Bradleya 5: 92. 1987 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Echinopsis fieldiana (Britton & Rose) Molinari in Succulentopi@ 13: 19. 2015 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#17.5.2= Borzicactus calviflorus F.Ritter in Taxon 13: 118. 1964 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Clistanthocereus calviflorus (F.Ritter) Backeb., Kakteenlex.: 91. 1966 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#17.5.3= Borzicactus cajamarcensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1375. 1981 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#17.6.1 Borzicactus fieldianus subsp. fieldianus. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#17.7.1 Borzicactus fieldianus subsp. tessellatus (Akers & Buining) G.J.Charles in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 26: 14. 2012. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#17.7.1Borzicactus tessellatus Akers & Buining in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1954: 81. 1954 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Clistanthocereus tessellatus (Akers & Buining) Backeb., Cactaceae 2: 939. 1959 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Borzicactus fieldianus var. tesselatus (Akers & Buining) Krainz, Städtische Sukkulentensammlung Zürich, Kat. Kult. Stehenden Art., ed. 2: 39. 1967 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Borzicactus fieldianus var. tessellatus (Akers & Buining) Krainz ex F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1377. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Cleistocactus fieldianus subsp. tessellatus (Akers & Buining) Ostolaza in Brit. Cact. Succ. J. 21(2): 92. 2003 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Echinopsis fieldiana subsp. tessellata (Akers & Buining) Molinari & Mayta in Succulentopi@ 14: 19. 2015 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Acc.#17.8.1 Borzicactus hoffmannii (G.J.Charles) G.J.Charles in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 26: 14. 2012. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#17.8.1Cleistocactus hoffmannii G.J.Charles in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 20: 12-13. 2005 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinopsis hoffmannii (G.J.Charles) Molinari in Succulentopi@ 13: 19. 2015 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#17.8.2= Loxanthocereus hoffmannii F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1461. 1981 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#17.9.1 Borzicactus hoxeyi G.J.Charles in Bradleya 31: 27. 2013. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#17.9.1Loxanthocereus hoxeyi (G.J.Charles) Lodé in Cact.-Avent. Int. 101: 14. 2014 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Acc.#17.10.1 Borzicactus hutchisonii G.J.Charles in Bradleya 28: 3, 7, figs. 4-11, map. 2010. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#17.11.1 Borzicactus hystrix (Rauh & Backeb.) G.J.Charles in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 26: 14. 2012. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#17.11.1Loxanthocereus hystrix Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 15. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Cleistocactus hystrix (Rauh & Backeb.) Ostolaza in Brit. Cact. Succ. J. 16(3): 133. 1998 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#17.11.2= Loxanthocereus clavispinus Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 15. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Cleistocactus clavispinus (Rauh & Backeb.) Ostolaza in Brit. Cact. Succ. J. 16(3): 133. 1998 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#17.11.3= Loxanthocereus peculiaris Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 16. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Haageocereus peculiaris (Rauh & Backeb.) F.Ritter, Neue Peru. Kakt.: 14, 36. 1958 syn. sec. Tropicos Cleistocactus peculiaris (Rauh & Backeb.) Ostolaza in Brit. Cact. Succ. J. 16: 129. 1998 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Echinopsis peculiaris (Rauh & Backeb.) Molinari & Mayta in Succulentopi@ 14: 20. 2015 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Cleistocactus peduliaris (Rauh & Backeb.)

Acc.#17.12.1 Ostolaza syn. sec. Hunt (2016) [is misspelling for Cleistocactus peculiaris (Rauh & Backeb.) Ostolaza]

Syn.#17.12.2= Loxanthocereus ferrugineus Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 306. 1958 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#17.12.3= Loxanthocereus hystrix var. brunnescens Rauh in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 1958: 312. 1958 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#17.12.4= Loxanthocereus deserticola F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1458. 1981 syn. sec. Tropicos Haageocereus deserticola F.Ritter syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#17.12.5= Loxanthocereus montanus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1463. 1981 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#17.12.6= Haageocereus andinus F.Ritter syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#17.12.7= Haageocereus hystrix F.Ritter syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#17.12.8= Haageocereus montanus F.Ritter syn. sec. Tropicos

Acc.#17.13.1 Borzicactus icosagonus (Kunth) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 160. 1920. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#17.13.1Cactus icosagonus Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 6: 67. 1823 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Cereus icosagonus (Kunth) DC., Prodr. 3: 467. 1828 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cleistocactus icosagonus (Kunth) F.A.C.Weber in Roland-Gosselin, Cleistocactus: 6. 1904 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Binghamia icosagona (Kunth) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 197. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Seticereus icosagonus (Kunth) Backeb. in Cactaceae (Berlin) 1937(2): 14. 1937 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Matucana icosagona (Kunth) Buxb. in Krainz, Kakteen 54: C V b. 1973 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#17.13.2= Cereus isogonus K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 102. 1897 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#17.13.3= Cereus aurivillus K.Schum. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 13: 67. 1903 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Borzicactus aurivillus (K.Schum.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 153. 1920 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Binghamia aurivilla (K.Schum.) Backeb. in J. Cact. Succ. Soc. Amer. 4: 388. 1933 syn. sec. IPNI: 6 sept 2020 Seticereus aurivillus Backeb. in Cactaceae (Berlin) 1937(2): 14. 1937 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Binghamia aurivilla Backeb., nom. inval., in obs. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1935(1): 7. 1935, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#17.13.4= Seticereus ferrugineus Backeb. in Cactaceae (Berlin) 1937(2): 14. 1937 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Seticereus oehmianus var. ferrugineus Backeb. in Kakteenkunde 1943: 31. 1943 syn. sec. Tropicos Seticereus icosagonus var. ferruginea (Backeb.) Backeb., Kakteenlex.: 406. 1966 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#17.13.5= Seticereus oehmeanus Backeb. in Cactaceae (Berlin) 1937(2): 14. 1937 Seticereus oehmianus Backeb. in Kakteen And. Sukk. 1: 186. 1937 syn. sec. Tropicos Seticereus icosagonus var. oehmeanus (Backeb.) Backeb., Cactaceae 2: 981. 1959 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#17.13.6= Seticereus icosagonus var. aurantiaciflorus Backeb. in Kakteenkunde 1943: 31. 1943 syn. sec. Tropicos Borzicactus icosagonus f. aurantiaciflorus (Backeb.) Krainz, Kakteen 15: C Vb. 1960 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#17.13.7= Cleistocactus ×crassiserpens Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 17. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Loxanthocereus ×crassiserpens (Rauh & Backeb.) Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3674. 1962 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Borzicactus crassiserpens (Rauh & Backeb.) Lodé in Cact.-Avent. Int. 98(Suppl.): 3. 2013 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Cleistocactus ×crassiserpens Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 321. 1958, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#17.13.8= Loxanthocereus trujilloensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1472. 1981 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#17.14.1 Borzicactus icosagonus subsp. humboldtii (Kunth) G.J.Charles in Bradleya 30: 101. 2012. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#17.14.1Cactus humboldtii Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 6: 66. 1823 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Cereus humboldtii (Kunth) DC., Prodr. 3: 467. 1828 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cleistocactus humboldtii (Kunth) F.A.C.Weber in Roland-Gosselin, Cleistocactus: 5. 1904 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Borzicactus humboldtii (Kunth) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 163. 1920 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Binghamia humboldtii (Kunth) Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1934(10): 8, genus 48, sp. 2. 1934 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Seticereus humboldtii (Kunth) Backeb. in Cactaceae (Berlin) 1937(2): 14. 1937 syn. sec. Tropicos Matucana humboldtii (Kunth) Buxb. in Krainz, Kakteen 54: CVb. 1973 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#17.15.1 Borzicactus icosagonus subsp. icosagonus. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#17.16.1 Borzicactus icosagonus subsp. roseiflorus (Buining) G.J.Charles in Bradleya 30: 101. 2012. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#17.16.1Akersia roseiflora Buining in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1961: 25. 1961 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Cleistocactus roseiflorus (Buining) G.D.Rowley in Brit. Cact. Succ. J. 18: 208. 2000 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#17.17.1 Borzicactus jajoanus Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 194, 411. 1936 ["1935"]. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#17.17.1Loxanthocereus jajoanus (Backeb.) Backeb. in Feddes Repert. 51: 64. 1942 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cleistocactus jajoanus (Backeb.) G.J.Charles in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 20: 13. 2005 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#17.17.2= Loxanthocereus riomajensis Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 319. 1958 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#17.17.3= Echinopsis kellyana Mayta in Succulentopi@ 14: 14. 2015 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#17.18.1 Borzicactus leonensis (Madsen) G.J.Charles in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 26: 14. 2012. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#17.18.1Cleistocactus leonensis Madsen, Fl. Ecuador 35(45): 18. 1989 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Borzicactus sepium subsp. leonensis (Madsen) Guiggi in Cactology 5 (Suppl. II): 5. 2016 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Acc.#17.19.1 Borzicactus longiserpens (Leuenb.) G.J.Charles in Bradleya 28: 7. 2010. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#17.19.1Cleistocactus longiserpens Leuenb. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 124(1): 23. 2002

Syn.#17.19.2= Cactus serpens Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 6: 68. 1823 syn. sec. Leuenberger (2002) Cereus serpens (Kunth) DC., Prodr. 3: 470. 1828 syn. sec. Leuenberger (2002) Cleistocactus serpens (Kunth) F.A.C.Weber in Roland-Gosselin, Cleistocactus: 11. 1904 syn. sec. Leuenberger (2002) Borzicactus serpens (Kunth) Kimnach in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 32: 95. 1960 syn. sec. Leuenberger (2002) Bolivicereus serpens (Kunth) Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3476. 1962 syn. sec. Leuenberger (2002) Borzicactella serpens (Kunth) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1387. 1981 syn. sec. Leuenberger (2002) Echinopsis serpens (Kunth) Molinari in Succulentopi@ 13: 19. 2015 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Acc.#17.20.1 Borzicactus longiserpens subsp. erectus G.J.Charles in Bradleya 28: 8. 2010

Syn.#17.20.1Borzicactella serpens subsp. erecta (G.J.Charles) Guiggi in Cactology 5 (Suppl. II): 1. 2016

Acc.#17.21.1 Borzicactus longiserpens subsp. longisperpens

Acc.#17.22.1 Borzicactus morleyanus Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 160, fig. 230, 231. 1920. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#17.22.1Cleistocactus sepium var. morleyanus (Britton & Rose) Madsen, Fl. Ecuador 35: 21. 1996 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Borzicactus sepium var. morleyanus (Britton & Rose) Krainz, Kakteen 46-48: CVb. 1971 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#17.23.1 Borzicactus neoroezlii F.Ritter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 12: 55. 1961. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#17.23.1Cleistocactus neoroezlii (F.Ritter) Buxb. in Krainz, Kakteen: 57: CVb. 1974, comb. inval. syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#17.23.2= Loxanthocereus sulcifer var. longispinus Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 14. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#17.23.3= Cereus pseudothelegonus Rauh & Backeb. in Backeberg, Cactaceae 2: 1136. 1959 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Borzicactus pseudothelegonus (Rauh & Backeb.) Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 5. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#17.23.4= Loxanthocereus otuscensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1467. 1981 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#17.23.5= Loxanthocereus parvitesselatus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1469. 1981 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#17.24.1 Borzicactus pachycladus (Rauh & Backeb.) G.J.Charles in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 26: 14. 2012. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#17.24.1Loxanthocereus pachycladus Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 16. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Cleistocactus pachycladus (Rauh & Backeb.) Ostolaza in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 6: 8. 1998 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Echinopsis pachyclada (Rauh & Backeb.) Molinari in Succulentopi@ 13: 19. 2015 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#17.24.2= Loxanthocereus piscoensis Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 16. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Borzicactus piscoensis (Rauh & Backeb.) Rauh in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 1958: 291. 1958 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Oreocereus piscoensis (Rauh & Backeb.) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1365. 1981 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#17.24.3= Loxanthocereus yauyosensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1476. 1981 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#17.25.1 Borzicactus plagiostoma (Vaupel) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 163. 1920. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#17.25.1Cereus plagiostoma Vaupel in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50(2-3, Beibl. 111): 20. 1913 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Binghamia plagiostoma (Vaupel) Backeb. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 4: 388. 1933 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Cleistocactus plagiostoma (Vaupel) D.R.Hunt in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 2: 3. 1997 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Echinopsis plagiostoma (Vaupel) Molinari & Mayta in Succulentopi@ 14: 20. 2015 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#17.25.2= Borzicactus samnensis F.Ritter in Taxon 13: 118. 1964 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Clistanthocereus samnensis (F.Ritter) Backeb., Kakteenlex.: 91. 1966 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Cleistocactus fieldianus subsp. samnensis (F.Ritter) Ostolaza in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 6: 8. 1998 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#17.25.3= Borzicactus purpureus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1383. 1981 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#17.26.1 Borzicactus sepium (Kunth) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 160, fig. 229. 1920. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#17.26.1Cactus sepium Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 6: 67. 1823 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920) Cereus sepium (Kunth) DC., Prodr. 3: 467. 1828 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920) Cleistocactus sepium (Kunth) F.A.C.Weber, Rol.-Goss. in Bull. Soc. Centr. Agric. Hort. Acclim. Nice 44: 36. 1904 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920) Cleistocactus sepium var. sepium

Syn.#17.26.2= Cereus roezlii F.Haage ex K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 64. 1897 syn. sec. Jørgensen & al. (2014) Cleistocactus roezlii (F.Haage ex K.Schum.) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 190. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Borzicactus roezlii (F.Haage ex K.Schum.) Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1937(12): 6. 1937 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Borzicactus sepium var. roezlii (F.Haage ex K.Schum.) Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 147. 1937 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Seticereus roezlii (F.Haage ex K.Schum.) Backeb. in Sukkulentenkunde 3: 5. 1949 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#17.26.3= Cleistocactus chotaensis F.A.C.Weber ex Rol.-Goss., Cleistocactus: 19. 1904 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Cereus chotaensis (F.A.C.Weber) Vaupel in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 25. 1913 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#17.26.4= Borzicactus ventimigliae Riccob. in Boll. Reale Orto Bot. Palermo 8: 262. 1909 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920) Cereus ventimigliae (Riccob.) Vaupel in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 13. 1913 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920) Cleistocactus sepium var. ventimigliae (Riccob.) Madsen, Fl. Ecuador 35(45): 22. 1989

Syn.#17.26.5= Cereus jajoianus Backeb. in Kakteen-Freund 2(1): 4. 1933 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#17.26.6= Borzicactus websterianus Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1937(11): 2. 1937 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#17.26.7= Borzicactus websterianus var. rufispinus Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1937(11): 2. 1937 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#17.26.8= Borzicactus aequatorialis Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 17. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#17.27.1 Borzicactus sextonianus (Backeb.) Kimnach in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 32: 95. 1960. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#17.27.1Erdisia sextoniana Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 411. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Cleistocactus sextonianus (Backeb.) D.R.Hunt in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 15: 8. 2003 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Loxanthocereus sextonianus Backeb., Neue Kakteen: 80. 1931 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cereus sextonianus Backeb. in Kakteen-Freund 2(1): 4. 1933 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Echinopsis sextoniana (Backeb.) Mayta in Succulentopi@ 14: 15. 2015 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Cleistocactus sextonianus (Backeb.) D.R.Hunt in Bradleya 9: 86. 1991, nom. inval. syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#17.27.2= Maritinocereus gracilis Akers & Buining in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1950: 50. 1950 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Loxanthocereus gracilis (Akers & Buining) Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 300. 1958 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Borzicactus gracilis (Akers & Buining) Buxb. & Krainz in Krainz, Kakteen 21: C vb. 1962 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#17.27.3= Loxanthocereus aticensis Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 15. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Borzicactus gracilis var. aticensis (Rauh & Backeb.) Krainz, Kakteen 21: C Vb. 1962 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#17.27.4= Loxanthocereus camanaensis Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 15. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Borzicactus gracilis var. camanaensis (Rauh & Backeb.) Krainz, Kakteen 21: C Vb. 1962 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#17.27.5= Loxanthocereus nanus Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 17. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#17.27.6= Loxanthocereus splendens Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 14. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#17.27.7= Loxanthocereus puquiensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1470. 1981 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#17.27.8= Loxanthocereus variabilis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1473. 1981 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#17.27.9= Haageocereus variabilis F.Ritter syn. sec. Tropicos

Acc.#17.28.1 Borzicactus sulcifer (Rauh & Backeb.) Kimnach in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 32: 95. 1960. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#17.28.1Loxanthocereus sulcifer Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 14. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Cleistocactus sulcifer (Rauh & Backeb.) Leuenb. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 124(1): 22. 2002 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#17.28.2= Loxanthocereus granditessellatus Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 15. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Cleistocactus granditessellatus (Rauh & Backeb.) Leuenb. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 124: 20. 2002 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#17.29.1 Borzicactus tenuiserpens (Rauh & Backeb.) Kimnach in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 32: 95. 1960. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#17.29.1Cleistocactus tenuiserpens Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 17. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Bolivicereus tenuiserpens (Rauh & Backeb.) Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3677. 1962 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Borzicactella tenuiserpens (Rauh & Backeb.) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1378. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#17.30.1 Borzicactus xylorhizus (F.Ritter) G.J.Charles in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 26: 14. 2012. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#17.30.1Loxanthocereus xylorhizus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1475. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Cleistocactus xylorhizus (F.Ritter) Ostolaza in Brit. Cact. Succ. J. 14(4): 170. 1996 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Echinopsis xylorhiza (F.Ritter) Molinari in Succulentopi@ 13: 19. 2015 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Acc.#18. Brachycereus Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 120. 1920. Sec. Hunt (2006) Type: Brachycereus nesioticus (K.Schum.) Backeb.

Notes. – Monotypic, not sampled in phylogenetic studies so far. [Korotkova & al. (2021)]

Acc.#18.1.1 Brachycereus nesioticus (K.Schum.) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 176. 1936 ["1935"]. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#18.1.1Cereus nesioticus K.Schum. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 38: 179. 1902 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#19. Brasilicereus Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1938(6): 22. 1938. Sec. Hunt (2016) Type: Brasilicereus phaeacanthus (Gürke) Backeb.

Syn.#19.g1= Bragaia Esteves, Hofacker & P.J.Braun in Kakteen And. Sukk. 60(12): 328. 2009 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#19.1.1 Brasilicereus estevesii (Hofacker & P.J.Braun) N.P.Taylor & M.Machado in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 25: 7. 2011. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#19.1.1Bragaia estevesii Hofacker & P.J.Braun in Kakteen And. Sukk. 60(12): 328. 2009

Acc.#19.2.1 Brasilicereus markgrafii Backeb. & Voll in Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 9: 155. 1949. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#19.2.1Cereus markgrafii (Backeb. & Voll) P.J.Braun in Bradleya 6: 87. 1988

Acc.#19.3.1 Brasilicereus phaeacanthus (Gürke) Backeb. in Jahrb. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 1941(2): 50. 1942. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#19.3.1Cereus phaeacanthus Gürke in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 18: 57. 1908 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Cephalocereus phaeacanthus (Gürke) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 57. 1920 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Pilocereus phaeacanthus (Gürke) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 333. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#19.3.2= Pilocereus verheinei Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 690. 1885 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#19.3.3= Brasilicereus breviflorus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 228. 1979 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Cereus phaeacanthus var. breviflorus (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun in Bradleya 6: 87. 1988 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Brasilicereus phaeacanthus subsp. breviflorus (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Succulenta (Netherlands) 74: 83. 1995 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Brasilicereus phaeacanthus var. breviflorus (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Succulenta (Netherlands) 74(2): 83. 1995 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#20. Brasiliopuntia (K.Schum.) A.Berger, Entwicklungslin. Kakt.: 17, 18, 94. 1926. Sec. Köhler (2021) Type: Brasiliopuntia brasiliensis (Willd.) A.Berger

Syn.#20.g1Opuntia subg. Brasiliopuntia K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 655. 1898 syn. sec. Hernández-Ledesma & al. (2015)

Syn.#20.0.4= Mortolopuntia Guiggi in Cactology 5 (Suppl. I): 1. 2015 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Notes. – Originally monotypic with B. brasiliensis. Majure & al. (2012) found good support for a sister-group relation of Opuntia schickendantzii F.A.C.Weber, and transferred this species to Brasiliopuntia (Majure & Puente, 2014). Köhler & al. (2020) found strong support for a sister-relationship of Brasiliopuntia + Tacinga Britton & Rose. [Köhler (2021)]

Acc.#20.1.1 Brasiliopuntia brasiliensis (Willd.) A.Berger, Entwicklungslin. Kakt.: 94. 1926. Sec. Majure & al. (2012)

Syn.#20.1.1Cactus brasiliensis Willd., Enum. Pl., Suppl.: 33. 1814 syn. sec. Berger (1926) Opuntia brasiliensis (Willd.) Haw., Suppl. Pl. Succ.: 79. 1819 syn. sec. Majure & al. (2012)

Syn.#20.1.2= Cactus paradoxus Hornem., Hort. Bot. Hafn. 2: 443. 1815 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#20.1.3= Cactus arboreus Vell., Fl. Flumin.: 207. 1829 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Opuntia arborea (Vell.) Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2(2-5): 220. 1841 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#20.1.4= Cactus heterocladus A.St.-Hil., Voy. Rio de Janeiro 2: 103. 1830 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#20.1.5= Cereus paradoxus Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 335. 1840 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#20.1.6= Opuntia hieronymi Griseb. in Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 24: 140. 1879 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#20.1.7= Opuntia bahiensis Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 1: 210–211, f. 271. 1919 syn. sec. Majure & al. (2012) Brasiliopuntia bahiensis (Britton & Rose) A.Berger, Entwicklungslin. Kakt.: 17. 1926 syn. sec. Majure & al. (2012) Opuntia brasiliensis subsp. bahiensis (Britton & Rose) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Succulentes (France) 74(3): 132. 1995 syn. sec. Majure & al. (2012) Brasiliopuntia brasiliensis subsp. bahiensis (Britton & Rose) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Schumannia 3: 188. 2002 ["2001"] syn. sec. Majure & al. (2012)

Syn.#20.1.8= Brasiliopuntia neoargentina Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 9. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Majure & al. (2012) Opuntia neoargentina (Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Nat. Cact. & Succ. Journ. 13: 4. 1958 syn. sec. Majure & al. (2012)

Syn.#20.1.9= Brasiliopuntia subacarpa Rizzini & A.Mattos in Revista Brasil. Biol. 46: 324. 1986 syn. sec. Majure & al. (2012) Opuntia brasiliensis subsp. subacarpa (Rizzini & A.Mattos) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Succulenta (Netherlands) 74(3): 132. 1995 syn. sec. Majure & al. (2012) Brasiliopuntia brasiliensis subsp. subacarpa (Rizzini & A.Mattos) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Schumannia 3: 188. 2002 ["2001"] syn. sec. Majure & al. (2012)

Acc.#20.2.1 Brasiliopuntia schulzii (A.Cast. & H.V.Lelong) Backeb., Cactaceae 1: 373. 1958. Sec. Pin (1998)

Syn.#20.2.1Opuntia schulzii A.Cast. & H.V.Lelong in Lilloa 10: 400. 1944 syn. sec. Pin (1998)

Syn.#20.2.2= Opuntia argentina Griseb., Symb. Fl. Argent.: 140. 1874 syn. sec. Köhler (2021) Brasiliopuntia argentina (Griseb.) A.Berger, Entwicklungslin. Kakt.: 17. 1926 syn. sec. Köhler (2021)

Acc.#21. Browningia Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 63. 1920. Sec. Hunt (2016) Type: Browningia candelaris (Meyen) Britton & Rose

Syn.#21.g1= Gymnanthocereus Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1937(8): Nachtr. 15 [2]. 1937 syn. sec. Hunt (2006). Type: Gymnanthocereus chlorocarpus (Kunth) Backeb.

Syn.#21.0.3= Azureocereus Akers & H.Johnson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 21: 133. 1949 syn. sec. Hunt (2006). Type: Azureocereus nobilis Akers

Syn.#21.0.4= Gymnocereus Backeb., Cactaceae 2: 920. 1959, nom. illeg. syn. sec. Hunt (2006). Type: Gymnocereus microspermus (Werderm. & Backeb.) Backeb.

Acc.#21.1.1 Browningia altissima (F.Ritter) Buxb. in Krainz, Kakteen 31-32: Civ/I, in obs. 1965. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#21.1.1Gymnanthocereus altissimus F.Ritter in Cactus (Paris) 62: 119. 1959 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Gymnocereus altissimus (F.Ritter) Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3667. 1962

Syn.#21.1.2= Gymnocereus altissima Backeb. syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#21.2.1 Browningia amstutziae (Rauh & Backeb.) Hutchison ex Krainz, Kakteen: 31. 1965. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#21.2.1Gymnocereus amstutziae Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 284. 1958 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Gymnanthocereus amstutziae (Rauh & Backeb.) Guiggi in Cactology 5: 14. 2014 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Acc.#21.3.1 Browningia candelaris (Meyen) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 63. 1920. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#21.3.1Cereus candelaris Meyen in Allg. Gartenzeitung 1: 211. 1833 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Cactus candelaris (Meyen) Meyen, Reise Eur. As. Afr. 2: 40. 1835 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#21.4.1 Browningia candelaris subsp. candelaris. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#21.5.1 Browningia candelaris subsp. icaensis (F.Ritter) D.R.Hunt in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 14: 12. 2002. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#21.5.1Browningia icaensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1320. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#21.6.1 Browningia chlorocarpa (Kunth) W.T.Marshall in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 17: 114. 1945. Sec. Hunt (2016) ≡ Cactus chlorocarpus Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 6: 67. 1823 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) ≡ Cereus chlorocarpus (Kunth) DC., Prodr. 3: 466. 1828 syn. sec. Tropicos ≡ Seticereus chlorocarpus (Kunth) Backeb., Neue Kakteen: 77. 1931 syn. sec. Tropicos ≡ Gymnanthocereus chlorocarpus (Kunth) Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1937(7): 2. 1937 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) ≡ Lemaireocereus chlorocarpus (Kunth) Borg, Cacti, ed. 2: 167. 1951 syn. sec. Tropicos

Acc.#21.7.1 Browningia columnaris F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1323. 1981. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#21.7.1Azureocereus columnaris (F.Ritter) Lodé in Cact.-Avent. Int. 103: 18. 2014 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Azureocereus hertlingianus subsp. columnaris (F.Ritter) Guiggi in Cactology 5: 6. 2014 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Acc.#21.8.1 Browningia hernandezii Fern.Alonso in Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 30: 20. 2006. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#21.8.1Gymnanthocereus hernandezii (Fern.Alonso) Guiggi in Cactology 5: 14. 2014 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Acc.#21.9.1 Browningia hertlingiana (Backeb.) Buxb. in Krainz, Kakteen 31-32: Civ/I. 1965. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#21.9.1Clistanthocereus hertlingianus Backeb. in Cactaceae (Berlin) 1937(1): 24. 1937 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Azureocereus hertlingianus (Backeb.) Backeb. in Cactus (Paris) 52: 104. 1956 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#21.9.2= Azureocereus nobilis Akers in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 21: 124. 1949 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#21.9.3= Azureocereus viridis Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 14. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Browningia viridis (Rauh & Backeb.) Buxb. in Krainz, Kakteen 31-32: C IV/1. 1965 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Azureocereus hertlingianus f. viridis (Rauh & Backeb.) Guiggi in Cactology 5: 6. 2014

Syn.#21.9.4= Azureocereus ciliisquamus F.Ritter syn. sec. Tropicos

Acc.#21.10.1 Browningia macracantha (F.Ritter) Wittner in Bradleya 38: 57. 2020. Sec. Wittner (2020)

Syn.#21.10.1Gymnanthocereus macracanthus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1317. 1981 syn. sec. Wittner (2020)

Acc.#21.11.1 Browningia microsperma (Werderm. & Backeb.) W.T.Marshall in Cactus (Paris) 3: 8. 1946. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#21.11.1Cereus microspermus Werderm. & Backeb., Neue Kakteen: 80. 1931 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Trichocereus microspermus (Werderm. & Backeb.) Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 141. 1937 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Gymnanthocereus microspermus (Werderm. & Backeb.) Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1938(1): 4. 1938 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Gymnocereus microspermus (Werderm. & Backeb.) Backeb., Cactaceae 2: 923. 1959 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#21.11.2= Browningia albiceps F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1322. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#21.12.1 Browningia pilleifera (F.Ritter) Hutchison in J. Cact. Succ. Soc. Amer. 40: 23. 1968. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#21.12.1Gymnanthocereus pilleifer F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 46: 24. 1967 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#21.13.1 Browningia utcubambensis Hutchison ex Wittner in Kakteen And. Sukk. 63(10): 269. 2012. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#22. Calymmanthium F.Ritter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 13: 25. 1962. Sec. Korotkova & al. (2010) Type: Calymmanthium substerile F.Ritter

Syn.#22.g1Diploperianthium F.Ritter, Seed Catalogue/Samenkatalog - H.Winter: 5. 1957, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Notes. – Monotypic; sampled by Korotkova & al. (2010) and resolved as sister to Lymanbensonia Kimnach. [HernándezLedesma & al. (2015)]

Acc.#22.1.1 Calymmanthium substerile F.Ritter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 13: 25. 1962. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#22.1.2= Calymmanthium fertile F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1266. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Calymmanthium substerile subsp. fertile (F.Ritter) Guiggi in Cactology 5 (Suppl. II): 1. 2016 Calymmanthium fertile F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 45: 117, 135. 1966, nom. inval. syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#23. Carnegiea Britton & Rose in J. New York Bot. Gard. 9: 187. 1908. Sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Type: Carnegiea gigantea (Engelm.) Britton & Rose

Notes. – Monotypic; sampled in several phylogenetic studies, first found as sister to Pachycereus (A.Berger) Britton & Rose (Arias & al. 2005), but without support. Later found nested in Pachycereus, as sister to P. pecten-aboriginum (Engelm. ex S.Watson) Britton & Rose with high support (Hernández-Hernández & al. 2011), yet the whole Pachycereus clade was only weakly supported in this study. Carnegiea is therefore still accepted here as a separate genus. [Korotkova & al. (2021)]

Acc.#23.1.1 Carnegiea gigantea (Engelm.) Britton & Rose in J. New York Bot. Gard. 9: 188. 1908. Sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003)

Syn.#23.1.1Cereus giganteus Engelm. in Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, 14: 335-337. 1852 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Pilocereus giganteus (Engelm.) Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 662. 1885 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003)

Syn.#23.1.2= Carnegiea gigantea f. cristata P.V.Heath in Calyx 2: 108. 1992 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#24. Castellanosia Cárdenas in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 23: 90. 1951. Sec. Hernández-Hernández & al. (2011) Type: Castellanosia caineana Cárdenas

Notes. – Monotypic; sampled by Nyffeler 2002; Bárcenas & al. 2011 and Hernández-Hernández & al. 2011, resolved as sister to Leptocereus (A.Berger) Britton & Rose + Dendrocereus Britton & Rose by the latter, albeit with support <50%. [Korotkova & al. (2021)]

Acc.#24.1.1 Castellanosia caineana Cárdenas in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 23: 90. 1951. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#24.1.1Browningia caineana (Cárdenas) D.R.Hunt in Bradleya 9: 85. 1991 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#25. Cephalocereus Pfeiff. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 6: 142. 1838. Sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Type: Cephalocereus senilis (Haw.) Pfeiff.

Syn.#25.g1Pilocereus Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 6-7. 1839, nom. illeg. syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017). Type: Pilocereus senilis (Haw.) Lem.

Syn.#25.0.2= Cephalophorus Lem., Cact. Aliq. Nov.: 7. 1838, nom. illeg. syn. sec. Anderson (2005)

Syn.#25.0.3=Cephalocereus subg. Mitrocereus Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1938(6): 17. 1938 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017)

Syn.#25.0.4Mitrocereus (Backeb.) Backeb. in Cactaceae (Berlin) 1941(2): 77. 1942 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017). Type: Mitrocereus chrysomallus (Lem.) Backeb.

Syn.#25.0.5= Neobuxbaumia Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1938(6): 17, 8, 12, 24. 1938 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017). Type: Neobuxbaumia tetetzo (F.A.C.Weber ex J.M.Coult.) Backeb.

Syn.#25.0.6= Haseltonia Backeb. in Blätt. Sukkulentenk. 1: 3. 1949 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017). Type: Haseltonia hoppenstedtii (F.A.C.Weber) Backeb.

Syn.#25.0.7= Neodawsonia Backeb. in Blätt. Sukkulentenk. 1: 4. 1949 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017). Type: Neodawsonia apicicephalium (E.Y.Dawson) Backeb.

Syn.#25.0.8=Carnegiea subg. Rooksbya Backeb. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 22(5): 154. 1950

Syn.#25.0.9Rooksbya (Backeb.) Backeb., Cactaceae 4: 2165. 1960 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017). Type: Rooksbya euphorbioides (Haw.) Backeb.

Syn.#25.0.10= Pseudomitrocereus Bravo & Buxb. in Bot. Stud. 12: 53. 1961 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017). Type: Pseudomitrocereus fulviceps (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.) Bravo & Buxb.

Notes. – Phylogenetics: Tapia et al. (2017) have reconstructed the phylogeny of the Cephalocereus group using molecular data from seven plastid DNA regions (petL-psbE, psbA-trnH, rpl16, rpl32-trnL, trnL-F, trnQ-rps16, and ycf1), as well as morphological characters. The Cephalocereus group was recovered as monophyletic with high support values, whereas Neobuxbaumia appeared as paraphyletic. The Cephalocereus group was recovered as monophyletic with high support values, whereas Neobuxbaumia Backeb. appeared as paraphyletic. The authors have therefore proposed to unite all species of Neobuxbaumia, Cephalocereus, and Pseudomitrocereus Bravo & Buxb. in one single genus, for which Cephalocereus is the oldest name. [Arias (2021)].

Acc.#25.1.1 Cephalocereus apicicephalium E.Y.Dawson in Allan Hancock Found. Publ. Occas. Pap. 1: 10–12, t. 3–6, f. 8–9, 11–13. 1948. Sec. Tapia & al. (2017)

Syn.#25.1.1Neodawsonia apicicephalium (E.Y.Dawson) Backeb. in Blätt. Sukkulentenk. 1: 4. 1949 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#25.1.2= Neodawsonia guengolensis Bravo in Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. Mexico 27: 12. 1956 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#25.1.3= Neodawsonia nana Bravo in Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. Mexico 27: 15. 1956 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#25.1.4= Neodawsonia apicicephalium subsp. totolapensis Guiggi in Cactology 5 (Suppl. 11): 2. 2020 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Neodawsonia apicicephalium subsp. totolapensis Guiggi in Cactology 5 (Suppl. 8): 14. 2020, nom. inval. syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Acc.#25.2.1 Cephalocereus columna-trajani (Karw. ex Pfeiff.) K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 198. 1897. Sec. Tapia & al. (2017)

Syn.#25.2.1Cereus columna-trajani Karw. ex Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 76. 1837 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Cephalophorus columna-trajani (Karw. ex Pfeiff.) Lem., Cact. Aliq. Nov. Desc.: 12. 1831 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Pilocereus columnatrajani (Karw. ex Pfeiff.) Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 9. 1839 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Cephalocereus columna (Karw. ex Pfeiff.) K.Schum. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(6a): 182. 1894 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Pachycereus columnatrajani (Karw. ex Pfeiff.) Britton & Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 421. 1909 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Mitrocereus columna-trajani (Karw. ex Pfeiff.) Backeb. ex E.Y.Dawson in Allan Hancock Found. Publ. Occas. Pap. 1: 4. 1948 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Haseltonia columna-trajani (Karw. ex Pfeiff.) Backeb., Cactaceae 4: 2263. 1960 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017)

Syn.#25.2.2= Pilocereus columna Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 9. 1839 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#25.2.3= Cereus columna Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 5: 818. 1846 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#25.2.4= Cereus lateribarbatus Lem. in Rev. Hort. 34: 427. 1862 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#25.2.5= Pilocereus hoppenstedtii F.A.C.Weber in Cat. Pfersdorff. 1864 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920) Cereus hoppenstedtii (F.A.C.Weber) K.Schum. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(6a): 181. 1894 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920) Cereus hoppenstedtii (F.A.C.Weber) A.Berger in Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 16: 70. 1905, comb. inval. syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#25.2.6= Pilocereus hoppenstedtii Roezl ex Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 667. 1885 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Cephalocereus hoppenstedtii (Roezl ex Rümpler) K.Schum. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(6a): 181. 1894 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Cereus hoppenstedtii (Roezl ex Rümpler) A.Berger in Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 16: 70. 1905 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Haseltonia hoppenstedtii (F.A.C.Weber) Backeb. in J. Cact. Succ. Soc. Austral. 1: 3. 1949 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Pilocereus hoppenstedtii (Roezl ex Rümpler) Mottet, Dict. Prat. Hort. 5: 739. 1899 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017)

Syn.#25.2.7= Pilocereus lateribarbatus Pfeiff. ex Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 672. 1885 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#25.2.8= Cereus hoogendorpii Kuntze, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 4: 80. 1894 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920) Pilocereus hoogendorpii Ortgies ex K.Schum. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(6a): 181. 1894 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#25.2.9= Pilocereus lateralis F.A.C.Weber, Dict. Hort. 2: 966. 1898 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#25.3.1 Cephalocereus euphorbioides (Haw.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 33. 1920. Sec. Tapia & al. (2017)

Syn.#25.3.1Cereus euphorbioides Haw., Suppl. Pl. Succ.: 75. 1819 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Cactus euphorbioides (Haw.) Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 2: 496. 1825 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Pilocereus euphorbioides (Haw.) Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2, 2(16): 658. 1886 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Lemaireocereus euphorbioides (Haw.) Werderm. in Kakteenkunde: t. 84. 1934 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Carnegiea euphorbioides (Haw.) Backeb. in Jahrb. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 1944: 13. 1944 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Neobuxbaumia euphorbioides (Haw.) Buxb. in Cactus (Paris) 40: 52. 1954 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Neodawsonia euphorbioides (Haw.) Buxb. in Krainz, Kakteen 15: CIII. 1957 syn. sec. Tropicos Rooksbya euphorbioides (Haw.) Backeb., Cactaceae 4: 2167. 1960 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017)

Syn.#25.3.2= Cereus olfersii Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck.: 335. 1834 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Neodawsonia euphorbioides var. olfersii (Salm-Dyck) Backeb., Cactaceae 4: 2170. 1960 syn. sec. Tropicos Rooksbya euphorbioides var. olfersii (Salm-Dyck) Backeb., Cactaceae 4: 2170. 1960 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Neobuxbaumia euphorbioides var. olfersii (Salm-Dyck) Bravo, Cact. México, ed. 2: 660. 1978 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Carnegiea euphorbioides var. olfersii (Salm-Dyck) P.V.Heath in Calyx 2(3): 108. 1992 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017)

Syn.#25.3.3= Cereus conicus Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 97. 1837 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#25.3.4= Cereus oxygonus Salm-Dyck ex C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk.: 393. 1846 syn. sec. Förster (1846)

Acc.#25.4.1 Cephalocereus fulviceps (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.) H.E.Moore in Baileya 19: 165. 1975. Sec. Tapia & al. (2017)

Syn.#25.4.1Pilocereus fulviceps F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 176. 1897 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Cereus fulviceps (F.A.C.Weber) A.Berger in Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 16: 64. 1905 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mitrocereus fulviceps (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.) Backeb. ex Bravo in Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. Mexico 24: 232. 1954 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Pseudomitrocereus fulviceps (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.) Bravo & Buxb. in Bot. Stud. 12: 99. 1961 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Pachycereus fulviceps (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.) D.R.Hunt in Bradleya 9: 89. 1991 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Carnegiea fulviceps (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.) P.V.Heath in Calyx 2(3): 108. 1992 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017)

Notes. – Pseudomitrocereus fulviceps was previously included in Pachycereus or Cephalocereus, later elevated to generic rank as Mitrocereus (Backeberg 1942) and later Pseudomitrocereus (Bravo & Buxbaum, in Buxbaum 1961). Arias & al. (2003) found P. fulviceps to be unrelated to Pachycereus and instead as sister to a clade of Cephalocereus and Neobuxbaumia. Therefore, Pseudomitrocereus was previously reinstated by Arias & al. (2012). Pseudomitrocereus is characterized by having distinct fertile stem tips (on old primary and secondary branches), flowers completely covered with trichomes, and thick axial tissue (pericarpel and receptacle; Buxbaum 1961). Its inclusion in Carnegiea and Pachycereus was supported by non-informative attributes (e.g., growth form), shared by other members of Pachycereinae (or Echinocereinae sensu Nyffeler & Eggli 2010). However, it is part of the clade "Cephalocereus" according to Arias & al. (2003), composed by Cephalocereus, Neobuxbaumia, and Pseudomitrocereus. The species of this clade share the presence of prismatic crystals in epidermis, inner stamens and nectarial chamber, while the fruit is dehiscent and the pulp is white (Arias & Terrazas 2006).Mitrocereus was based on the name Pilocereus chrysomallus Lem. as type species, but this name represents another species included in the synonymy of Pachycereus militaris (Audot) D. R. Hunt. Consequently, Buxbaum and Bravo (Buxbaum 1961) proposed the name Pseudomitrocereus, with P. fulviceps as the nomenclatural type. [Hernández-Ledesma & al. (2015)]

Acc.#25.5.1 Cephalocereus macrocephalus F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 197. 1897. Sec. Tapia & al. (2017)

Syn.#25.5.1Pilocereus macrocephalus (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.) F.A.C.Weber in Bois, Dict. Hort.: 966. 1898 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Cereus macrocephalus (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.) A.Berger in Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 16: 62. 1905 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Neobuxbaumia macrocephala (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.) E.Y.Dawson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 24: 173. 1952 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Carnegiea macrocephala (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.) P.V.Heath in Calyx 2(3): 109. 1992 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017)

Syn.#25.5.2= Pilocereus ruficeps F.A.C.Weber ex Rol.-Goss. in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 11(6): 509. 1905 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Cereus ruficeps (F.A.C.Weber ex Rol.-Goss.) Vaupel in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 27, 83. 1913 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Pachycereus ruficeps (F.A.C.Weber ex Rol.-Goss.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 75. 1920 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Mitrocereus ruficeps (F.A.C.Weber ex Rol.-Goss.) Backeb., Cactaceae 4: 2244. 1960 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017)

Acc.#25.6.1 Cephalocereus mezcalaensis Bravo in Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. Mexico 3: 378. 1932. Sec. Tapia & al. (2017)

Syn.#25.6.1Neobuxbaumia mezcalaensis (Bravo) Backeb. in Beitr. Sukkulentenk. Sukkulentenpflege 1941: 3. 1941 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Neodawsonia mezcalaensis (Bravo) Backeb. in Beitr. Sukkulentenk. Sukkulentenpflege 1941: 3. 1941 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Pilocereus mezcalaensis (Bravo) W.T.Marshall, Cactaceae: 75. 1941 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Carnegiea mezcalaensis (Bravo) P.V.Heath in Calyx 2(3): 109. 1992 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017)

Syn.#25.6.2= Cephalocereus mezcalaensis var. robustus E.Y.Dawson in Allan Hancock Found. Publ. Occas. Pap. 1: 9. 1948 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Neobuxbaumia mezcalaensis var. robusta (E.Y.Dawson) Backeb. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 23: 122. 1951 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Neobuxbaumia mezcalaensis var. robusta (E.Y.Dawson) E.Y.Dawson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 24: 169. 1952 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017)

Acc.#25.7.1 Cephalocereus multiareolatus (E.Y.Dawson) H.J.Tapia & S.Arias in Syst. Bot. 42(4): 11. 2017. Sec. Tapia & al. (2017)

Syn.#25.7.1Cephalocereus mezcalaensis var. multiareolatus E.Y.Dawson in Allan Hancock Found. Publ. Occas. Pap. 1: 9. 1948 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Neobuxbaumia mezcalaensis var. multiareolata (E.Y.Dawson) E.Y.Dawson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 24: 169. 1952 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Neobuxbaumia multiareolata (E.Y.Dawson) Bravo, Scheinvar & Sánchez-Mej. in Cact. Suc. Mex. 17(4): 120. 1972 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Carnegiea mezcalaensis var. multiareolata (E.Y.Dawson) P.V.Heath in Calyx 2(3): 109. 1992 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017)

Acc.#25.8.1 Cephalocereus nizandensis (Bravo & T.MacDoug.) Buxb. in Kakteen And. Sukk. 16: 45. 1965. Sec. Tapia & al. (2017)

Syn.#25.8.1Neodawsonia nizandensis Bravo & T.MacDoug. in Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. Mexico 29: 82. 1959 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017)

Acc.#25.9.1 Cephalocereus nudus E.Y.Dawson in Allan Hancock Found. Publ. Occas. Pap. 1: 12. 1948. Sec. Tapia & al. (2017)

Syn.#25.9.1Cephalocereus tetetzo var. nudus E.Y.Dawson in Desert Pl. Life 24(3): 54. 1952 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Neobuxbaumia tetetzo var. nuda (E.Y.Dawson) E.Y.Dawson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 24: 169. 1952 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Carnegiea tetetzo var. nuda (E.Y.Dawson) P.V.Heath in Calyx 2(3): 108. 1992 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017)

Syn.#25.9.2= Neobuxbaumia squamulosa Scheinvar & Sánchez-Mej. in Cact. Suc. Mex. 35: 13. 1990 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Carnegiea squamulosa (Scheinvar & Sánchez-Mej.) P.V.Heath in Calyx 2: 108. 1992 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#25.10.1 Cephalocereus parvispinus S.Arias, H.J.Tapia & U.Guzmán in Phytotaxa 392(2): 150. 2019. Sec. Arias & al. (2019)

Acc.#25.11.1 Cephalocereus polylophus (DC.) Britton & Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 419. 1909. Sec. Tapia & al. (2017)

Syn.#25.11.1Cereus polylophus DC. in Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 115. 1828 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Pilocereus polylophus (DC.) Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1844: 24. 1845 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Neobuxbaumia polylopha (DC.) Backeb. in Beitr. Sukkulentenk. Sukkulentenpflege 1941: 3. 1941 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Carnegiea polylopha (DC.) D.R.Hunt in Bradleya 6: 100. 1988 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Carnegiea polylopha (DC.) P.V.Heath in Calyx 2: 108. 1992 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#25.11.2= Cereus angulosus Stieber ex K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 175. 1897 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#25.11.3= Cereus nickelsii Gürke in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 20: 27. 1910 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Acc.#25.12.1 Cephalocereus sanchez-mejoradae (A.B.Lau) H.J.Tapia & S.Arias in Syst. Bot. 42(4): 11. 2017. Sec. Tapia & al. (2017)

Syn.#25.12.1Neobuxbaumia sanchez-mejoradae A.B.Lau in Cact. Suc. Mex. 39(1): 3. 1994 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Cephalocereus sanchezmejoradae (A.B.Lau) H.J.Tapia & S.Arias in Syst. Bot. 42: 719. 2017 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) [is orthographic variant for Cephalocereus sanchez-mejoradae (A.B.Lau) H.J.Tapia & S.Arias]

Syn.#25.12.2= Carnegiea laui P.V.Heath in Calyx 2(3): 109. 1992 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Neobuxbaumia laui (P.V.Heath) D.R.Hunt in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 4: 5. 1997 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017)

Syn.#25.12.3= Carnegiea nova P.V.Heath in Calyx 2(3): 109. 1992 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017)

Acc.#25.13.1 Cephalocereus scoparius (Poselg.) Britton & Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 419. 1909. Sec. Tapia & al. (2017)

Syn.#25.13.1Pilocereus scoparius Poselg. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 21(12): 126. 1853 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Cereus scoparius (Poselg.) A.Berger in Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 16: 63. 1905 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Neobuxbaumia scoparia (Poselg.) Backeb. in Beitr. Sukkulentenk. Sukkulentenpflege 1941: 3. 1941 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Carnegiea scoparia (Poselg.) P.V.Heath in Calyx 2(3): 109. 1992 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017)

Syn.#25.13.2= Pilocereus sterkmanii K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 179. 1897 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#25.13.3= Lemaireocereus setispinus E.Y.Dawson in Allan Hancock Found. Publ. Occas. Pap. 1: 19. 1948 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017)

Acc.#25.14.1 Cephalocereus senilis (Haw.) Pfeiff. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 6: 142. 1838. Sec. Tapia & al. (2017)

Syn.#25.14.1Cactus senilis Haw. in Philos. Mag. J. 63: 41. 1824 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Cereus senilis (Haw.) DC., Prodr. 3: 464. 1828 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Cephalophorus senilis (Haw.) Lem., Cact. aliq. nov.: 7. 1838 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Echinocactus senilis (Haw.) Beaton in Gard. Mag. & Reg. Rural Domest. Improv. 15: 550. 1839 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Pilocereus senilis (Haw.) Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 7. 1839 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Cephalocereus senilis (Haw.) K.Schum. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(6a): 181. 1894 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Euporteria senilis (Phil.) Kreuz. & Buining in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 50: 201. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#25.14.2= Cactus bradypus Lehm., Ind. Sem. Hort. Hamburg.: 17. 1826 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Cereus bradypus (Lehm.) Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 333. 1840 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#25.14.3= Echinocactus staplesiae Tate in Gard. Mag. & Reg. Rural Domest. Improv. 16: 27. 1840 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#25.14.4= Melocactus bradypus Lehm. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2(2-5): 122. 1841 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#25.14.5= Pilocereus senilis var. cristatus Mathsson syn. sec. Tropicos

Acc.#25.15.1 Cephalocereus tetetzo (F.A.C.Weber ex J.M.Coult.) Diguet, Cactac. util. Mex. (Archiv. Hist. Nat. Acclim. France) 4: 370. 1928 [as "tetazo"]. Sec. Tapia & al. (2017)

Syn.#25.15.1Cereus tetetzo F.A.C.Weber ex J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 409. 1896 [as "tetazo"] syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Pilocereus tetetzo (F.A.C.Weber ex J.M.Coult.) F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 175. 1897 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Cephalocereus tetetzo (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.) Vaupel in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 19: 73. 1909 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Pachycereus tetetzo (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.) Ochot., Cactac. de Mexico: 72. 1922 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Neobuxbaumia tetetzo (F.A.C.Weber ex J.M.Coult.) Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1938(6): 24. 1938 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Carnegiea tetetzo (F.A.C.Weber ex J.M.Coult.) P.V.Heath in Calyx 2(3): 108. 1992 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017) Cereus tetazo F.A.C.Weber ex J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3(7): 409. 1896, nom. inval. syn. sec. TPL (2013) Cephalocereus tetazo (F.A.C.Weber ex J.M.Coult.) Diguet in Archiv. Hist. Nat. Acclim. France 4: 370. 1928 syn. sec. TPL (2013) [is orthographic variant for Cephalocereus tetetzo (F.A.C.Weber ex J.M.Coult.) Diguet]

Syn.#25.15.2= Pilocereus tetetzo var. cristata F.A.C.Weber in Schumann, Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 176. 1897 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#25.16.1 Cephalocereus totolapensis (Bravo & T.MacDoug.) Buxb. in Kakteen And. Sukk. 16: 45. 1965. Sec. Tapia & al. (2017)

Syn.#25.16.1Neodawsonia totolapensis Bravo & T.MacDoug. in Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. Mexico 29: 74. 1959 syn. sec. Tapia & al. (2017)

Acc.#26. Cereus Mill., Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4: [308]. 1754. Sec. Hunt (2016) Type: Cereus hexagonus (L.) Mill.

Syn.#26.g1= Piptanthocereus (A.Berger) Riccob. in Boll. Reale Orto Bot. Palermo 8: 225. 1909 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#26.0.2= Subpilocereus Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1938(6): 8, 13, 18, 25. 1938 syn. sec. Hunt (2016). Type: Subpilocereus russellianus (Hort.Berol. ex Salm-Dyck) Backeb.

Syn.#26.0.3= Mirabella F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 108. 1979 syn. sec. Hunt (2016). Type: Mirabella albicaulis (Britton & Rose) F.Ritter

Syn.#26.0.4= Praepilosocereus Guiggi in Cactology 2: 18. 2010 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.0.5Cirinosum Neck., Elem. Bot. 2: 84. 1790, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Notes. – Franco & al. (2017) found a well-supported Cereus clade, which however also included Praecereus and Cipocereus. Therefore, Cereus is polyphyletic as currently circumscribed, but the authors of that study did not suggest any taxonomic changes to reflect their results. See also notes under Praecereus and Cipocereus. [Korotkova & al. (2021)]

Acc.#26.1.1 Cereus aethiops Haw. in Philos. Mag. Ann. Chem. 7: 109–110. 1830. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#26.1.1Piptanthocereus aethiops (Haw.) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 435. 1980 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.1.2= Cereus azureus Parm. ex Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 86. 1837 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Piptanthocereus azureus (Parm. ex Pfeiff.) Riccob. in Boll. Reale Orto Bot. Palermo 8: 225. 1909 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.1.3= ?Cereus coeruleus Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 80. 1839 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#26.1.4= Cereus chalybaeus Otto ex Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 2: 340. 1843 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#26.1.5= Cereus polychaetus Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 2: 340. 1843 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#26.1.6= Cereus chalybaeus C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk.: 382. 1846 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#26.1.7= Cereus chalibaeus Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 201. 1850 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Piptanthocereus chalibaeus (Salm-Dyck) Riccob. in Boll. Reale Orto Bot. Palermo 8: 227. 1909 Piptanthocereus chalybaeus (Salm-Dyck) Riccob. in Boll. Reale Orto Bot. Palermo 8: 227. 1909 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.1.8= Cereus seidelii Lehm. ex Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 200. 1850 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920) Cereus azureus var. seidelii (Lehm.) Dams in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 14: 157. 1904 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#26.1.9= Cereus landbeckii Phil. ex Regel in Gartenflora 24: 162. 1875 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920) Cereus coerulescens var. landbeckii (Phil.) K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 122. 1897 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cereus coerulescens f. landbeckii (Phil.) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 80. 1907 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Cereus aethiops var. landbeckii (Phil.) Backeb., Cactaceae 4: 2333. 1960 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.1.10= Cereus landbeckii var. phillipii Rob. in Garden (London 1871-1927) 8: 127. 1875 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.1.11= Cereus coerulescens var. melanacanthus K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 122. 1897 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cereus melanacanthus (K.Schum.) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 80. 1907 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cereus coerulescens f. melanacanthus (K.Schum.) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 80. 1907 syn. sec. Tropicos Cereus aethiops var. melanacanthus (K.Schum.) Backeb., Cactaceae 4: 2333. 1960 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.1.12= Cereus nigrispinus Labour. ex K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 122. 1897 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#26.1.13= Cereus beysiegelii Weing. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 29: 48. 1919 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Acc.#26.2.1 Cereus albicaulis (Britton & Rose) Luetzelb. in Estudo Bot Nordeste Brazil 3: 111. 1923. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#26.2.1Acanthocereus albicaulis Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 125–126, f. 187. 1920 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Mirabella albicaulis (Britton & Rose) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 110. 1979 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Monvillea albicaulis (Britton & Rose) R.Kiesling in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 66(4): 165. 1994 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#26.3.1 Cereus ayisyen M. van der Meer in Cactologia Phantastica 4(2): 14. 2019. Sec. Franck (2021)

Syn.#26.3.1Cereus haitiensis A.R.Franck & Peguero in Phytoneuron 2017-29: 2. 2017, nom. illeg. syn. sec. Franck (2021) [non Cereus haitiensis Schelle]

Notes. – Mottram & Hoxey (2020) questioned if the Schelle name was validly published. [Mottram & Hoxey (2020)]; Cereus ayisyen is a replacement name for Cereus haitiensis A.R.Franck & Peguero, an illegitimate homonym of Cereus haitiensis Schelle. Schelle’s name was attributed to garden origin and published with the very brief description “hellgrün, gelbstachelig” without referencing the nearly verbatim description of C. grandiflorus var. haitiensis K.Schum., an apparently validly published, potential basionym. Although an explicit combination was not made by Schelle, Schelle was familiar with Schumann’s works. [Franck (2021)]

Acc.#26.4.1 Cereus bicolor Rizzini & A.Mattos in Revista Brasil. Biol. 45: 307. 1985. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#26.5.1 Cereus cochabambensis Cárdenas in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 42: 30. 1970. Sec. Jørgensen & al. (2014)

Syn.#26.5.2= Cereus cochabambensis var. longicarpa Cárdenas in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 42: 184. 1970 syn. sec. Jørgensen & al. (2014)

Acc.#26.6.1 Cereus comarapanus Cárdenas in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1956: 5. 1956. Sec. Jørgensen & al. (2014)

Syn.#26.6.1Piptanthocereus comarapanus (Cárdenas) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 555. 1980 syn. sec. Jørgensen & al. (2014)

Acc.#26.7.1 Cereus estevesii P.J.Braun in Brit. Cact. Succ. J. 22: 20. 2004. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#26.7.1Monvillea estevesii (P.J.Braun) Lodé in Cact.-Avent. Int. 98(Suppl.): 6. 2013 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mirabella estevesii (P.J.Braun) Guiggi in Cactology 5 (Suppl. 8): 3. 2020 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Acc.#26.8.1 Cereus fernambucensis Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 58. 1839. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#26.8.1Cereus pernambucensis Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 58. 1839 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#26.8.2= Cereus quadrangularis Haw., Syn. Pl. Succ.: 181. 1812 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.8.3= Cereus grandis Haw., Suppl. Pl. Succ.: 76. 1819 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#26.8.4= ?Cereus obtusus Haw., Saxifrag. Enum. 2: 70. 1821 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) ≡ ?Piptanthocereus obtusus (Haw.) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 231. 1979 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#26.8.5= Cereus laetevirens Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck.: 336. 1834 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.8.6= Cereus laetus Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck.: 336. 1834 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.8.7= Cactus undulosus Kostel. in Allg. Med.-Pharm. 4: 1393. 1835 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.8.8= Cereus affinis Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 99. 1837 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.8.9= Cereus caesius Salm-Dyck ex Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 89. 1837 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.8.10= Cereus cognatus Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 106. 1837 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.8.11= Cereus glaucus Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 89. 1837 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#26.8.12= Cereus hexangularis Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 106. 1837 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.8.13= Cereus prismatiformis Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 106. 1837 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.8.14= Cereus variabilis Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 105. 1837, nom. illeg. syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#26.8.15= Cereus salm-dyckianus Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck.: 31. 1841 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.8.16= Cereus variabilis var. glaucescens Salm-Dyck ex Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 2: 277. 1843 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#26.8.17= Cereus variabilis var. laetevirens Salm-Dyck ex Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 2: 277. 1843 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#26.8.18= Cereus variabilis var. micracanthus Salm-Dyck ex Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 2: 277. 1843 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#26.8.19= Cereus variabilis var. obtusus Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 2: 277. 1843 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#26.8.20= Cereus variabilis var. salm-dyckianus Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 2: 277. 1843 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#26.8.21= Cereus formosus C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk.: 404. 1846 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#26.8.22= Cereus brandii Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 49. 1850 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.8.23= Cereus grandis var. gracillior Salm-Dyck ex Labour., Monogr. Cactaceae: 376. 1853 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#26.8.24= Cereus grandis var. ramosior Salm-Dyck ex Labour., Monogr. Cactaceae: 376. 1853 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#26.8.25= Cereus colvillii Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 736. 1885 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#26.8.26= Cereus pseudocaesius Werderm. in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 13: 394. 1936 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.8.27− ?Cereus neotetragonus Backeb., Cactaceae 4: 2363. 1960, nom. inval. syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#26.9.1 Cereus fernambucensis subsp. fernambucensis. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#26.10.1 Cereus fernambucensis subsp. sericifer (F.Ritter) N.P.Taylor & Zappi in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 7. 1997. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#26.10.1Piptanthocereus sericifer F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 232. 1979 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Cereus sericifer (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun in Bradleya 6: 86. 1988 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#26.11.1 Cereus forbesii C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk.: 398. 1846. Sec. Jørgensen & al. (2014)

Syn.#26.11.2= Piptanthocereus forbesii Riccob. in Boll. Reale Orto Bot. Palermo 8: 228. 1909 syn. sec. Jørgensen & al. (2014)

Syn.#26.11.3= Piptanthocereus labouretianus Riccob. in Boll. Reale Orto Bot. Palermo 8: 231. 1909 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.11.4= Piptanthocereus forbesii var. bolivianus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 554. 1980 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#26.12.1 Cereus fricii Backeb. in Monatsschr. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 2: 164. 1930. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#26.12.1Cephalocereus fricii (Backeb.) Borg, Cacti, ed. 2: 149. 1951 syn. sec. Tropicos Subpilocereus fricii (Backeb.) Guiggi in Cactology 2: 19. 2010 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#26.12.2= Cereus russellianus Hort.Berol. ex Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 201. 1850 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920) Pilocereus russellianus (Hort.Berol. ex Salm-Dyck) Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 682. 1885 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920) Cephalocereus russellianus (Hort.Berol. ex Salm-Dyck) Rose, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 2: 715. 1914 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Subpilocereus russellianus (Hort.Berol. ex Salm-Dyck) Backeb. in Kakteenkunde 1941: 59. 1941 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#26.12.3= Cereus margaritensis var. micracanthus Hummelinck in Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 45: 51. 1938 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Subpilocereus margaritensis var. micranthus (Hummelinck) Backeb. in Kakteenkunde 1941: 60. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Subpilocereus russelianus var. micracanthus (Hummelinck) Backeb., Cactaceae 4: 2381. 1960 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Subpilocereus repandus subsp. micracanthus (Hummelinck) Trujillo & Marisela Ponce in Ernstia 47: 28. 1988 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#26.13.1 Cereus hankeanus F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 88. 1897. Sec. Jørgensen & al. (2014)

Syn.#26.13.1Piptanthocereus hankeanus (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.) Riccob. in Boll. Reale Orto Bot. Palermo 8: 229. 1909 syn. sec. Jørgensen & al. (2014)

Acc.#26.14.1 Cereus hexagonus (L.) Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8: Cereus No. 1. 1768. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#26.14.1Cactus hexagonus L., Sp. Pl.: 466. 1753 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#26.14.2= ?Cereus surinamensis Trew, Ephem. Nat. Cur. 3: 394. 1733 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#26.14.3= Cactus hexagonus Lam., Encycl. 1(2): 538. 1785 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#26.14.4= Cactus regalis Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16, 2: 496. 1825 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.14.5= Cereus horridus Otto ex Pfeiff. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 5: 370. 1837 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.14.6= Cereus thalassinus Otto & A.Dietr. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 6: 34. 1838 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Acanthocereus thalassinus (Otto & A.Dietr.) Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 133. 1937 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.14.7= Cactus octogonus Page ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 246. 1840 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#26.14.8= Cereus northumberlandianus Lamb. in Gard. Mag. (London) 17: 91. 1841 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#26.14.9= Cereus perrottetianus Lem., Icon. Cact.: pl. 8. 1841 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#26.14.10= Cereus thalassinus var. quadrangularis C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk.: 399. 1846 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#26.14.11= Cereus lepidotus Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 207. 1850 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920) Piptanthocereus lepidotus Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1934(12): 7. 1934 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.14.12= Cereus perlucens K.Schum. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 10: 173. 1900 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Pilocereus perlucens (K.Schum.) Werderm., Bras. Säulenkakt.: 112. 1933 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cephalocereus perlucens (K.Schum.) Borg, Cacti, ed. 2: 144. 1951 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Pilosocereus perlucens (K.Schum.) Byles & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 19(3): 67. 1957 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#26.14.13= Cereus horridus var. alatosquamatus Werderm. in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 452. 1935 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.14.14= Cereus longiflorus Alexander in Lloydia 2: 199. 1939 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#26.14.15Cactus peruvianus DC., Pl. Hist. Succ.: t. 58. 1800, nom. inval. syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Notes. – Taylor & Zappi (2019) suggest that C. lepidotus may be distinct from C. hexagonus. [Franck (2021)]

Acc.#26.15.1 Cereus hildmannianus K.Schum., Fl. Bras. 4(2): 202. 1890. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#26.15.2= Cactus abnormis Willd., Enum. Pl., Suppl.: 31. 1814 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cereus abnormis (Willd.) Sweet, Hort. Brit.: 171. 1826 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.15.3= Cereus calvescens DC. in Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 116. 1828 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.15.4= Cereus peruvianus var. monstrosus DC., Prodr. 3: 464. 1828 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Piptanthocereus peruvianus var. monstruosus (DC.) Riccob. in Boll. Reale Orto Bot. Palermo 8: 233. 1909 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cactus peruvianus var. monstruosus DC., Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp.: 13. 1813, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.15.5= Cereus validus Haw. in Philos. Mag. Ann. Chem. 10: 414. 1831 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Piptanthocereus validus (Haw.) Riccob. in Boll. Reale Orto Bot. Palermo 8: 234. 1909 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.15.6= ?Cereus alacriportanus Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 87. 1837 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Cereus peruvianus var. alacriportanus (Pfeiff.) K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 115. 1897 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) ≡ ?Piptanthocereus alacriportanus (Pfeiff.) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 236. 1979 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#26.15.7= Cereus curvispinus Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 89. 1837 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.15.8= Cereus monstrosus Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 334. 1840 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cereus monstruosus K.Schum. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(6a): 178. 1894 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.15.9= Cereus bonariensis C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk.: 388. 1846 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.15.10= Cereus peruvianus subvar. nanus Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 203. 1850 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.15.11= Cereus childsii Blanc, Hints Cacti: 39. 1891 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.15.12= Cereus haematuricus F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 112. 1897 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#26.15.13= Cereus paraguayensis K.Schum. ex Chodat & Hassl. in Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 3: 249. 1903 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#26.15.14= Cereus xanthocarpus K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt., Nachtr. 1: 32. 1903 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Piptanthocereus xanthocarpus (K.Schum.) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 258. 1979 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cereus hildmannianus subsp. xanthocarpus (K.Schum.) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Succulenta (Netherlands) 74: 84. 1995 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.15.15= Cereus milesimus Rost in Desert Pl. Life 4: 43. 1932 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#26.15.16= Cereus peruvianus var. persicinus Werderm. in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 448. 1935 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.15.17= Cereus peruvianus var. proferrens Werderm. in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 448. 1935 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.15.18= Cereus peruvianus var. reclinatus Werderm. in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 448. 1935 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.15.19= Cereus peruvianus var. ovicarpus Hertrich in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 11: 12. 1939 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.15.20= Piptanthocereus bageanus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 238. 1979 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cereus alacriportanus var. bageanus (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun in Bradleya 6: 86. 1988 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.15.21= Piptanthocereus neonesioticus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 237. 1979 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Cereus neonesioticus (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun in Bradleya 6: 86. 1988 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#26.15.22= Piptanthocereus neonesioticus var. interior F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 237. 1979 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Cereus neonesioticus var. interior (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun in Bradleya 6: 86. 1988 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#26.16.1 Cereus hildmannianus subsp. hildmannianus. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#26.17.1 Cereus hildmannianus subsp. uruguayanus (R.Kiesling) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 6: 15. 1998. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#26.17.1Cereus uruguayanus R.Kiesling in Darwiniana 24(1-4): 448. 1982 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#26.17.2Piptanthocereus uruguayanus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 244. 1979, nom. inval. syn. sec. Hunt (1999)

Acc.#26.18.1 Cereus horrispinus Backeb. in Monatsschr. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 2: 164. 1930. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#26.18.1Pilocereus horrispinus (Backeb.) Backeb. in Möller's Deutsche Gärtn.-Zeitung 45: 82. 1930 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Subpilocereus horrispinus (Backeb.) Backeb. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 23: 123. 1951 syn. sec. Tropicos Subpilocereus fricii subsp. horrispinus (Backeb.) Guiggi in Cactology 2: 20. 2010 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#26.18.2= Subpilocereus ottonis Backeb. in Cactaceae (Berlin) 1943(5): 88. 1944 ["1943"] syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#26.19.1 Cereus huilunchu Cárdenas in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1951: 49. 1951. Sec. Jørgensen & al. (2014)

Syn.#26.19.1Piptanthocereus huilunchu (Cárdenas) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 556. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#26.20.1 Cereus insularis Hemsl. in Rep. Challenger, Bot. 1(2): 16. 1884. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#26.20.1Monvillea insularis (Hemsl.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 23, f. 21. 1920 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#26.20.2= ?Cereus ridleii Andrade-Lima ex Backeb., Cactaceae 4: 2352. 1960 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#26.21.1 Cereus jamacaru DC., Prodr. 3: 467. 1828. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#26.21.1Cactus jamacaru (DC.) Kostel. in Allg. Med.-Pharm. 4: 1893. 1835 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Piptanthocereus jamacaru (DC.) Riccob. in Boll. Reale Orto Bot. Palermo 8: 229. 1909 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.21.2= Cereus glaucus Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck.: 35. 1834 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#26.21.3= Cereus lividus Pfeiff. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 3: 380. 1835 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#26.21.4= Cereus horribarbis Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 205. 1850 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920) Acanthocereus horribarbis (Salm-Dyck) Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 133. 1937

Syn.#26.21.5= Cereus jamacaru var. glaucus Ladenberg in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 3: 70. 1893 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Piptanthocereus jamacaru var. glauca (Ladenberg) Riccob. in Boll. Reale Orto Bot. Palermo 8: 231. 1909 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.21.6= Cereus cauchinii Rebut, Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 113. 1897 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#26.21.7= Cereus jamacaru var. caesius Salm-Dyck in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 18: 90. 1908 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Piptanthocereus jamacaru var. caesia (Salm-Dyck) Riccob. in Boll. Reale Orto Bot. Palermo 8: 230. 1909 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.21.8= Piptanthocereus jamacaru var. cyanea Riccob. in Boll. Reale Orto Bot. Palermo 8: 230. 1909 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.21.9= Piptanthocereus goiasensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 234. 1979 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Cereus goiasensis (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun in Bradleya 6: 86. 1988 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Cereus jamacaru subsp. goiasensis (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Succulenta (Netherlands) 74: 84. 1995 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#26.22.1 Cereus jamacaru subsp. calcirupicola (F.Ritter) N.P.Taylor & Zappi in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 7. 1997. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#26.22.1Piptanthocereus calcirupicola F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 234–235. 1979 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Cereus calcirupicola (F.Ritter) Rizzini in Revista Brasil. Biol. 46: 782. 1987 ["1986"] syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#26.22.2= Piptanthocereus cabralensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 235. 1979 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Cereus calcirupicola var. cabralensis (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun in Bradleya 6: 86. 1988 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Cereus calcirupicola subsp. cabralensis (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Succulenta (Netherlands) 74: 83. 1995 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#26.22.3= Piptanthocereus calcirupicola var. pluricostatus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 235. 1979 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cereus calcirupicola var. pluricostatus (F.Ritter) Rizzini in Revista Brasil. Biol. 46: 784. 1987 ["1986"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.22.4= Piptanthocereus cipoensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 236. 1979 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Cereus calcirupicola var. cipoensis (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun in Bradleya 6: 86. 1988 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Cereus calcirupicola subsp. cipoensis (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Succulenta (Netherlands) 74: 83. 1995 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#26.22.5= Cereus calcirupicola var. albicans Rizzini in Revista Brasil. Biol. 46: 784. 1987 ["1986"] syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#26.23.1 Cereus jamacaru subsp. jamacaru. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#26.24.1 Cereus lamprospermus K.Schum. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 9: 166. 1899. Sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.24.1Piptanthocereus lamprospermus (K.Schum.) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 259. 1979 syn. sec. Jørgensen & al. (2014)

Syn.#26.24.2= ?Cereus braunii Cárdenas in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1956: 2. 1956 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#26.25.1 Cereus lamprospermus subsp. colosseus (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Succulenta (Netherlands) 74(2): 84. 1995. Sec. Jørgensen & al. (2014)

Syn.#26.25.1Piptanthocereus colosseus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 553-554. 1980 syn. sec. Jørgensen & al. (2014) Cereus colosseus (F.Ritter) Guiggi in Cactology 3: 6. 2012 syn. sec. Jørgensen & al. (2014)

Syn.#26.25.2= Cereus grandicostatus Werderm. in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 460. 1935 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#26.26.1 Cereus lamprospermus subsp. lamprospermus. Sec. Jørgensen & al. (2014)

Acc.#26.27.1 Cereus lanosus (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun in Bradleya 6: 86. 1988. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#26.27.1Piptanthocereus lanosus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 259. 1979 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#26.28.1 Cereus mirabella N.P.Taylor in Bradleya 9: 85. 1991. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#26.28.2= Mirabella minensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 111. 1979 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Monvillea minensis (F.Ritter) R.Kiesling in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 66(4): 165. 1994 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#26.29.1 Cereus mortensenii (Croizat) D.R.Hunt & N.P.Taylor in Bradleya 9: 85. 1991. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#26.29.1Pilocereus mortensenii Croizat in Noved. Ci., Ser. Bot. no. 1: 3. 1960 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Pilosocereus mortensenii (Croizat) Backeb., Cactaceae 4: 2450. 1960 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Subpilocereus mortensenii (Croizat) Trujillo & Marisela Ponce in Ernstia 47: 28. 1988 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Praepilosocereus mortensenii (Croizat) Guiggi in Cactology 2: 19. 2010

Syn.#26.29.2= Pilosocereus gruberi Schatzl & H.Till in Kakteen And. Sukk. 33: 9. 1982 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#26.30.1 Cereus phatnospermus K.Schum. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 9: 186. 1899. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#26.30.1Monvillea phatnosperma (K.Schum.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 24. 1920 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.30.2= Monvillea adelmarii Rizzini & A.Mattos in Revista Brasil. Biol. 45(3): 301. 1985 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Cereus adelmarii (Rizzini & A.Mattos) P.J.Braun in Bradleya 6: 86. 1988 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Cereus phatnospermus subsp. adelmarii (Rizzini & A.Mattos) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 48: 142. 1997 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Monvillea phatnosperma subsp. adelmarii (Rizzini & A.Mattos) Lodé in Cact.-Avent. Int. 101: 14. 2014 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.30.3= Monvillea kroenleinii R.Kiesling in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 66(4): 159. 1994 syn. sec. Tropicos Cereus kroeneinii (R.Kiesling) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Succulenta (Netherlands) 74(2): 84. 1995 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Monvillea phatnosperma subsp. kroenleinii (N.P.Taylor) Lodé in Cact.-Avent. Int. 98(Suppl.): 6. 2013 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.30.4= Cereus kroenleinii N.P.Taylor in Kew Bull. 50: 819. 1995 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Cereus phatnospermus subsp. kroenleinii (N.P.Taylor) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 48: 142. 1997 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.30.5= Monvillea phatnosperma var. arenasii Oakley & R.Kiesling in Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 50: 251. 2015 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#26.31.1 Cereus pierre-braunianus Esteves in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 75(6): 266. 2003. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#26.31.1Cereus pierrebraunianus Esteves in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 75: 266. 2003 syn. sec. TPL (2013) [is orthographic variant for Cereus pierre-braunianus Esteves]

Acc.#26.32.1 Cereus repandus (L.) Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8: Cereus 5. 1768. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#26.32.1Cactus repandus L., Sp. Pl.: 467. 1753 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Cereus repandus (L.) Haw., Syn. Pl. Succ.: 183. 1812 Pilocereus repandus (L.) K.Schum. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(6a): 181. 1894 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Subpilocereus repandus (L.) Backeb. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 23: 123. 1951 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#26.32.2= Cactus peruvianus L., Sp. Pl.: 467. 1753 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Cereus peruvianus (L.) Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8: Cereus 4. 1768 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Piptanthocereus peruvianus (L.) Riccob. in Boll. Reale Orto Bot. Palermo 8: 232. 1909 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.32.3= ?Cereus repandus var. laetevirens Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck.: 335. 1834 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#26.32.4= Cereus decandollei Pfeiff. ex C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk.: 389. 1846 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920) Cereus decandollii Pfeiff. ex C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk.: 389. 1846 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#26.32.5= Cereus peruvianus var. brasiliensis C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk.: 390. 1846 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#26.32.6= Cereus tinei Tod., Index Seminum (PAL) 1857: 39. 1857 syn. sec. Schumann (1899)

Syn.#26.32.7= ?Cereus spinosissimus C.F.Först. in Hamburger Garten- Blumenzeitung 17: 165. 1861 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#26.32.8= Cereus hermannianus Suringar in Verslagen Meded. Afd. Natuurk. Kon. Akad. Wetensch., ser. 3, 2: 194. 1886 ["1885"] syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#26.32.9= Cereus peruvianus var. cristatus Graebener in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 11: 29. 1901 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#26.32.10= Cereus margaritensis J.R.Johnst. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 40: 693. 1905 syn. sec. Tropicos Subpilocereus margaritensis (J.R.Johnst.) Backeb. in Beitr. Sukkulentenk. Sukkulentenpflege 1941: 60. 1941 syn. sec. Tropicos Pilocereus russelianus subsp. margaritensis (J.R.Johnst.) Croizat in Noved. Ci., Ser. Bot. 1: 3. 1950 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Subpilocereus russelianus var. margaritensis (J.R.Johnst.) Backeb. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 23: 123. 1951 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.32.11= Cereus grenadensis Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 18, 223. 1920 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Subpilocereus grenadensis (Britton & Rose) Backeb., Cactaceae 4: 2383. 1960 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#26.32.12= Cereus remolinensis Backeb. in Monatsschr. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 2: 162. 1930 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cephalocereus remolinensis (Backeb.) Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 106. 1937 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Subpilocereus remolinensis (Backeb.) Backeb. in Kakteenkunde 1941: 59. 1941 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#26.32.13= Pilocereus fricii Backeb. in Möller's Deutsche Gärtn.-Zeitung 45: 81. 1930 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.32.14= Cereus atroviridis Backeb., Neue Kakteen: 69. 1931 syn. sec. Tropicos Pilocereus atroviridis (Backeb.) Backeb. in Möller's Deutsche Gärtn.-Zeitung 45: 82. 1930 syn. sec. Tropicos Subpilocereus atroviridis (Backeb.) Backeb. in Kakteenkunde 1941: 59. 1941 syn. sec. Tropicos Cephalocereus atroviridis (Backeb.) Borg, Cacti, ed. 2: 149. 1951 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.32.15= Subpilocereus repandus var. weberi Backeb., Cactaceae 4: 2385. 1960 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.32.16= Stenocereus peruvianus (Mill.) R.Kiesling in Darwiniana 24: 446. 1982, nom. illeg. syn. sec. Tropicos

Acc.#26.33.1 Cereus saddianus (Rizzini & A.Mattos) P.J.Braun in Bradleya 6: 86. 1988. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#26.33.1Monvillea saddiana Rizzini & A.Mattos in Revista Brasil. Biol. 45: 304. 1985 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#26.34.1 Cereus spegazzinii F.A.C.Weber in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 9: 102. 1899. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#26.34.1Piptanthocereus spegazzinii (F.A.C.Weber) Riccob. in Boll. Reale Orto Bot. Palermo 8: 233. 1909 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Monvillea spegazzinii (F.A.C.Weber) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 23, f. 22. 1920 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#26.34.2= Cereus anisitsii K.Schum. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 9: 185. 1899 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Monvillea anisitsii (K.Schum.) A.Berger, Kakteen: 154, 343. 1929 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.34.3= Cereus lindenzweigianus Gürke in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 16: 146. 1906 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Monvillea lindenzweigiana (Gürke) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 183. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Piptanthocereus lindenzweigianus (Gürke) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 260. 1979 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#26.34.4= Cereus spegazzinii var. hassleri Weing. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 32: 163. 1922 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#26.34.5= Monvillea haageana Backeb. in Sukkulentenkunde 2: 54. 1948 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Cereus haageanus (Backeb.) N.P.Taylor in Bradleya 9: 85. 1991 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#26.34.6= Monvillea ebenacantha F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 512. 1980 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cereus spegazzinii var. ebenacanthus (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Succulenta (Netherlands) 74: 84. 1995 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#26.35.1 Cereus stenogonus K.Schum. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 9: 165. 1899. Sec. Jørgensen & al. (2014)

Syn.#26.35.1Piptanthocereus stenogonus (K.Schum.) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 258. 1979 syn. sec. Jørgensen & al. (2014)

Syn.#26.35.2= Cereus dayami Speg. in Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, ser. 3, 4: 480. 1905 syn. sec. Jørgensen & al. (2014) Piptanthocereus dayamii (Speg.) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 554. 1980 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#26.35.3= Cereus platygonus Speg. in Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, ser. 3, 4: 481. 1905 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#26.35.4= Cereus argentinensis Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 11. 1920 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#26.35.5= Cereus roseiflorus Speg. in Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 99: 113. 1925 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#26.36.1 Cereus tacuaralensis Cárdenas in Cactus (Paris) 80-81: 19. 1964. Sec. Jørgensen & al. (2014)

Acc.#26.37.1 Cereus trigonodendron K.Schum. ex Vaupel in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 5(50): 286. 1913. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#26.38.1 Cereus vargasianus Cárdenas in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1951: 34. 1951. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#26.39.1 Cereus yungasensis A.Fuentes & Quispe in Revista Soc. Boliv. Bot. 4(2): 198, f. 1, 2. 2009. Sec. Jørgensen & al. (2014)

Acc.#27. Chamaecereus Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 48. 1922. Sec. Hunt (2016) Type: Chamaecereus silvestrii (Speg.) Britton & Rose

Notes. – Excluded from Echinopsis by Schlumpberger & Renner (2012); cf. Hunt (2016), CITES Cactaceae Checklist 3rd edition; see also note under Echinopsis. [Schlumpberger (2021)]

Acc.#27.1.1 Chamaecereus saltensis (Speg.) Schlumpb. in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 28: 29. 2012. Sec. Schlumpberger (2012)

Syn.#27.1.1Echinopsis saltensis Speg. in Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, ser. 3, 4: 487. 1905 syn. sec. Schlumpberger (2012) Lobivia saltensis (Speg.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 53, f. 70. 1922

Syn.#27.1.2= Lobivia nealeana Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1934(1): 6. 1934 Echinopsis nealeana (Backeb.) H.Friedrich in Kakteen And. Sukk. 25: 82. 1974 syn. sec. Tropicos Lobivia saltensis var. nealeana (Backeb.) Rausch, Lobivia: 132. 1975 Echinopsis saltensis var. nealeana (Backeb.) J.G.Lamb., Cactus Argentine, ed. 2: 65. 1998

Syn.#27.1.3= Lobivia pseudocachensis Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1934(5): 5, genus 57, sp. 11. 1934 Echinopsis pseudocachensis (Backeb.) H.Friedrich in Kakteen And. Sukk. 25: 82. 1974 syn. sec. Tropicos Lobivia saltensis var. pseudocachensis (Backeb.) Rausch, Lobivia 85: 117. 1987 ["1985"] Echinopsis saltensis var. pseudocachensis (Backeb.) J.G.Lamb., Cactus Argentine, ed. 2: 66. 1998

Syn.#27.1.4= Lobivia emmae Backeb. in Spine 1: 109. 1948 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia saltensis var. emmae (Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 44: 81. 1982 Lobivia saltensis f. emmae (Backeb.) J.Ullmann in Kaktusy (Brno) 28: 7. 1992

Syn.#27.1.5= Lobivia saltensis var. zapallarensis Rausch, Lobivia 85: 120, 144. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#27.2.1 Chamaecereus schreiteri (A.Cast.) Schlumpb. in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 28: 29. 2012. Sec. Schlumpberger (2012)

Syn.#27.2.1Lobivia schreiteri A.Cast. in Monatsschr. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 2: 59. 1930 syn. sec. Schlumpberger (2012) Echinopsis schreiteri (A.Cast.) Werderm. ex Backeb., Neue Kakteen: 85. 1931 Lobivia saltensis var. schreiteri (A.Cast.) Rausch, Lobivia: 132. 1975 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinopsis saltensis subsp. schreiteri (A.Cast.) M.Lowry in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 7. 2003

Syn.#27.2.2= Lobivia schreiteri var. riolarensis Rausch, Lobivia 85: 145. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#27.3.1 Chamaecereus silvestrii (Speg.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 48, fig. 61. 1922. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#27.3.1Cereus silvestrii Speg. in Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, ser. 3, 4: 483. 1905 Lobivia silvestrii (Speg.) G.D.Rowley in Nat. Cact. & Succ. Journ. 12: 68. 1967 Echinopsis chamaecereus H.Friedrich & Glaetzle in Bradleya 1: 96. 1983 syn. sec. IPNI

Syn.#27.3.2= Cereus silvestrii var. crassicaulis Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1934(8): 8. 1934 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#27.4.1 Chamaecereus stilowianus (Backeb.) Schlumpb. in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 28: 29. 2012. Sec. Schlumpberger (2012)

Syn.#27.4.1Lobivia stilowiana Backeb. in Sukkulentenkunde 3: 31. 1949 syn. sec. Schlumpberger (2012) Lobivia saltensis var. stilowiana (Backeb.) Rausch, Lobivia: 132. 1975 Lobivia schreiteri var. stilowiana (Backeb.) Rausch, Lobivia 85: 121. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinopsis stilowiana (Backeb.) M.Lowry in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 7. 2003 Echinopsis stilowiana (Backeb.) J.G.Lamb., Cact. d'Argentine, ed. 2: 70. 1998 syn. sec. Schlumpberger (2012)

Acc.#28. Cipocereus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 54. 1979. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Type: Cipocereus pleurocarpus F.Ritter

Syn.#28.g1= Floribunda F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 58. 1979 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004). Type: Floribunda pusilliflora F.Ritter

Notes. – Phylogenetics: The three Cipocereus species sampled by Franco & al. (2017) formed a well-supported clade that was nested in Cereus, sister to Cereus subg. Mirabella. The authors of that study did not make any conclusions as to whether Cipocereus should be merged in Cereus, therefore Cipocereus is still accepted here. See also note under Cereus. [Korotkova & al. (2021)]

Acc.#28.1.1 Cipocereus bradei (Backeb. & Voll) Zappi & N.P.Taylor in Bradleya 9: 86. 1991. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#28.1.1Pilocereus bradei Backeb. & Voll in Jahrb. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 1941: 78. 1942 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Cephalocereus bradei (Backeb. & Voll) Borg, Cacti, ed. 2: 147. 1951 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Pilosocereus bradei (Backeb. & Voll) Byles & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 19(3): 66. 1957 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Pseudopilocereus bradei (Backeb. & Voll) Buxb. in Beitr. Biol. Pflanzen 44: 252. 1968 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#28.2.1 Cipocereus crassisepalus (Buining & Brederoo) Zappi & N.P.Taylor in Bradleya 9: 86. 1991. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#28.2.1Cereus crassisepalus Buining & Brederoo in Krainz, Kakteen 53: CIVb. 1973 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Piptanthocereus crassisepalus (Buining & Brederoo) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 238. 1979 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Pilosocereus crassisepalus (Buining & Brederoo) Anceschi & Magli in Cactusinhabitat S. Amer. 2005/2010: 33. 2010 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#28.3.1 Cipocereus laniflorus N.P.Taylor & Zappi in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 7. 1997. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#28.3.1Pilosocereus laniflorus (N.P.Taylor & Zappi) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Schumannia 3: 188. 2002 ["2001"] syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#28.4.1 Cipocereus minensis (Werderm.) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 57. 1979. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#28.4.1Cereus minensis Werderm., Bras. Säulenkakt.: 93. 1933 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Pilocereus minensis (Werderm.) Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1935(1): 2. 1935 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Cephalocereus minensis (Werderm.) L.Y.Dawson in Los Angeles County Mus. Contr. Sci. 10: 6. 1957 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Pilosocereus minensis (Werderm.) Byles & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 19(3): 67. 1957 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Coleocephalocereus minensis (Werderm.) F.H.Brandt in Succulenta (Netherlands) 60: 117. 1981 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#28.4.2= Cipocereus pleurocarpus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 54. 1979 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Coleocephalocereus pleurocarpus (F.Ritter) F.H.Brandt in Succulenta (Netherlands) 60: 117. 1981 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Pilosocereus pleurocarpus (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun in Bradleya 6: 88. 1988 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Cipocereus minensis subsp. pleurocarpus (F.Ritter) N.P.Taylor & Zappi in Bol. Bot. Univ. São Paulo 12: 48. 1991 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#28.5.1 Cipocereus minensis subsp. leiocarpus N.P.Taylor & Zappi, Cacti Eastern Brazil: 288. 2004. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#28.6.1 Cipocereus minensis subsp. minensis. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#28.7.1 Cipocereus pusilliflorus (F.Ritter) Zappi & N.P.Taylor in Bradleya 9: 86. 1991. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#28.7.1Floribunda pusilliflora F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 58–60. 1979 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Pilosocereus pusilliflorus (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun in Bradleya 6: 90. 1988 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#29. Cleistocactus Lem. in Ill. Hort. 8: Misc. 35. 1861. Sec. Hunt (2016) Type: Cleistocactus baumannii (Lem.) Lem.

Syn.#29.g1= Cleistocereus Frič & Kreuz. in Succulenta (Netherlands) 18: 120. 1936 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#29.0.2= Bolivicereus Cárdenas in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 23: 91. 1951 syn. sec. Hunt (2016). Type: Bolivicereus samaipatanus Cárdenas

Syn.#29.0.3= Cephalocleistocactus F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands): 108. 1959 syn. sec. Hunt (2016). Type: Cephalocleistocactus chrysocephalus F.Ritter

Syn.#29.0.4= Winteria F.Ritter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 13: 4. 1962, nom. illeg. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#29.0.5= Seticleistocactus Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 13. 1963 syn. sec. Hunt (2016). Type: Seticleistocactus piraymirensis (Cárdenas) Backeb.

Syn.#29.0.6= Winterocereus Backeb., Kakteenlex.: 455. 1966 syn. sec. Hunt (2016). Type: Winterocereus aureispinus (F.Ritter) Backeb.

Syn.#29.0.7Hildewintera F.Ritter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 17: 11. 1966, nom. inval. syn. sec. Hunt (2016). Type: Hildewintera aureispina (F.Ritter) F.Ritter ex G.D.Rowley

Notes. – The broad circumscription of Cleistocactus as employed by Anderson (2001, 2005), and Hunt (2006) goes back to the Cactaceae consensus classification reported by Hunt & Taylor (1986), where the predominantly ornithophilous floral syndrome was used as diagnostic character. Schlumpberger & Renner (2012) found that Cleistocactus s.l. is polyphyletic - the monotypic Cephalocleistocactus was placed as sister to Yungasocereus, while Cleistocactus s.str. is sister to Vatricania next to Weberbauerocereus, and two terminals representing the former Borzicactus and Loxanthocereus are placed in the Oreocereus clade, the former next to Matucana, and the latter next to Haageocereus. Deciding whether Cleistocactus s.l. should be retained or split up is difficult, since sampling of the group and its possible sister taxa is still inadequate. The affiliation of Loxanthocereus with Haageocereus was seen earlier and Nyffeler & Eggli (2010) listed it as synonym of Haageocereus. [Hernández-Ledesma & al. (2015)]

Acc.#29.1.1 Cleistocactus baumannii (Lem.) Lem. in Ill. Hort. 8: Misc. 35. 1861. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.1.1Cereus baumannii Lem. in Hort. Universel 5: 126. 1844 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Aporocactus baumannii (Lem.) Lem. in Ill. Hort. 7: Misc. 67. 1860 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Echinopsis baumannii (Lem.) Anceschi & Magli in Cactusinhabitat S. Amer. 2011/2013: 37. 2013 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.1.2= Cereus flavispinus Salm-Dyck, Observ. Bot. Hort. Dyck. 3: 5. 1822 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#29.1.3= Cactus flavispinus Colla, Hortus Ripul.: 24. 1824 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Cereus flavispinus (Colla) Haw. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 334. 1840 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#29.1.4= Cereus subtortuosus C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk.: 409. 1846 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#29.1.5= Cereus colubrinus var. flavispinus Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 215. 1850 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#29.1.6= Cereus tweediei Hook. in Bot. Mag. 76: t. 4498. 1850 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#29.1.7= Cereus baumannii var. flavispinus Salm-Dyck ex K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 133. 1897 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cleistocactus baumannii var. flavispinus (Salm-Dyck) Riccob. in Boll. Reale Orto Bot. Palermo 8: 266. 1909 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cleistocactus colubrinus var. flavispinus (Salm-Dyck) Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 150. 1937 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Cleistocactus flavispinus (K.Schum.) Backeb., Cactaceae 2: 1000. 1959 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#29.1.8= Cleistocactus aureispinus Frič in Möller's Deutsche Gärtn.-Zeitung 43: 267. 1928 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.1.9= Cleistocactus bruneispinus Backeb., Cactaceae 2: 1001. 1959 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#29.1.10= Cleistocactus jugatiflorus Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3685. 1962 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#29.2.1 Cleistocactus baumannii subsp. baumannii. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.2.2= Cereus colubrinus Otto ex C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk.: 409. 1846 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Cereus colubrinus Otto ex Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 50, 215. 1850, nom. illeg. syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Aporocactus colubrinus (Otto ex C.F.Först.) Lem. in Ill. Hort. 7(Misc.): 67. 1860 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Cleistocactus colubrinus (Otto ex C.F.Först.) Lem. in Ill. Hort. 8(Misc.): 35. 1861 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Cereus baumannii var. colubrinus K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 113. 1897 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Cleistocactus baumannii var. colubrinus (Otto ex C.F.Först.) Riccob. in Boll. Reale Orto Bot. Palermo 8: 266. 1909 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Acc.#29.3.1 Cleistocactus baumannii subsp. horstii (P.J.Braun) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 6: 15. 1998. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.3.1Cleistocactus horstii P.J.Braun in Kakteen And. Sukk. 33: 208. 1982 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Echinopsis horstii (P.J.Braun) Anceschi & Magli in Cactusinhabitat S. Amer. 2011/2013: 38. 2013 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Acc.#29.4.1 Cleistocactus baumannii subsp. santacruzensis (Backeb.) Mottram in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 61: 156. 1989. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.4.1Cleistocactus santacruzensis Backeb., Kakteenlex.: 89. 1966 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Echinopsis santacruzensis (Backeb.) Anceschi & Magli in Cactusinhabitat S. Amer. 2011/2013: 40. 2013 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.4.2= Cereus anguinus Gürke in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 17: 166. 1907 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Cleistocactus anguinus (Gürke) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 175. 1920 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Cleistocactus baumannii subsp. anguinus (Gürke) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Succulenta (Netherlands) 74: 84. 1995 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.4.3= Cereus grossei Weing. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 18: 8. 1908 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Cleistocactus grossei (Weing.) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 189. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. WFO 2019 Cleistocactus colubrinus var. grossei (Weing.) Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 150. 1937 syn. sec. WFO 2019 Cleistocactus baumannii var. grossei (Weing.) W.T.Marshall in Marshall & Bock, Cactaceae: 106. 1941 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#29.4.4= Cleistocactus croceiflorus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 272. 1979 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Cleistocactus baumannii subsp. croceiflorus (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Succulenta (Netherlands) 74: 84. 1995

Syn.#29.4.5= Cleistocactus paraguariensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 273. 1979 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Cleistocactus baumannii var. paraguariensis (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Succulenta (Netherlands) 74: 84. 1995

Syn.#29.4.6= Cleistocactus chacoanus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 671. 1980 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Cleistocactus baumannii subsp. chacoanus (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Succulenta (Netherlands) 74: 84. 1995

Syn.#29.4.7= Cleistocactus chacoanus var. santacruzensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 672, fig. 1980 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Acc.#29.5.1 Cleistocactus brookeae Cárdenas in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 24: 144. 1952. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.5.2= Cleistocactus brookeae var. flavispinus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 680. 1980 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Acc.#29.6.1 Cleistocactus brookeae subsp. brookeae. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.6.2= Cleistocactus wendlandiorum Backeb. in Kakteen And. Sukk. 6: 115. 1955 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Acc.#29.7.1 Cleistocactus brookeae subsp. vulpis-cauda (F.Ritter & Cullmann) Mottram in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 13: 10. 2002. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.7.1Cleistocactus vulpis-cauda F.Ritter & Cullmann in Kakteen And. Sukk. 13: 38. 1962 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Acc.#29.8.1 Cleistocactus buchtienii Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 411, 189. 1936 ["1935"]. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.8.1Echinopsis buchtienii (Backeb.) Anceschi & Magli in Cactusinhabitat S. Amer. 2011/2013: 37. 2013 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Cleistocactus buchtienii Backeb. in Cact. J. (Croydon) 3: 25, in obs. 1935, nom. nud. syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.8.2= Cereus tupizensis Vaupel in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 26: 124. 1916 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Cleistocactus tupizensis (Vaupel) Backeb. in Kakteen-Freund 3: 123. 1934 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Cleistocactus tupizensis (Vaupel) Backeb. in Backeberg & Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 190. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.8.3= Cleistocactus buchtienii var. flavispinus Cárdenas in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 24: 182. 1952 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.8.4= Cleistocactus sucrensis Cárdenas in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 24: 148. 1952 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Cleistocactus tupizensis var. sucrensis (Cárdenas) Backeb., Cactaceae 2: 1012. 1959 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.8.5= Cleistocactus angosturensis Cárdenas in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 28: 60. 1956 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.8.6= Cleistocactus ayopayanus Cárdenas in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 28: 58. 1956 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.8.7= Cleistocactus ressinianus Cárdenas in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 28: 55. 1956 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Acc.#29.9.1 Cleistocactus candelilla Cárdenas in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 24: 146. 1952. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.9.1Echinopsis candelilla (Cárdenas) Anceschi & Magli in Cactusinhabitat S. Amer. 2011/2013: 38. 2013 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.9.2= Cleistocactus candelilla var. pojoensis Cárdenas in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 24: 147. 1952 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Cleistocactus pojoensis (Cárdenas) Backeb., Cactaceae 2: 1003. 1959 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.9.3= Cleistocactus dependens Cárdenas in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 24: 141, f. 86–88. 1952 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Seticleistocactus dependens (Cárdenas) Backeb., Kakteenlex.: 406. 1966 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.9.4= Cleistocactus ianthinus Cárdenas in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 28: 57, f. 33, 34. 1956 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.9.5= Cleistocactus vallegrandensis Cárdenas in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 33: 75. 1961 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Acc.#29.10.1 Cleistocactus hildegardiae F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 685. 1980. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Acc.#29.11.1 Cleistocactus hyalacanthus (K.Schum.) Rol.-Goss. in Bull. Mens. Soc. Centr. Agric. Hort. Arboric. Nice Alpes Maritimes 33: 44. 1904. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.11.1Cereus hyalacanthus K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 101. 1897 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Cleistocactus hyalacanthus subsp. hyalacanthus syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.11.2= Demnosa strausii var. luteispina Frič in Möller's Deutsche Gärtn.-Zeitung 44: 170. 1929 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#29.11.3= Pilocereus strausii var. fricii Dörfl. in Monatsschr. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 2: 55. 1930 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cleistocactus strausii var. fricii (Dörfl.) Backeb., Cactaceae 2: 1015. 1959 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#29.11.4= Cleistocactus strausii var. jujuyensis Backeb. in Cact. J. (London) 3: 25. 1934 syn. sec. Tropicos Cleistocactus jujuyensis (Backeb.) Backeb. in Beitr. Sukkulentenk. Sukkulentenpflege 1942: 50. 1942 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Pilocereus jujuyensis (Backeb.) Anon. in Cact. & Vetpl. (Amsterdam) 8: 5. 1942 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.11.5= Cleistocactus hyalacanthus Backeb., Veröff. Deutsch. Kakt.-Ges. 5: 50. 1942, nom. illeg. syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#29.11.6= Cleistocactus tarijensis Cárdenas in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 28: 54. 1956 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Cleistocactus hyalacanthus subsp. tarijensis (Cárdenas) Mottram in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 13: 11. 2002 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.11.7= Cleistocactus compactus Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 17. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.11.8= Cleistocactus jujuyensis var. fulvus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 480. 1980 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#29.11.9= Echinopsis nothohyalacantha Anceschi & Magli in Cactusinhabitat S. Amer. 2011/2013: 38. 2013 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Acc.#29.12.1 Cleistocactus laniceps (K.Schum.) Rol.-Goss., Cleistocactus: 4. 1904. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.12.1Cereus laniceps K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 93. 1897 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Borzicactus laniceps (K.Schum.) Backeb. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 3: 132. 1932 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.12.2= Cleistocactus laniceps var. plurispinus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 673. 1980 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Acc.#29.13.1 Cleistocactus luribayensis Cárdenas in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 28: 59. 1956. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.13.2= Cleistocactus glaucus F.Ritter in Taxon 13: 114. 1964 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.13.3= Cleistocactus glaucus var. plurispinus F.Ritter in Taxon 13: 114. 1964 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#29.13.4= Cleistocactus granjaensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 687. 1980 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Acc.#29.14.1 Cleistocactus morawetzianus Backeb. in Jahrb. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 1: 77. 1936. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#29.14.1Echinopsis morawetziana (Backeb.) Molinari in Succulentopi@ 13: 19. 2015 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#29.14.2= Cleistocactus morawetzianus var. pycnacanthus Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 17. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#29.14.3Cleistocactus pycnacanthus (Rauh & Backeb.) Backeb., Kakteenlex.: 88. 1966 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#29.14.4= Corryocactus heteracanthus Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 12. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#29.14.5= Cleistocactus villaazulensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1359. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#29.15.1 Cleistocactus orthogonus Cárdenas in Cactus (Paris) 64: 161. 1959. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Acc.#29.16.1 Cleistocactus parviflorus (K.Schum.) Rol.-Goss. in Bull. Soc. Centr. Agric. Hort. Acclim. Nice 44: 32. 1904. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.16.1Cereus parviflorus K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 100. 1897 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Echinopsis parviflora (K.Schum.) Anceschi & Magli in Cactusinhabitat S. Amer. 2011/2013: 39. 2013 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.16.2= Cereus areolatus Muehlenpf. ex K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 100, fig. 20. 1897 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#29.16.3= Cleistocactus areolatus Riccob. in Boll. Reale Orto Bot. Palermo 8: 264. 1909 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.16.4= Cleistocactus herzogianus Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1934(6): 4. 1934 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Cleistocactus areolatus var. herzogianus (Backeb.) Backeb., Cactaceae 2: 1005. 1959 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Cleistocactus parviflorus var. herzogianus (Backeb.) Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 5. 1963 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.16.5= Cleistocactus fusiflorus Cárdenas in Cactus (Paris) 57: 252. 1957 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.16.6= Cleistocactus parviflorus var. aiquilensis F.Ritter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 14: 104. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#29.17.1 Cleistocactus parviflorus subsp. parviflorus. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Acc.#29.18.1 Cleistocactus parviflorus var. comarapanus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 683. 1980. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Acc.#29.19.1 Cleistocactus piraymirensis Cárdenas in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 33: 78. 1961. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.19.1Seticleistocactus piraymirensis (Cárdenas) Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 13. 1963 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Cleistocactus candelilla subsp. piraymirensis (Cárdenas) Mottram in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 13: 10. 2002 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.19.2= Cleistocactus muyurinensis F.Ritter in Taxon 13: 114. 1964 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Acc.#29.20.1 Cleistocactus pungens F.Ritter in Taxon 13: 115. 1964. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#29.20.2= Loxanthocereus brevispinus Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 317. 1958 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#29.20.3= Cleistocactus brevispinus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1360. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#29.21.1 Cleistocactus reae Cárdenas in Cactus (Paris) 57: 251. 1957. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.21.2= Cephalocleistocactus chrysocephalus F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1959: 109. 1959 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Cleistocactus chrysocephalus (F.Ritter) Mottram in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 13: 11. 2002 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.21.3= Cephalocleistocactus schattatianus Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 5. 1963 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.21.4= Cleistocactus variispinus F.Ritter in Taxon 13: 114. 1964 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Acc.#29.22.1 Cleistocactus ritteri Backeb. ex Guiggi in Cactology 5 (Suppl. 7): 1. 2020. Sec. Guiggi (2020)

Syn.#29.22.1Cleistocactus ritteri Backeb. in Kakteen And. Sukk. 10: 11, 163. 1959, nom. inval. syn. sec. Guiggi (2020) Cephalocleistocactus ritteri (Backeb.) Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3691. 1962, nom. inval. syn. sec. Guiggi (2020)

Syn.#29.22.2= Cleistocactus viridiflorus Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 5. 1963 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.22.3= Cleistocactus palhuayensis F.Ritter & Shahori in Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2 2: 688. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#29.22.4= Cleistocactus palhuayensis var. camachoensis F.Ritter & Shahori in Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2 2: 688. 1980 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Acc.#29.23.1 Cleistocactus samaipatanus (Cárdenas) D.R.Hunt in Bradleya 5: 92. 1987. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.23.1Bolivicereus samaipatanus Cárdenas in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 23: 91. 1951 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Borzicactus samaipatanus (Cárdenas) Kimnach in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 32: 93. 1960 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Echinopsis samaipatana (Cárdenas) Anceschi & Magli in Cactusinhabitat S. Amer. 2011/2013: 39. 2013 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.23.2= Bolivicereus samaipatanus var. multiflorus Cárdenas in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 23: 93, f. 44. 1951 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Borzicactus samaipatanus var. multiflorus (Cárdenas) Krainz, Kakteen 21: C Vb. 1962 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.23.3= Bolivicereus brevicaulis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 703. 1980 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.23.4= Bolivicereus croceus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 704. 1980 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.23.5= Bolivicereus rufus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 703. 1980 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.23.6= Cleistocactus samaipatensis (Cárdenas) D.R.Hunt in Bradleya 5: 92. 1987 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Acc.#29.24.1 Cleistocactus samaipatanus subsp. divi-miseratus (Cárdenas ex Backeb.) M.Lowry in Bradleya 34: 171. 2016. Sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#29.24.1Bolivicereus samaipatanus var. divi-miseratus Cárdenas ex Backeb., Cactaceae 2: 973. 1959 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Borzicactus samaipatanus var. divi-miseratus (Cárdenas) Krainz, Kakteen 21: C Vb. 1962 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Bolivicereus samaipatanus subsp. divi-miseratus (Cárdenas ex Backeb.) Guiggi in Cactology 3: 6. 2012 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#29.25.1 Cleistocactus samaipatanus subsp. samaipatanus

Acc.#29.26.1 Cleistocactus smaragdiflorus (F.A.C.Weber) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 174, fig. 248. 1920. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.26.1Cereus smaragdiflorus F.A.C.Weber, Dict. Hort.: 281. 1894 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cereus colubrinus var. smaragdiflorus F.A.C.Weber, Dict. Hort.: 281. 1894 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Cereus baumannii var. smaragdiflorus (F.A.C.Weber) K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 134. 1897 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cereus colubrinus var. smaragdiflorus (F.A.C.Weber) Rol.-Goss., Bull. Soc. Centr. Agric. Hort. Acclim. Nice 44: 32. 1904 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.26.2= Cleistocactus smaragdiflorus var. flavispinus Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 151. 1937 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#29.26.3= Cleistocactus parapetiensis Cárdenas in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 24: 182. 1952 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.26.4= Cleistocactus ×rojoi Cárdenas in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 28: 56. 1956 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cleistocactus smaragdiflorus f. rojoi (Cárdenas) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 678. 1980 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.26.5= Cleistocactus azerensis Cárdenas in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 33: 74. 1961 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.26.6= Cleistocactus ×villamontesii Cárdenas in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 33: 76. 1961 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cleistocactus ×villamontesii var. longiflorior Backeb., Kakteenlex.: 90. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#29.26.7= Cleistocactus smaragdiflorus var. gracilior Backeb., Kakteenlex.: 89. 1966 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#29.26.8= Cleistocactus villamontesii var. longiflorior Backeb., Kakteenlex.: 90. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#29.26.9= Cleistocactus ferrarii R.Kiesling in Hickenia 2: 37. 1984 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Acc.#29.27.1 Cleistocactus strausii (Heese) Backeb. in Kakteen-Freund 3: 121. 1934. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.27.1Pilocereus strausii Heese in Gartenflora 56: 410. 1907 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Cereus strausii (Heese) Vaupel in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 37. 1913 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Borzicactus strausii (Heese) A.Berger, Entwicklungslin. Kakt.: 53. 1926 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Demnosa strausii (Heese) Frič in Möller's Deutsche Gärtn.-Zeitung 44: 170. 1929 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Denmoza strausii (Heese) Frič in Möller's Deutsche Gärtn.-Zeitung 44: 170. 1929 [as "Demnosa"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cephalocereus strausii (Heese) Houghton in J. Cact. Succ. Soc. Amer. 1: 170. 1930 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.27.2= Pilocereus strausii f. cristatus Dörfl. in Monatsschr. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 2: 54. 1930 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#29.27.3= Cleistocactus nivosus Borg, Cacti, ed. 2: 195. 1951 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.27.4= Echinopsis nothostrausii Anceschi & Magli in Cactusinhabitat S. Amer. 2011/2013: 39. 2013 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#29.28.1 Cleistocactus tominensis (Weing.) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 190. 1936 ["1935"]. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.28.1Cereus tominensis Weing. in Monatsschr. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 3: 117. 1931 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Borzicactus tominensis (Weing.) Neale, Cact. & Other Succ.: 41. 1935 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Borzicactus tominensis (Weing.) Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 147. 1937 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Echinopsis tominensis (Weing.) Anceschi & Magli in Cactusinhabitat S. Amer. 2011/2013: 40. 2013 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.28.2= Cleistocactus mendozae Cárdenas in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 35: 202. 1963 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.28.3= Cleistocactus capadalensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 677. 1980 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Acc.#29.29.1 Cleistocactus tominensis subsp. micropetalus (F.Ritter) Mottram in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 13: 12. 2002. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.29.1Cleistocactus micropetalus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 675. 1980 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.29.2= Cleistocactus crassicaulis Cárdenas in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 33: 77. 1961 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.29.3= Cleistocactus viridialabastri Cárdenas in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 35: 201. 1963 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.29.4= Cleistocactus clavicaulis Cárdenas in Cactus (Paris) 80-81: 20. 1964 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#29.29.5= Cleistocactus crassicaulis var. paucispinus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 674. 1980 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Acc.#29.30.1 Cleistocactus tominensis subsp. tominensis. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Acc.#29.31.1 Cleistocactus winteri D.R.Hunt in Bradleya 6: 100. 1988. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#29.31.2= Winteria aureispina F.Ritter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 13: 4. 1962 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Winterocereus aureispinus (F.Ritter) Backeb., Kakteenlex.: 455. 1966 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Hildewintera aureispina (F.Ritter) F.Ritter ex G.D.Rowley, Regnum Veg. 54: 15. 1968 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Loxanthocereus aureispinus (F.Ritter) Buxb. in Krainz, Kakteen 57: CVb. 1974 syn. sec. Tropicos Borzicactus aureispinus (F.Ritter) G.D.Rowley in Repert. Pl. Succ. 24: 6. 1975 ["1973"] syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Cleistocactus aureispinus (F.Ritter) D.R.Hunt in Bradleya 5: 92. 1987 syn. sec. Tropicos

Acc.#29.32.1 Cleistocactus winteri subsp. colademono D.R.Hunt in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 20: 14. 2005. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#29.32.2= Hildewintera colademononis Diers & Krahn in Kakteen And. Sukk. 54: 221. 2003 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Cleistocactus colademononis (Diers & Krahn) Mottram in Cact. World 24: 21. 2006 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Winterocereus colademononis (Diers & Krahn) Metzing & R.Kiesling in Taxon 56: 227. 2007 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Borzicactus colademononis (Diers & Krahn) Lodé in Cact.-Avent. Int. 97: 2. 2012 ["2013"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#29.32.3Hildewintera polonica V.Foik & Foik in Cactaceae etc. 13: 68–70. 2003, nom. inval. syn. sec. Metzing (2021) Hildewintera polonica V.Foik & Foik in Cactaceae etc. 14: 50. 2004, nom. inval. syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Acc.#29.33.1 Cleistocactus winteri subsp. winteri. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#30. Cochemiea (K.Brandegee) Walton in Cact. J. (London) 2: 50. 1899. Sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Type: Cochemiea halei (K.Brandegee) Walton

Syn.#30.g1Mammillaria subg. Cochemiea K.Brandegee in Erythea 5: 113. 1897

Syn.#30.0.1= Neolloydia Britton & Rose in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 49: 251. 1922 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021). Type: Neolloydia conoidea (DC.) Britton & Rose

Syn.#30.0.2= Ortegocactus Alexander in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 33: 39. 1961 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021). Type: Ortegocactus macdougallii Alexander

Acc.#30.1.1 Cochemiea albicans (Britton & Rose) P.B.Breslin & Majure in Taxon 70(2): 318. 2021. Sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Syn.#30.1.1Neomammillaria albicans Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 138. 1923 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Chilita albicans (Britton & Rose) Orcutt in Cactography 2. 1926 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Mammillaria albicans (Britton & Rose) A.Berger, Kakteen: 308. 1929 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Bartschella albicans (Britton & Rose) Doweld in Sukkulenty 3: 37. 2000 Mammillaria albicans subsp. albicans syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#30.1.2= Neomammillaria slevinii Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 139–140, f. 153. 1923 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Mammillaria slevinii (Britton & Rose) Boed., Mammill.-Vergl.-Schluessel: 44. 1933 syn. sec. Tropicos Chilita slevinii (Britton & Rose) Orcutt in Cactography 2. 1926 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mammillaria albicans f. slevinii (Britton & Rose) Neutel. in Succulenta (Netherlands) 65: 120. 1986 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#30.1.3= Mammillaria albicans f. dolorensis Lüthy in Mitt. Arbeitskreises Mammillarienfr. 16: 184. 1992 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#30.2.1 Cochemiea angelensis (R.T.Craig) P.B.Breslin & Majure in Taxon 70(2): 318. 2021. Sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Syn.#30.2.1Mammillaria angelensis R.T.Craig, Mammill. Handb.: 165. 1945 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Ebnerella angelensis (R.T.Craig) Buxb. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 98: 89. 1951 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Chilita angelensis (R.T.Craig) Buxb. in Sukkulentenkunde 5: 18. 1954 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Mammillaria dioica f. angelensis (R.T.Craig) Neutel. in Succulenta (Netherlands) 65: 119. 1986 Mammillaria dioica subsp. angelensis (R.T.Craig) D.R.Hunt, Mammillaria Postscripts 7: 3. 1998 Cochemiea dioica subsp. angelensis (R.T.Craig) Doweld in Sukkulenty 3: 39. 2000 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Acc.#30.3.1 Cochemiea armillata (K.Brandegee) P.B.Breslin & Majure in Taxon 70(2): 318. 2021. Sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Syn.#30.3.1Mammillaria armillata K.Brandegee in Zoë 5(1): 7. 1900 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Neomammillaria armillata (K.Brandegee) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 157. 1923 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Chilita armillata Orcutt in Cactography 2. 1926 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Ebnerella armillata (K.Brandegee) Buxb. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 98: 89. 1951 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Mammillaria dioica var. armillata (K.Brandegee) Neutel. in Succulenta (Netherlands) 65: 119. 1986 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Bartschella armillata (K.Brandegee) Doweld in Sukkulenty 3: 37. 2000 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Syn.#30.3.2= Neomammillaria lapacena H.E.Gates, Desert Pl. Life 3: 117. 1932 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#30.4.1 Cochemiea barbata (Engelm.) Doweld in Sukkulenty 3: 38. 2000. Sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Syn.#30.4.1Mammillaria barbata Engelm., Mem. Tour N. Mexico: 105. 1848 Cactus barbatus (Engelm.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891 Neomammillaria barbata (Engelm.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 144. 1923 Chilita barbata Orcutt in Cactography 2. 1926 Ebnerella barbata (Engelm.) Buxb. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 98: 89. 1951

Syn.#30.4.2= Mammillaria chavezei Cowper in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 18: 8. 1963 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#30.4.3= Mammillaria morricalii Cowper in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 41: 208. 1969 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Mammillaria barbata var. morricalii (Cowper) Lodé in Repert. Pl. Succ. 43: 15. 1992 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#30.4.4= Mammillaria orestera L.D.Benson, Cacti Ariz., ed. 3: 22, 155. 1969 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#30.4.5= Mammillaria santaclarensis Cowper in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 41: 248. 1969 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Mammillaria barbata var. santaclarensis (Cowper) Lodé in Repert. Pl. Succ. 43: 15. 1992 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#30.4.6= Mammillaria garessii Cowper in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 42: 14, 93. 1970 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Mammillaria barbata var. garessii (Cowper) Lodé, Repert. Pl. Succ. 43: 15. 1992 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#30.4.7= Mammillaria luthieniae Laferr. in J. Mammillaria Soc. 38: 18. 1998 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#30.4.8= Mammillaria melilotiae Laferr. in J. Mammillaria Soc. 38: 18. 1998 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#30.5.1 Cochemiea blossfeldiana (Boed.) P.B.Breslin & Majure in Taxon 70(2): 319. 2021. Sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Syn.#30.5.1Mammillaria blossfeldiana Boed. in Monatsschr. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 3: 209. 1931 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Neomammillaria blossfeldiana (Boed.) H.E.Gates in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 4: 371. 1933 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Ebnerella blossfeldiana (Boed.) Buxb. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 98: 89. 1951 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Chilita blossfeldiana (Boed.) Buxb. in Sukkulentenkunde 5: 17. 1954 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Mammillaria goodridgei var. blossfeldiana (Boed.) Neutel. in Succulenta (Netherlands) 65: 120. 1986 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Bartschella blossfeldiana (Boed.) Doweld in Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 33: 167. 2001 Mammillaria blossfeldiana var. blossfeldiana

Syn.#30.5.2= Mammillaria shurliana H.E.Gates in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 18: 30. 1956 syn. sec. Hernández & Gómez-Hinostrosa (2015) Mammillaria blossfeldiana var. shurliana (H.E.Gates) Wiggins, Veg. Fl. Sonoran Des. 2: 1030. 1964 syn. sec. Hernández & Gómez-Hinostrosa (2015) Mammillaria goodridgei f. shurliana (H.E.Gates) Neutel. in Succulenta (Netherlands) 65: 120. 1986 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#30.6.1 Cochemiea blossfeldiana subsp. blossfeldiana

Acc.#30.7.1 Cochemiea blossfeldiana subsp. rectispina (E.Y.Dawson) P.B.Breslin & Majure in Taxon 70(2): 319. 2021. Sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Syn.#30.7.1Mammillaria goodrichii var. rectispina E.Y.Dawson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 24: 80. 1952 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Mammillaria goodridgei var. rectispina E.Y.Dawson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 24: 80. 1952 Mammillaria rectispina (E.Y.Dawson) Repp., Gattung Mammill. nach dem Heutigen Stand Meines Wissens: 33. 1989

Acc.#30.8.1 Cochemiea boolii (G.E.Linds.) P.B.Breslin & Majure in Taxon 70(2): 319. 2021. Sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Syn.#30.8.1Mammillaria boolii G.E.Linds. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 25: 48. 1953 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Chilita boolii (G.E.Linds.) Buxb. in Sukkulentenkunde 5: 17. 1954 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Bartschella boolii (G.E.Linds.) Doweld in Sukkulenty 3: 37. 2000 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Acc.#30.9.1 Cochemiea bullardiana (H.E.Gates) P.B.Breslin & Majure in Taxon 70(2): 319. 2021. Sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Syn.#30.9.1Neomammillaria bullardiana H.E.Gates in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 6: 4. 1934 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Mammillaria bullardiana (H.E.Gates) Boed., Kaktus-ABC: 387. 1935 Ebnerella bullardiana (H.E.Gates) Buxb. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 98: 89. 1951 Mammillaria goodridgei var. bullardiana (H.E.Gates) Neutel. in Succulenta (Netherlands) 65: 120. 1986 Mammillaria hutchisoniana var. bullardiana (H.E.Gates) Repp., Gattung Mammill. nach dem Heutigen Stand Meines Wissens: 134. 1991

Acc.#30.10.1 Cochemiea capensis (H.E.Gates) Doweld in Sukkulenty 3: 39. 2000. Sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Syn.#30.10.1Neomammillaria capensis H.E.Gates in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 4: 372. 1933 Mammillaria capensis (H.E.Gates) R.T.Craig, Mammill. Handb.: 156. 1945 Ebnerella capensis (H.E.Gates) Buxb. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 98: 89. 1951 Chilita capensis (H.E.Gates) Buxb. in Sukkulentenkunde 5: 17. 1954 Mammillaria dioica var. capensis (H.E.Gates) Neutel. in Succulenta (Netherlands) 65: 119. 1986

Acc.#30.11.1 Cochemiea cerralboa (Britton & Rose) P.B.Breslin & Majure in Taxon 70(2): 319. 2021. Sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Syn.#30.11.1Neomammillaria cerralboa Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 116, f. 121a. 1923 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Mammillaria cerralboa (Britton & Rose) Orcutt in Cactography 7. 1926 Mammillaria dioica var. cerralboa (Britton & Rose) Neutel. in Succulenta (Netherlands) 65: 119. 1986 Mammillaria armillata subsp. cerralboa (Britton & Rose) D.R.Hunt, Mammillaria Postscripts 6: 5. 1997 Bartschella cerralboa (Britton & Rose) Doweld in Sukkulenty 3: 37. 2000

Acc.#30.12.1 Cochemiea conoidea (DC.) P.B.Breslin & Majure in Taxon 70(2): 319. 2021. Sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Syn.#30.12.1Mammillaria conoidea DC. in Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 112. 1828 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Echinocactus conoideus (DC.) Poselg. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 21: 107. 1853 syn. sec. Tropicos Cactus conoideus (DC.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Coryphantha conoidea (DC.) Orcutt, Circular to Cactus Fanciers, p.i. 1922 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neolloydia conoidea (DC.) Britton & Rose in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 49: 252. 1922 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Pediocactus conoideus (DC.) Halda in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 5: 23. 1998 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neolloydia conoidea var. conoidea syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003)

Syn.#30.12.2= Mammillaria crebrispina DC. in Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 111. 1828 syn. sec. Tropicos Cactus crebrispinus (DC.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#30.12.3= Mammillaria grandiflora Otto ex Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 33. 1837 syn. sec. Tropicos Cactus grandiflorus (Otto) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891 syn. sec. Tropicos Coryphantha grandiflora (Otto) A.Berger, Kakteen: 266. 1929 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Neolloydia grandiflora (Otto) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 368. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Tropicos Neolloydia conoidea var. grandiflora (Otto ex Pfeiff.) Kladiwa & Fittkau in Krainz, Kakteen 42: VIII b. 1971 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#30.12.4= Mammillaria diaphanacantha Lem., Cact. Aliq. Nov.: 39. 1838 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#30.12.5= Mammillaria inconspicua Scheidw. in Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 5: 495. 1838 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#30.12.6= Mammillaria coronata Scheidw. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 8: 338. 1840 syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Cactus coronatus (Scheidw.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#30.12.7= Mammillaria echinocactoides Pfeiff. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 8: 281. 1840 syn. sec. Tropicos Cactus echinocactoides (Pfeiff.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#30.12.8= Mammillaria ceratites Quehl in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 19: 155. 1909 syn. sec. Tropicos Neolloydia ceratites (Quehl) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 16, f. 16. 1923 syn. sec. Tropicos Coryphantha ceratites (Quehl) A.Berger, Kakteen: 266. 1929 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neolloydia conoidea var. ceratites (Quehl) Kladiwa & Fittkau in Krainz, Kakteen 42: VIII b. 1971 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#30.12.9= Neolloydia texensis Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 18, f. 18. 1923 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neolloydia conoidea var. texensis (Britton & Rose) Kladiwa & Fittkau in Krainz, Kakteen 42: VIII b. 1971 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#30.12.10= Neolloydia stuetzleri Orcutt in Cactography 8. 1926 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#30.12.11= Neolloydia matehualensis Backeb. in Spine 1: 108, 112. 1948 syn. sec. Hernández & Gómez-Hinostrosa (2011) Neolloydia conoidea var. matehualensis (Backeb.) Kladiwa & Fittkau in Krainz, Kakteen 42: VIII b. 1971 syn. sec. Hernández & GómezHinostrosa (2021)

Syn.#30.12.12= Neolloydia grandiflora var. robusta Říha in Kakteen And. Sukk. 32: 128. 1981 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#30.12.13Neolloydia conoidea var. depressa Frič in Ceskoslov. Zahradn. Listy 1924: 122. 1924, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#30.13.1 Cochemiea dioica (K.Brandegee) Doweld in Sukkulenty 3: 39. 2000. Sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Syn.#30.13.1Mammillaria dioica K.Brandegee in Erythea 5: 115. 1897 Neomammillaria dioica (K.Brandegee) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 115. 1923 Ebnerella dioica (K.Brandegee) Buxb. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 98: 89. 1951 Chilita dioica (K.Brandegee) Buxb. in Sukkulentenkunde 5: 17. 1954 Mammillaria dioica subsp. dioica Mammillaria dioica var. dioica

Syn.#30.13.2= Mammillaria goodrichii Engelm., Erythea 5: 115. 1897 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#30.13.3= Mammillaria fordii Orcutt in W. Amer. Sci. 13: 49. 1902 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#30.13.4= Chilita fordii Orcutt in Cactography 2. 1926 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#30.13.5= Mammillaria incerta Parish, Fl. Calif. 2: 549. 1936 syn. sec. Tropicos Mammillaria dioica var. incerta (Parish) Munz, Aliso 4(1): 94. 1958 syn. sec. Tropicos Mammillaria dioica f. incerta (Parish) Neutel. in Succulenta (Netherlands) 65: 119. 1986 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#30.14.1 Cochemiea estebanensis (G.E.Linds.) P.B.Breslin & Majure in Taxon 70(2): 319. 2021. Sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Syn.#30.14.1Mammillaria estebanensis G.E.Linds. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 39: 31. 1967 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Mammillaria angelensis var. estebanensis (G.E.Linds.) Repp., Gattung Mammill. nach dem Heutigen Stand Meines Wissens: 34. 1981 Mammillaria dioica f. estebanensis (G.E.Linds.) Neutel. in Succulenta (Netherlands) 65: 119. 1986 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Mammillaria dioica subsp. estebanensis (G.E.Linds.) D.R.Hunt, Mammillaria Postscripts 7: 3. 1998 Cochemiea dioica subsp. estebanensis (G.E.Linds.) Doweld in Sukkulenty 3: 39. 2000

Acc.#30.15.1 Cochemiea fraileana (Britton & Rose) P.B.Breslin & Majure in Taxon 70(2): 319. 2021. Sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Syn.#30.15.1Neomammillaria fraileana Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 157–158. 1923 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Chilita fraileana (Britton & Rose) Orcutt in Cactography 2. 1926 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Mammillaria fraileana (Britton & Rose) Boed., Mammillarien-Vergleichs-Schluessel: 30. 1933 Ebnerella fraileana (Britton & Rose) Buxb. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 98: 89. 1951 Mammillaria albicans f. fraileana (Britton & Rose) Lüthy in Mitteilungsbl. Arbeitskreises Mammillarienfr. 16(5): 187. 1992 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Mammillaria albicans subsp. fraileana (Britton & Rose) D.R.Hunt, Mammillaria Postscripts 6: 5. 1997 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Bartschella albicans subsp. fraileana (Britton & Rose) Doweld in Sukkulenty 3: 37. 2000

Acc.#30.16.1 Cochemiea goodridgei (Scheer ex Salm-Dyck) P.B.Breslin & Majure in Taxon 70(2): 319. 2021. Sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Syn.#30.16.1Mammillaria goodridgei Scheer ex Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 10. 1850 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Cactus goodridgei (Scheer ex Salm-Dyck) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891 Ebnerella goodridgei (Scheer ex Salm-Dyck) Buxb. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 98: 89. 1951 Chilita goodridgei (Scheer ex Salm-Dyck) Orcutt in Cactography 3: 2. 1926 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Acc.#30.17.1 Cochemiea grahamii (Engelm.) Doweld in Sukkulenty 3: 39. 2000. Sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Syn.#30.17.1Mammillaria grahamii Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 262. 1856 Cactus grahamii (Engelm.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891 Coryphantha grahamii (Engelm.) Rydb., Fl. Rocky Mts.: 581. 1917 Chilita grahamii Orcutt in Cactography 2. 1926 Mammillaria milleri var. grahamii (Engelm.) Neutel. in Succulenta (Netherlands) 65: 119. 1986, nom. illeg. Mammillaria microcarpa subsp. grahamii (Engelm.) Mottram, J. Mammilaria Soc. 31(2): 26. 1991

Syn.#30.17.2= Mammillaria microcarpa Engelm., Not. Milit. Reconn.: 157. 1848 syn. sec. Hernández & Gómez-Hinostrosa (2015) Neomammillaria microcarpa (Engelm.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 155. 1923 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Ebnerella microcarpa (Engelm.) Buxb. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 98: 89. 1951 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Chilita microcarpa (Engelm.) Buxb. in Sukkulentenkunde 5: 12. 1954 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#30.17.3= Mammillaria grahamii var. arizonica Quehl in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 6: 44. 1896 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#30.17.4= Mammillaria oliviae Orcutt in W. Amer. Sci. 12: 163. 1902 syn. sec. Hernández & Gómez-Hinostrosa (2015) Neomammillaria oliviae (Orcutt) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 135. 1923 syn. sec. Tropicos Chilita oliviae (Orcutt) Orcutt in Cactography 2. 1926 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Ebnerella oliviae (Orcutt) Buxb. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 98: 90. 1951 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mammillaria grahamii var. oliviae (Orcutt) L.D.Benson, Cacti Ariz., ed. 3: 22. 1969 syn. sec. Tropicos Mammillaria microcarpa f. oliviae (Orcutt) Neutel. in Succulenta (Netherlands) 65: 4. 1986 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mammillaria milleri f. oliviae (Orcutt) Neutel. in Succulenta (Netherlands) 65: 119. 1986 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#30.17.5= Neomammillaria milleri Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 156, f. 184a. 1923 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Chilita milleri (Britton & Rose) Orcutt in Cactography 2. 1926 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Mammillaria milleri (Britton & Rose) Boed., Mammillarien-Vergleichs-Schluessel: 30. 1933 syn. sec. Hernández & Gómez-Hinostrosa (2015) Mammillaria microcarpa var. milleri (Britton & Rose) W.T.Marshall in Desert. Bot. Gard. Arizona, Sci. Bull. 1: 104. 1950 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#30.17.6= Mammillaria gueldemanniana Backeb. in Kakteenkunde 1941: 57. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Chilita gueldemanniana (Backeb.) Buxb. in Sukkulentenkunde 5: 15. 1954 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mammillaria microcarpa f. gueldemanniana (Backeb.) Neutel. in Succulenta (Netherlands) 65: 4. 1986 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mammillaria milleri f. gueldemanniana (Backeb.) Neutel. in Succulenta (Netherlands) 65: 119. 1986 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#30.17.7= Mammillaria microcarpa var. auricarpa W.T.Marshall in Des. Bot. Gard. Ariz. 1: 106. 1950 syn. sec. Tropicos Mammillaria microcarpa f. auricarpa (W.T.Marshall) Neutel. in Succulenta (Netherlands) 65: 3. 1986 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mammillaria milleri f. auricarpa (W.T.Marshall) Neutel. in Succulenta (Netherlands) 65: 119. 1986 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#30.17.8= Mammillaria pseudoalamensis Backeb. in Cactus (Paris) 37: 210. 1953 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#30.17.9= Mammillaria milleri f. multiancistra De Morree in Succulenta (Netherlands) 69: 70. 1990 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#30.17.10= Mammillaria swinglei var. diabloa P.C.Fisch. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 64: 246. 1992 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#30.17.11= Mammillaria grahamii subsp. grahamii syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#30.18.1 Cochemiea guelzowiana (Werderm.) P.B.Breslin & Majure in Taxon 70(2): 319. 2021. Sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Syn.#30.18.1Mammillaria guelzowiana Werderm. in Z. Sukkulentenk. 3: 356. 1928 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Krainzia guelzowiana (Werderm.) Backeb. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 23: 152. 1951 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Phellosperma guelzowiana (Werderm.) Buxb. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 98: 92. 1951 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Bartschella guelzowiana (Werderm.) Doweld in Sukkulenty 3: 38. 2000 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Syn.#30.18.2= Mammillaria guelzowiana var. robustior R.Wolf in Kakteen And. Sukk. 37: 257. 1986 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#30.19.1 Cochemiea halei (K.Brandegee) Walton in Cact. J. (London) 2: 50. 1899. Sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Syn.#30.19.1Mammillaria halei K.Brandegee in Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 2, 2: 161. 1889 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Syn.#30.19.2= Cactus halei J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 106. 1894

Acc.#30.20.1 Cochemiea hutchisoniana (H.E.Gates) P.B.Breslin & Majure in Taxon 70(2): 319. 2021. Sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Syn.#30.20.1Neomammillaria hutchisoniana H.E.Gates in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 6: 4. 1934 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Mammillaria hutchisoniana (H.E.Gates) Boed., Kaktus-ABC: 387. 1935 Ebnerella hutchisoniana (H.E.Gates) Buxb. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 98: 89. 1951 Chilita hutchisoniana (H.E.Gates) Buxb. in Sukkulentenkunde 5: 17. 1954 Mammillaria goodridgei var. hutchisoniana (H.E.Gates) Neutel. in Succulenta (Netherlands) 65: 119. 1986 Bartschella hutchisoniana (H.E.Gates) Doweld in Sukkulenty 3: 38. 2000

Acc.#30.21.1 Cochemiea hutchisoniana subsp. hutchisoniana. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#30.22.1 Cochemiea hutchisoniana subsp. louisae (G.E.Linds.) Majure in Willdenowia 51: 264. 2021. Sec. Majure (2021)

Syn.#30.22.1Mammillaria louisae G.E.Linds. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 32: 169. 1960 syn. sec. Majure (2021) Neomammillaria louisae (G.E.Linds.) Y.Itô, Cactaceae: 596. 1981 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Mammillaria goodridgei var. louisae (G.E.Linds.) Neutel. in Succulenta (Netherlands) 65: 119. 1986 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mammillaria hutchisoniana subsp. louisae (G.E.Linds.) D.R.Hunt, Mammillaria Postscripts 6: 5. 1997 syn. sec. Majure (2021) Bartschella hutchisoniana subsp. louisae (G.E.Linds.) Doweld in Sukkulenty 3: 38. 2000 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#30.23.1 Cochemiea insularis (H.E.Gates) P.B.Breslin & Majure in Taxon 70(2): 319. 2021. Sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Syn.#30.23.1Mammillaria insularis H.E.Gates in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 10: 25. 1938 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Ebnerella insularis (H.E.Gates) Buxb. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 98: 89. 1951 Chilita insularis (H.E.Gates) Buxb. in Sukkulentenkunde 5: 17. 1954 Neomammillaria insularis (H.E.Gates) Y.Itô, Cactaceae: 592. 1981 Bartschella insularis (H.E.Gates) Doweld in Sukkulenty 3: 38. 2000

Acc.#30.24.1 Cochemiea macdougallii (Alexander) P.B.Breslin & Majure in Taxon 70(2): 319. 2021. Sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Syn.#30.24.1Ortegocactus macdougallii Alexander in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 33: 39. 1961 syn. sec. Vázquez-Sánchez & al. (2013) Neobesseya macdougallii (Alexander) Kladiwa in Krainz, Kakteen 57: CVIII c. 1974 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Escobaria macdougallii (Alexander) V.John & Říha in Kaktusy (Brno) 17: 43. 1981 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Acc.#30.25.1 Cochemiea mainiae (K.Brandegee) P.B.Breslin & Majure in Taxon 70(2): 319. 2021. Sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Syn.#30.25.1Mammillaria mainiae K.Brandegee in Zoë 5(2): 31. 1900 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Neomammillaria mainiae (K.Brandegee) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 154. 1923 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Chilita mainiae (K.Brandegee) Orcutt in Cactography 2. 1926 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Ebnerella mainiae (K.Brandegee) Buxb. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 98: 89. 1951 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Acc.#30.26.1 Cochemiea maritima G.E.Linds. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 8: 143. 1937. Sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Syn.#30.26.1Mammillaria maritima (G.E.Linds.) D.R.Hunt in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 33(3): 58. 1971 Mammillaria pondii subsp. maritima (G.E.Linds.) D.R.Hunt, Mammillaria Postscripts 6: 5. 1997 Cochemiea pondii subsp. maritima (G.E.Linds.) U.Guzmán in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 16. 2003

Acc.#30.27.1 Cochemiea multidigitata (Radley & G.E.Linds.) P.B.Breslin & Majure in Taxon 70(2): 320. 2021. Sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Syn.#30.27.1Mammillaria multidigitata Radley ex G.E.Linds. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 19: 152, f. 99–101. 1947 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Neomammillaria multidigitata (Radley ex G.E.Linds.) Y.Itô, Cactaceae: 603. 1981 Mammillaria dioica var. multidigitata (Radley ex G.E.Linds.) Neutel. in Succulenta (Netherlands) 65: 119. 1986 Bartschella multidigitata (Radley ex G.E.Linds.) Doweld in Sukkulenty 3: 38. 2000

Acc.#30.28.1 Cochemiea palmeri (J.M.Coult.) P.B.Breslin & Majure in Taxon 70(2): 320. 2021. Sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Syn.#30.28.1Cactus palmeri J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3(2): 108. 1894 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Neomammillaria palmeri (J.M.Coult.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 140, t. 14, f. 7. 1923 Chilita palmeri (J.M.Coult.) Orcutt in Cactography 2. 1926 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Mammillaria palmeri (J.M.Coult.) Jacobi in Backeberg & Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 394. 1935 Mammillaria neopalmeri R.T.Craig, Mammill. Handb.: 267. 1945 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Neomammillaria neopalmeri (R.T.Craig) Y.Itô, Cactaceae: 624. 1981 Mammillaria dioica var. neopalmeri (R.T.Craig) Neutel. in Succulenta (Netherlands) 65: 119. 1986 Bartschella palmeri (J.M.Coult.) Doweld in Sukkulenty 3: 38. 2000

Syn.#30.28.2= Mammillaria dioica var. insularis K.Brandegee in Erythea 5: 115. 1897 syn. sec. Hernández & Gómez-Hinostrosa (2015)

Acc.#30.29.1 Cochemiea phitauiana (E.M.Baxter) Doweld in Sukkulenty 3: 39. 2000. Sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Syn.#30.29.1Neomammillaria phitauiana E.M.Baxter in J. Cact. Succ. Soc. Amer. 2: 472. 1931 Mammillaria phitauiana (E.M.Baxter) Werderm. in Backeberg, Neue Kakteen: 96. 1931 Ebnerella phitauiana (E.M.Baxter) Buxb. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 98: 90. 1951 Chilita phitauiana (E.M.Baxter) Buxb. in Sukkulentenkunde 5: 18. 1954 Mammillaria dioica f. phitauiana (E.M.Baxter) Neutel. in Succulenta (Netherlands) 65: 119, 198. 1986

Syn.#30.29.2= Mammillaria verhaertiana Boed. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 22: 152. 1912 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Neomammillaria verhaertiana (Boed.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 164. 1923 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Chilita verhaertiana (Boed.) Orcutt in Cactography 2. 1926 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Ebnerella verhaertiana (Boed.) Buxb. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 98: 90. 1951 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mammillaria dioica f. verhaertiana (Boed.) Neutel. in Succulenta (Netherlands) 65: 119, 198. 1986 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Acc.#30.30.1 Cochemiea pondii (Greene) Walton in Cact. J. (London) 2: 51. 1899. Sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Syn.#30.30.1Mammillaria pondii Greene in Pittonia 1(6): 268. 1889 Cactus pondii (Greene) J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 102. 1894 Cochemiea pondii subsp. pondii Mammillaria pondii subsp. pondii

Acc.#30.31.1 Cochemiea poselgeri (Hildm.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 22. 1923. Sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Syn.#30.31.1Mammillaria poselgeri Hildm. in Gart.-Zeitung (Berlin) 4: 559. 1885

Syn.#30.31.2= Mammillaria roseana K.Brandegee in Zoë 2: 19. 1891 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Cochemiea roseana (K.Brandegee) Walton in Cact. J. (London) 2: 51. 1899 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#30.31.3= Mammillaria radliana Quehl in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 2: 104. 1892 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mammillaria radleana K.Schum. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 2: 104. 1892 syn. sec. TPL (2013) [is misspelling for Mammillaria radliana Quehl]

Acc.#30.32.1 Cochemiea saboae (Glass) Doweld in Sukkulenty 3: 39. 2000. Sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Syn.#30.32.1Mammillaria saboae Glass in Cact. Suc. Mex. 11: 55. 1966

Syn.#30.32.2= Mammillaria saboae subsp. roczekii W.Rischer & Wolfg.Krüger in Mitt. Arbeitskreises Mammillarienfr. 27: 50. 2003 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#30.33.1 Cochemiea saboae subsp. goldii (Glass & R.A.Foster) Doweld in Sukkulenty 3: 39. 2000. Sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Syn.#30.33.1Mammillaria goldii Glass & R.A.Foster in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 40: 151. 1968 Mammillaria saboae subsp. goldii (Glass & R.A.Foster) D.R.Hunt, Mammillaria Postscripts 6: 5. 1997 Mammillaria saboae var. goldii (Glass & R.A.Foster) G.D.Rowley in J. Mammillaria Soc. 19: 31. 1979, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#30.34.1 Cochemiea saboae subsp. haudeana (A.B.Lau & K.Wagner) Doweld in Sukkulenty 3: 39. 2000. Sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Syn.#30.34.1Mammillaria haudeana A.B.Lau & K.Wagner in Kakteen And. Sukk. 29(11): 253. 1978 Mammillaria saboae f. haudeana (A.B.Lau & K.Wagner) D.R.Hunt in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 41(4): 97. 1979 Mammillaria saboae subsp. haudeana (A.B.Lau & K.Wagner) D.R.Hunt, Mammillaria Postscripts 7: 3. 1998 Mammillaria saboae var. haudeana (A.B.Lau & K.Wagner) G.D.Rowley in J. Mammillaria Soc. 19: 30. 1979, nom. inval.

Syn.#30.34.2= Mammillaria hamuligera Boed. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 18: 144. 1908 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#30.35.1 Cochemiea saboae subsp. saboae

Acc.#30.36.1 Cochemiea schumannii (Hildm.) P.B.Breslin & Majure in Taxon 70(2): 320. 2021. Sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Syn.#30.36.1Mammillaria schumannii Hildm. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk.: 125. 1891 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Bartschella schumannii (Hildm.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 58. 1923 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Syn.#30.36.2= Mammillaria venusta K.Brandegee in Zoë 5: 8. 1900 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#30.36.3= Mammillaria schumannii var. globosa R.Wolf in Kakteen And. Sukk. 38: 147. 1987 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#30.37.1 Cochemiea setispina (Engelm. ex J.M.Coult.) Walton in Cact. J. (London) 2: 51. 1899. Sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Syn.#30.37.1Cactus setispinus Engelm. ex J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3(2): 106. 1894 syn. sec. IPNI Mammillaria setispina Engelm. ex J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 106. 1894 Mammillaria pondii subsp. setispina (Engelm. ex J.M.Coult.) D.R.Hunt, Mammillaria Postscripts 6: 5. 1997 Cochemiea pondii subsp. setispina (Engelm. ex J.M.Coult.) U.Guzmán in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 16. 2003

Syn.#30.37.2= Cactus roseanus J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 105. 1894 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#30.38.1 Cochemiea sheldonii (Britton & Rose) Doweld in Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 33: 165. 2001. Sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Syn.#30.38.1Neomammillaria sheldonii Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 156–157, f. 175. 1923 Chilita sheldonii (Britton & Rose) Orcutt in Cactography 2. 1926 Mammillaria sheldonii (Britton & Rose) Boed., Mammillarien-Vergleichs-Schluessel: 30. 1933 Ebnerella sheldonii (Britton & Rose) Buxb. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 98: 90. 1951 Mammillaria microcarpa var. sheldonii (Britton & Rose) Neutel. in Succulenta (Netherlands) 65: 3. 1986 Mammillaria milleri var. sheldonii (Britton & Rose) Neutel. in Succulenta (Netherlands) 65: 119. 1986 Mammillaria grahamii subsp. sheldonii (Britton & Rose) D.R.Hunt in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 20: 21. 2005

Syn.#30.38.2= Mammillaria inaiae Р.Т.Craig in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 10: 111. 1939 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Ebnerella inaiae (R.T.Craig) Buxb. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 98: 89. 1951 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Chilita inae (R.T.Craig) Buxb. in Sukkulentenkunde 5: 15. 1954 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Neomammillaria inaiae (R.T.Craig) Y.Itô, Cactaceae: 606. 1981 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#30.38.3= Mammillaria alamensis R.T.Craig, Mammill. Handb.: 299. 1945 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Chilita alamensis (R.T.Craig) Buxb. in Sukkulentenkunde 5: 16. 1954 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Neomammillaria alamensis (R.T.Craig) Y.Itô, Cactaceae: 597. 1981 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#30.38.4= Mammillaria guirocobensis R.T.Craig, Mammill. Handb.: 200, f. 201. 1945 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Ebnerella guirocobensis (R.T.Craig) Buxb. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 98: 89. 1951 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mammillaria gueldemanniana var. guirocobensis (R.T.Craig) Backeb., Cactaceae 5: 3336. 1961 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#30.38.5= Mammillaria marnieriana Backeb. in Cactus (Paris) 31(Suppl.): 2. 1952 syn. sec. Tropicos

Acc.#30.39.1 Cochemiea swinglei (Britton & Rose) Doweld in Sukkulenty 3: 39. 2000. Sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Syn.#30.39.1Neomammillaria swinglei Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 158. 1923 Chilita swinglei (Britton & Rose) Orcutt in Cactography 2. 1926 Mammillaria swinglei (Britton & Rose) Boed., Mammillarien-Vergleichs-Schluessel: 33. 1933 Ebnerella swinglei (Britton & Rose) Buxb. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 98: 90. 1951 Mammillaria microcarpa f. swinglei (Britton & Rose) Neutel. in Succulenta (Netherlands) 65: 4. 1986 Mammillaria milleri f. swinglei (Britton & Rose) Neutel. in Succulenta (Netherlands) 65: 119. 1986 Mammillaria dioica subsp. swinglei (Britton & Rose) Hoeve in J. Mammillaria Soc. 53: 16. 2013

Acc.#30.40.1 Cochemiea tetrancistra (Engelm.) P.B.Breslin & Majure in Taxon 70(2): 320. 2021. Sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Syn.#30.40.1Mammillaria tetrancistra Engelm. in Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, 14(42): 337–338. 1852 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Cactus tetrancistrus (Engelm.) J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 104. 1894 Phellosperma tetrancistra (Engelm.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 60. 1923 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Neomammillaria tetrancistra (Engelm.) Fosberg in Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 30: 57. 1931 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Bartschella tetrancistra (Engelm.) Doweld in Sukkulenty 3: 38. 2000 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Syn.#30.40.2= Mammillaria phellosperma Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 262. 1856 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Cactus phellospermus (Engelm.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#30.41.1 Cochemiea theresae (Cutak) Doweld in Sukkulenty 3: 39. 2000. Sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Syn.#30.41.1Mammillaria theresae Cutak in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 39(2): 239–241, f. 1–5. 1967 Mammillaria saboae var. theresae (Cutak) G.D.Rowley in J. Mammillaria Soc. 19: 30. 1979, nom. inval.

Acc.#30.42.1 Cochemiea thomasii García-Mor., Rodr.González, J.García-Jim. & Iamonico in Acta Bot. Mex. 127 (e1626): 2. 2020. Sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Acc.#30.43.1 Cochemiea thornberi (Orcutt) P.B.Breslin & Majure in Taxon 70(2): 320. 2021. Sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Syn.#30.43.1Mammillaria thornberi Orcutt in W. Amer. Sci. 12: 161. 1902 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Chilita thornberi (Orcutt) Orcutt in Cactography 2. 1926 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Acc.#30.44.1 Cochemiea thornberi subsp. thornberi

Acc.#30.45.1 Cochemiea thornberi subsp. yaquensis (R.T.Craig) P.B.Breslin & Majure in Taxon 70(2): 320. 2021. Sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Syn.#30.45.1Mammillaria yaquensis R.T.Craig, Mammill. Handb.: 320. 1945 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Ebnerella yaquensis (R.T.Craig) Buxb. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 98: 90. 1951 Chilita yaquensis (R.T.Craig) Buxb. in Sukkulentenkunde 5: 15. 1954 Neomammillaria yaquensis (R.T.Craig) Y.Itô, Cactaceae: 593. 1981 Mammillaria thornberi var. yaquensis (R.T.Craig) Neutel. in Succulenta (Netherlands) 65: 119. 1986 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Mammillaria thornberi subsp. yaquensis (R.T.Craig) D.R.Hunt, Mammillaria Postscripts 6: 5. 1997 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Bartschella yaquensis (R.T.Craig) Doweld in Sukkulenty 3: 38. 2000

Acc.#30.46.1 Cochemiea viridiflora (Britton & Rose) P.B.Breslin & Majure in Taxon 70(2): 320. 2021. Sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Syn.#30.46.1Neomammillaria viridiflora Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 153. 1923 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Chilita viridiflora (Britton & Rose) Orcutt in Cactography 2. 1926 Mammillaria viridiflora (Britton & Rose) Boed., Mammillarien-VergleichsSchluessel: 36. 1933 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Mammillaria wrightii var. viridiflora (Britton & Rose) W.T.Marshall in Desert. Bot. Gard. Arizona, Sci. Bull. 1: 102. 1950 syn. sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Acc.#30.47.1 Cochemiea wrightii (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) Doweld in Sukkulenty 3: 39. 2000. Sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Syn.#30.47.1Mammillaria wrightii Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 262. 1856 Cactus wrightii (Engelm.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891 Neomammillaria wrightii (Engelm.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 152. 1923 Chilita wrightii (Engelm.) Orcutt in Cactography 2. 1926 Ebnerella wrightii (Engelm.) Buxb. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 98: 90. 1951 Mammillaria wrightii var. wrightii

Syn.#30.47.2= Mammillaria wrightii f. wolfii D.R.Hunt in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 41(4): 97–98. 1979 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mammillaria wrightii var. wolfii (D.R.Hunt) Repp., Gattung Mammillaria 1: 99. 1991 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#30.48.1 Cochemiea wrightii subsp. wilcoxii (Toumey ex K.Schum.) Doweld in Sukkulenty 3: 39. 2000. Sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Syn.#30.48.1Mammillaria wilcoxii Toumey ex K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 545. 1898 Neomammillaria wilcoxii (Toumey ex K.Schum.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 153. 1923 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Chilita wilcoxii (Toumey ex K.Schum.) Orcutt in Cactography 2. 1926 Mammillaria wrightii var. wilcoxii (Toumey ex K.Schum.) W.T.Marshall, Ariz. Cactuses: 100. 1950 Ebnerella wilcoxii (Toumey ex K.Schum.) Buxb. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 98: 90. 1951 Mammillaria wrightii subsp. wilcoxii (Toumey ex K.Schum.) D.R.Hunt, Mammillaria Postscripts 6: 5. 1997 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#30.48.2= Mammillaria meridiorosei Castetter, P.Pierce & K.H.Schwer. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 50(4): 177–178, f. 1–5. 1978 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#30.49.1 Cochemiea wrightii subsp. wrightii

Acc.#31. Coleocephalocereus Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1938(6): 22. 1938. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Type: Coleocephalocereus fluminensis (Miq.) Backeb.

Syn.#31.g1= Buiningia Buxb. in Krainz, Kakteen: 46-47, C IV. 1971 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004). Type: Buiningia brevicylindrica Buining

Syn.#31.0.1= Mariottia Guiggi, Iconogr. Cat. Cact. Cult. Hanbury: 42. 2016 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#31.1.1 Coleocephalocereus aureus F.Ritter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 19: 158. 1968. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#31.1.2= Buiningia brevicylindrica Buining in Krainz, Kakteen 46–47: CIV. 1971 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Coleocephalocereus brevicylindricus (Buining) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 122. 1979 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Coleocephalocereus aureus subsp. brevicylindricus (Buining) P.J.Braun in Kakteen And. Sukk. 42(4): cppo 60. 1991 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#31.1.3= Buiningia brevicylindrica var. elongata Buining in Krainz, Kakteen 46–47: CIV. 1971 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Coleocephalocereus brevicylindricus var. elongatus (Buining) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 122. 1979 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Coleocephalocereus elongatus (Buining) P.J.Braun in Bradleya 6: 92. 1988 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Coleocephalocereus aureus subsp. elongatus (Buining) P.J.Braun in Kakteen And. Sukk. 42(4): cppo 60. 1991 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#31.1.4= Buiningia brevicylindrica var. longispina Buining in Krainz, Kakteen 46–47: CIV. 1971 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Coleocephalocereus brevicylindricus var. longispinus (Buining) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 122. 1979 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Coleocephalocereus aureus var. longispinus (Buining) P.J.Braun in Kakteen And. Sukk. 42(4): cppo 60. 1991 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#31.2.1 Coleocephalocereus buxbaumianus Buining in Succulenta (Netherlands) 53(2): 28. 1974. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#31.2.2= Coleocephalocereus braunii Diers & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 36: 34. 1985 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#31.3.1 Coleocephalocereus buxbaumianus subsp. buxbaumianus. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#31.4.1 Coleocephalocereus buxbaumianus subsp. flavisetus (F.Ritter) N.P.Taylor & Zappi in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 7. 1997. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#31.4.1Coleocephalocereus flavisetus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 127–128. 1979 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#31.4.2= Coleocephalocereus estevesii Diers in Kakteen And. Sukk. 29: 205. 1978 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#31.5.1 Coleocephalocereus fluminensis (Miq.) Backeb. in Cactaceae (Berlin) 1941(2): 53. 1942. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#31.5.1Cereus fluminensis Miq. in Bull. Sci. Phys. Nat. Néerl.: 48. 1838 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Cephalocereus fluminensis (Miq.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 29. 1920 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Austrocephalocereus fluminensis (Miq.) Buxb. in Beitr. Biol. Pflanzen 44: 240. 1968 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#31.5.2= Cactus melocactus Vell., Fl. Flumin.: 205. 1829 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Cereus melocactus (Vell.) A.Berger in Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 16: 62. 1905 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#31.5.3= ?Cereus ferox Haw. in Philos. Mag. Ann. Chem. 9: 109. 1830 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#31.5.4= Pilocereus vellozoi Lem. in Rev. Hort. 1862: 427. 1862 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#31.5.5= Cephalocereus melocactus K.Schum., Fl. Bras. 4(2): 215. 1890 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#31.5.6= Pilocereus melocactus K.Schum. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 3: 20. 1893 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#31.5.7= ?Leocereus paulensis Speg. in Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 99: 116. 1925 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Cereus paulensis (Speg.) Werderm. in Backeberg, Neue Kakteen: 80. 1931 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#31.5.8= Coleocephalocereus paulensis F.Ritter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 19: 161. 1968 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Coleocephalocereus fluminensis var. paulensis (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun in Kakteen And. Sukk. 42(8): cppo 130. 1991 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Coleocephalocereus fluminensis subsp. paulensis (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Succulenta (Netherlands) 74: 84. 1995 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#31.5.9= Coleocephalocereus diersianus P.J.Braun & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 39: 53. 1988 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#31.6.1 Coleocephalocereus fluminensis subsp. decumbens (F.Ritter) N.P.Taylor & Zappi in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 7. 1997. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#31.6.1Coleocephalocereus decumbens F.Ritter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 19: 160–161. 1968 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#31.7.1 Coleocephalocereus fluminensis subsp. fluminensis. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#31.7.2= Coleocephalocereus fluminensis var. braamhaarii P.J.Braun in Kakteen And. Sukk. 33: 121. 1982 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Coleocephalocereus fluminensis subsp. braamhaarii (P.J.Braun) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Succulenta (Netherlands) 74: 84. 1995 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#31.8.1 Coleocephalocereus goebelianus (Vaupel) Buining in Kakteen And. Sukk. 21: 202. 1970. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#31.8.1Cereus goebelianus Vaupel in Z. Sukkulentenk. 1(6): 58. 1923 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Mariottia goebeliana (Vaupel) Guiggi, Iconogr. Cat. Cact. Cult. Hanbury: 42. 2016 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#31.8.2= Coleocephalocereus pachystele F.Ritter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 19: 157. 1968 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#31.9.1 Coleocephalocereus pluricostatus Buining & Brederoo in Krainz, Kakteen 46–47: C IV b. 1971. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#31.9.2= Coleocephalocereus pluricostatus subsp. uebelmanniorum P.J.Braun & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 44: 152. 1993 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Coleocephalocereus uebelmanniorum (P.J.Braun & Esteves) P.J.Braun, Esteves & Hofacker in Kakteen And. Sukk. 58: 213. 2007 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#31.10.1 Coleocephalocereus purpureus (Buining & Brederoo) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 128. 1979. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#31.10.1Buiningia purpurea Buining & Brederoo in Kakteen And. Sukk. 24(6): 121–123. 1973 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#32. Consolea Lem. in Rev. Hort. (Paris) 1862: 174. 1862. Sec. Majure & al. (2021) Type: Consolea spinosissima (Mill.) Lem.

Notes. – Phylogenetics: Plastid and nuclear ITS data so far provided inconclusive results for the placement of Consolea and its separation from Opuntia. Consolea was found to be imbedded in Opuntia by Griffith & Porter (2009) based on combined nuclear and plastid data. The plastid and nuclear data of Majure & al. (2012) supported the monophyly but were incongruent regarding the placement of Consolea: while plastid data resolved Consolea outside of Opuntia (BS=53%), nuclear ITS data resolve Consolea within Opuntia (BS=75%), yet both these placements receive only weak support. Support for a placement outside of Opuntia increased to 81% BS when only diploids were included in a combined nuclear and plastid analysis. Majure & al. (2012) pointed out that evolution in Opuntia and allies involves hybridization and allopolyploidization and that Consolea might be of allopolyploid origin, as indicated by the incongruent plastid and nuclear trees. Nevertheless, Majure & al. (2012) and Majure & Puente (2014) argue for recognizing Consolea as a genus distinct from Opuntia because of good support for its monophyly, the placement by combined plastid and nuclear data outside of Opuntia and unique morphological characteristics. More recent topologies based on phylogenomic datasets and broader taxon sampling resolve Consolea as sister to the rest of Opuntieae (Köhler & al. 2020, Majure & al. in revision). Majure & al. (in revision) used plastome data to reveal species relationships in the clade. Barrios & al. (2019) and Majure & Clase (2018) provided updated distribution information for the species on Cuba and Hispaniola. [Majure (2021)]

Acc.#32.1.1 Consolea falcata (Ekman & Werderm.) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 146. 1936 ["1935"]. Sec. Majure & al. (2021)

Syn.#32.1.1Opuntia falcata Ekman & Werderm. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 29: 228. 1931

Acc.#32.2.1 Consolea macracantha (Griseb.) A.Berger, Entwicklungslin. Kakt.: 94. 1926. Sec. Majure & al. (2021)

Syn.#32.2.1Opuntia macracantha Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub.: 116. 1866 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#32.2.2= Opuntia macracantha Gibbes in Proc. Elliott Soc. Nat. Hist. Charleston 1: 273. 1859 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#32.2.3= Consolea millspaughii subsp. caymanensis Areces in Brittonia 53: 100. 2001 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#32.3.1 Consolea microcarpa E.F.Anderson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 71: 324. 1999. Sec. Majure & al. (2021)

Syn.#32.3.2= Opuntia picardae Urb. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 16: 35. 1919 syn. sec. Majure & Clase (2018) Consolea picardae (Urb.) Areces in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 72: 42. 2000 syn. sec. Majure & Clase (2018)

Acc.#32.4.1 Consolea millspaughii (Britton) A.Berger, Entwicklungslin. Kakt.: 94. 1926. Sec. Majure & al. (2021)

Syn.#32.4.1Opuntia millspaughii Britton in Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 50: 513. 1908 syn. sec. Barrios & al. (2019) Consolea spinosissima subsp. millspaughii (Britton) Guiggi in Cactology 1: 23. 2007

Acc.#32.5.1 Consolea millspaughii subsp. corallicola (Small) Majure in Willdenowia 51: 264. 2021. Sec. Majure (2021)

Syn.#32.5.1Consolea corallicola Small in Addisonia 15: 25. 1930 syn. sec. Majure (2021) Opuntia corallicola (Small) Werderm. in Backeberg, Neue Kakteen: 66. 1931 syn. sec. Majure (2021) Consolea spinosissima subsp. corallicola (Small) Guiggi in Cactology 3: 18. 2012 syn. sec. Majure (2021)

Acc.#32.6.1 Consolea millspaughii subsp. millspaughii. Sec. Majure (2021)

Acc.#32.7.1 Consolea moniliformis (L.) A.Berger, Entwicklungslin. Kakt.: 94. 1926. Sec. Majure & al. (2021)

Syn.#32.7.1Cactus moniliformis L., Sp. Pl.: 468. 1753 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Cereus moniliformis (L.) DC. in Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 60. 1828 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Opuntia moniliformis (L.) Haw. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2(2-5): 221. 1841 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Nopalea moniliformis (L.) K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 750. 1898 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#32.7.2= Cactus ferox Willd., Enum. Pl., Suppl.: 35. 1814 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Consolea ferox (Willd.) Lem. in Rev. Hort. 34: 174. 1862 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#32.7.3= Opuntia ferox Haw., Suppl. Pl. Succ.: 82. 1819 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#32.7.4= Opuntia dolabriformis Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 167. 1837 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#32.7.5= Opuntia haitiensis Britton in Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 50: 513. 1908 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#32.8.1 Consolea moniliformis subsp. guantanamana Areces in Brittonia 48: 225. 1996. Sec. Barrios & al. (2019)

Syn.#32.8.1Opuntia moniliformis f. guantanamana (Areces) Govaerts, World Checkl. Seed Pl. 3(1): 21. 1999 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#32.9.1 Consolea moniliformis subsp. moniliformis

Acc.#32.10.1 Consolea nashii (Britton) A.Berger, Entwicklungslin. Kakt.: 94. 1926. Sec. Majure & al. (2021)

Syn.#32.10.1Opuntia nashii Britton in Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 3: 446. 1905 syn. sec. Barrios & al. (2019) Consolea macracantha subsp. nashii (Britton) Guiggi in Cactology 1: 23. 2007 syn. sec. Barrios & al. (2019)

Acc.#32.11.1 Consolea nashii subsp. gibarensis Areces in Brittonia 48: 231. 1996. Sec. Barrios & al. (2019)

Syn.#32.11.1Opuntia nashii subsp. gibarensis (Areces) Govaerts, World Checkl. Seed Pl. 3(1): 21. 1999 syn. sec. Barrios & al. (2019)

Acc.#32.12.1 Consolea nashii subsp. nashii

Acc.#32.13.1 Consolea rubescens (Salm-Dyck ex DC.) Lem. in Rev. Hort. 34: 174. 1862. Sec. Majure & al. (2021)

Syn.#32.13.1Opuntia rubescens Salm-Dyck ex DC., Prodr. 3: 474. 1828 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Cactus rubescens (Salm-Dyck ex DC.) Lem. in Rev. Hort. 1862: 174. 1862 syn. sec. Tropicos Consolea moniliformis subsp. rubescens (Salm-Dyck ex DC.) Guiggi in Cactology 1: 23. 2007

Syn.#32.13.2= Opuntia catocantha Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 166. 1837 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Consolea catacantha (Link & Otto) Lem. in Rev. Hort. 34: 174. 1862 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#32.13.3= Opuntia guanicana Gürke in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 18: 180. 1908 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1919) Consolea guanicana (K.Schum. ex Gürke) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 146. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#32.14.1 Consolea spinosissima (Mill.) Lem., Rev. Hort.: 174. 1862. Sec. Majure & al. (2021)

Syn.#32.14.1Opuntia spinosissima Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8: Opuntia No. 88. 1768 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#32.14.2= Cactus spinosissimus Martyn, Cat. Hort. Bot. Cantabrig.: 88. 1771 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#32.14.3= Opuntia cruciata Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 167. 1837 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#32.15.1 Consolea testudinis-crus (F.A.C.Weber) Mottram & Hoxey in The Cactician 13: 73. 2020. Sec. Mottram & Hoxey (2020)

Syn.#32.15.1Opuntia testudinis-crus F.A.C.Weber in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 10: 389. 1904 syn. sec. Mottram & Hoxey (2020)

Acc.#33. Copiapoa Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 85. 1922. Sec. Larridon & al. (2015) Type: Copiapoa marginata (Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose

Syn.#33.g1= Pilocopiapoa F.Ritter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 12: 20. 1961 syn. sec. Hunt (2016). Type: Pilocopiapoa solaris F.Ritter

Notes. – Phylogenetics: Larridon & al. (2015) have conducted the first molecular phylogenetic study of Copiapoa, using sequences from the three plastid DNA markers rpl32-trnL, trnH-psbA, and ycf1. They have additionally modeled the species distributions based on geo-referenced localities and climatic data and analysed the evolution of selected morphological characters. Copiapoa was maximally supported as monophyletic. The subclades that were resolved and received good statistical support did not fit to previously suggested subgeneric classifications, therefore the authors have provided a new subgeneric classification with four sections and two subsections based on their results. The data also allowed to define 32 species and 5 subspecies, though not all relations between the species could be resolved. The recovered relationships were often supported by morphological characters and distribution patterns. Larridon & al. (2018) conducted a population genetic study and modeled the species distributions. [Guerrero (2021)]

Acc.#33.1.1 Copiapoa angustiflora Helmut Walter, G.J.Charles & Mächler in Cact. World 24: 188. 2006. Sec. Larridon & al. (2015)

Acc.#33.2.1 Copiapoa aphanes Mächler & Helmut Walter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 56: 101. 2005. Sec. Larridon & al. (2015)

Acc.#33.3.1 Copiapoa armata (F.Ritter) Helmut Walter & Larridon in Am. J. Bot. 102(9): 1517. 2015. Sec. Larridon & al. (2015)

Syn.#33.3.1Copiapoa coquimbana var. armata F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1075. 1980 syn. sec. Larridon & al. (2015)

Acc.#33.4.1 Copiapoa atacamensis Middled. in The Chileans 11(37): 21. 1980. Sec. Larridon & al. (2015)

Syn.#33.4.1Copiapoa calderana subsp. atacamensis (Middled.) Doweld in Sukkulenty 4: 55. 2001 ["2002"] syn. sec. Larridon & al. (2015) Copiapoa calderana subsp. atacamensis (Middled.) D.R.Hunt in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 13: 12. 2002 syn. sec. Larridon & al. (2015)

Syn.#33.4.2= Echinocactus bolivianus Pfeiff., Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 2: t. 14. 1846 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Copiapoa boliviana (Pfeiff.) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1089. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#33.5.1 Copiapoa australis (Hoxey) Helmut Walter & Larridon in Am. J. Bot. 102(9): 1516. 2015. Sec. Larridon & al. (2015)

Syn.#33.5.1Copiapoa humilis subsp. australis Hoxey in Brit. Cact. Succ. J. 22: 39. 2004 syn. sec. Larridon & al. (2015)

Acc.#33.6.1 Copiapoa calderana F.Ritter in Cactus 65: 197. 1959. Sec. Larridon & al. (2015)

Syn.#33.6.1Copiapoa atacamensis var. calderiana (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 98. 1989, nom. illeg. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#33.6.2= Copiapoa lembckei Backeb., Cactaceae 3: 1922. 1959, nom. illeg. syn. sec. Zuloaga & al. (2008)

Syn.#33.6.3Copiapoa calderiana var. spinosior F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1082. 1980, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#33.7.1 Copiapoa cinerascens (Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 88. 1922. Sec. Larridon & al. (2015)

Syn.#33.7.1Echinocactus cinerascens Salm-Dyck in Allg. Gartenzeitung 13: 387. 1845 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#33.7.2= Echinocactus ambiguus Hildm. ex K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 311. 1898 Chilenia ambigua (Hildm. ex K.Schum.) Backeb. in Kakteenkunde 1939: 82. 1939 Weingartia ambigua (Hildm. ex K.Schum.) Backeb. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 23: 86. 1951 Neoporteria ambigua (Hildm. ex K.Schum.) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 259. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Hildmannia ambigua (Hildm. ex K.Schum.) Kreuz. & Buining in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 50: 206. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neochilenia ambigua (Hildm. ex K.Schum.) Y.Itô, Explan. Diagr. Austroechinocactinae: 276. 1957 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#33.7.3= Copiapoa applanata Backeb., Cactaceae 3: 1913. 1959 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#33.7.4= Copiapoa cinerascens var. intermedia F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1084. 1980 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#33.7.5= Echinocactus copiapensis Pfeiff., Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 2: t. 14. 1846 syn. sec. Tropicos Copiapoa copiapensis (Pfeiff.) Meregalli in Piante Grasse 11(4): 22. 1992 ["1991"], nom. inval. syn. sec. Larridon & al. (2015)

Acc.#33.8.1 Copiapoa cinerea (Phil.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 86, f. 98. 1922. Sec. Larridon & al. (2018)

Syn.#33.8.1Echinocactus cinereus Phil., Fl. Atacam.: 23. 1860 syn. sec. Larridon & al. (2018) Copiapoa cinerea var. cinerea

Syn.#33.8.2= Copiapoa cinerea var. albispina F.Ritter in Taxon 12: 30. 1963 syn. sec. Larridon & al. (2018)

Acc.#33.9.1 Copiapoa cinerea subsp. cinerea. Sec. Larridon & al. (2018)

Acc.#33.10.1 Copiapoa cinerea subsp. columna-alba (F.Ritter) D.R.Hunt in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 13: 13. 2002. Sec. Larridon & al. (2018)

Syn.#33.10.1Copiapoa columna-alba F.Ritter in Cactus 65: 199. 1959 Copiapoa cinerea var. columna-alba (F.Ritter) Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3820. 1962 Copiapoa cinerea subsp. columna-alba (F.Ritter) Doweld in Sukkulenty 4(1-2): 48. 2002 ["2001"]

Syn.#33.10.2= Copiapoa columna-alba var. nuda F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1095. 1980 syn. sec. Larridon & al. (2018)

Syn.#33.10.3= Copiapoa melanohystrix F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1096. 1980 syn. sec. Larridon & al. (2018)

Acc.#33.11.1 Copiapoa cinerea subsp. krainziana (F.Ritter) Slaba in Kaktusy (Brno) 33 (Spec.): 3. 1997. Sec. Larridon & al. (2018)

Syn.#33.11.1Copiapoa krainziana F.Ritter in Taxon 12: 30. 1963 syn. sec. Larridon & al. (2015) Copiapoa cinerea var. krainziana (F.Ritter) G.J.Charles in Brit. Cact. Succ. J. 16: 15. 1998

Syn.#33.11.2= Copiapoa krainziana var. scopulina F.Ritter in Taxon 12: 31. 1963 syn. sec. Larridon & al. (2018)

Acc.#33.12.1 Copiapoa conglomerata (Phil.) Lembcke in Kakteen And. Sukk. 17: 29. 1966. Sec. Larridon & al. (2015)

Syn.#33.12.1Echinocactus conglomeratus Phil., Fl. Atacam.: 23. 1860

Syn.#33.12.2= Copiapoa ahremephiana N.P.Taylor & G.J.Charles in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 13: 15. 2002 syn. sec. Larridon & al. (2015)

Acc.#33.13.1 Copiapoa coquimbana (Karw. ex Rümpler) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 87, pl. 10, f. 2. 1922. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#33.13.1Echinocactus coquimbanus Karw. ex Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 601. 1885 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Copiapoa coquimbana var. coquimbana

Syn.#33.13.2= Cereus pepinianus Lem. ex Salm-Dyck in Allg. Gartenzeitung 13: 354. 1845 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Copiapoa pepiniana (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 281. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria pepiniana (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 215. 1937 syn. sec. Larridon & al. (2015)

Syn.#33.13.3= Copiapoa pendulina F.Ritter in Cactus (Paris) 63: 134. 1959 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Copiapoa coquimbana var. pendulina (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 108. 1989 syn. sec. Tropicos Copiapoa coquimbana subsp. pendulina (F.Ritter) Doweld in Sukkulenty 4: 55. 2002 ["2001"] syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#33.13.4= Copiapoa alticostata F.Ritter in Taxon 12: 29. 1963 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Copiapoa coquimbana var. alticostata (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 108. 1989 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#33.13.5= Copiapoa coquimbana var. wagenknechtii F.Ritter in Taxon 12: 30. 1963 syn. sec. Tropicos Copiapoa neocoquimbana var. wagenknechtii (F.Ritter) Y.Itô, Cactaceae: 369. 1981 syn. sec. Tropicos Copiapoa wagenknechtii H.Winter ex F.Ritter in Taxon 12: 30. 1963, nom. inval. syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#33.13.6= Copiapoa pseudocoquimbana F.Ritter in Taxon 12: 30. 1963 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Copiapoa coquimbana var. pseudocoquimbana (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 108. 1989 syn. sec. Tropicos Copiapoa coquimbana subsp. pseudocoquimbana (F.Ritter) Doweld in Sukkulenty 4: 55. 2002 ["2001"] syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#33.13.7= Copiapoa pseudocoquimbana var. vulgata F.Ritter in Taxon 12: 30. 1963 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#33.13.8= Copiapoa serenana Voldan in Kakteen And. Sukk. 27: 185. 1976 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#33.13.9= Copiapoa pseudocoquimbana var. chaniarensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1077. 1980 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#33.13.10= Copiapoa pseudocoquimbana var. domeykoensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1077. 1980 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#33.13.11= Copiapoa vallenarensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1077. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Copiapoa coquimbana var. vallenarensis (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 108. 1989 Copiapoa coquimbana subsp. vallenarensis (F.Ritter) Doweld in Sukkulenty 4: 55. 2002 ["2001"]

Syn.#33.13.12= Copiapoa neocoquimbana Y.Itô, Cactaceae: 368. 1981 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#33.13.13= Copiapoa coquimbana subsp. andina I.Schaub & Keim in Cactus & Co. 13: 13. 2009 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#33.13.14= Copiapoa schulziana I.Schaub & Keim in Cactus & Co. 13: 18. 2009 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#33.13.15= Copiapoa sarcoana I.Schaub & Keim in Cactus & Co. 16: 6. 2012 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#33.14.1 Copiapoa coquimbana subsp. coquimbana

Acc.#33.15.1 Copiapoa coquimbana subsp. rubispina Piombetti in Xerophilia 4(3): 76. 2015. Sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#33.16.1 Copiapoa corralensis I.Schaub & Keim in Cact. Explor. 16: 48. 2016. Sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#33.17.1 Copiapoa dealbata F.Ritter in Cactus 63: 137. 1959. Sec. Larridon & al. (2015)

Syn.#33.17.1Copiapoa cinerea var. dealbata (F.Ritter) Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3823. 1962 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Copiapoa cinerea subsp. dealbata (F.Ritter) Slaba in Kaktusy (Brno) 33 (Spec.): 3. 1997 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#33.17.2= Echinocactus malletianus Lem. ex Salm-Dyck in Allg. Gartenzeitung 13: 387. 1845 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#33.17.3= Copiapoa carrizalensis F.Ritter in Cactus (Paris) 63: 139. 1959 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Copiapoa dealbata var. carrizalensis (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 112. 1989 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#33.17.4= Copiapoa carrizalensis var. gigantea F.Ritter in Taxon 12: 29. 1963 syn. sec. Tropicos Copiapoa dealbata f. gigantea (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 112. 1989 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#33.18.1 Copiapoa decorticans N.P.Taylor & G.J.Charles in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 13: 15. 2002. Sec. Larridon & al. (2015)

Acc.#33.19.1 Copiapoa desertorum F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1060. 1980. Sec. Larridon & al. (2015)

Syn.#33.19.1Copiapoa rupestris subsp. desertorum (F.Ritter) D.R.Hunt in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 13: 15. 2002 syn. sec. Tropicos Copiapoa taltalensis subsp. desertorum (F.Ritter) G.J.Charles, Cact. Fl. Silv. Chile, ed. 2: 164. 2004 syn. sec. Larridon & al. (2015)

Acc.#33.20.1 Copiapoa echinoides (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 88–89, f. 100. 1922. Sec. Larridon & al. (2015)

Syn.#33.20.1Echinocactus echinoides Lem. ex Salm-Dyck in Allg. Gartenzeitung 13: 386. 1845 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#33.20.2= Echinocactus bridgesii Pfeiff., Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 2: t. 14. 1846 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Copiapoa bridgesii (Pfeiff.) Backeb., Cactaceae 3: 1909. 1959 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Copiapoa marginata var. bridgesii (Pfeiff.) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 124. 1989 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#33.20.3= Echinocactus salm-dyckianus Pfeiff., Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 2: t. 14. 1846 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#33.20.4= Echinocactus cupreatus Poselg. ex Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2, 2(16): 602. 1886 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Hildmannia cupreata (Poselg. ex Rümpler) Kreuz. & Buining in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 50: 206. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Copiapoa cupreata (Poselg. ex Rümpler) Backeb., Cactaceae 3: 1920. 1959 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria tuberisulcata var. cupreata (Poselg. ex Rümpler) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 58. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#33.20.5= Copiapoa cuprea F.Ritter in Cactus (Paris) 63: 136. 1959 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Copiapoa echinoides var. cuprea (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 116. 1989 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#33.20.6= Copiapoa dura F.Ritter in Taxon 12: 31. 1963 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#33.20.7= Copiapoa griseoviolacea I.Schaub & Keim in Cactus & Co. 14(10): 10. 2011 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#33.21.1 Copiapoa esmeraldana F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1064. 1980. Sec. Larridon & al. (2015)

Syn.#33.21.1Copiapoa humilis var. esmeraldana (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 118. 1989 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#33.21.2= Copiapoa grandiflora subsp. ritteri Doweld in Sukkulenty 4: 55. 2002 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#33.22.1 Copiapoa fiedleriana (K.Schum.) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 280. 1936 ["1935"]. Sec. Larridon & al. (2015)

Syn.#33.22.1Echinocactus fiedlerianus K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt., Nachtr. 1: 121. 1903 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Copiapoa pepiniana var. fiedleriana (K.Schum.) Backeb., Cactaceae 3: 1919. 1959 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Copiapoa coquimbana var. fiedleriana (K.Schum.) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 108. 1989

Syn.#33.22.2= Copiapoa echinata F.Ritter in Cactus (Paris) 63: 123. 1959 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Copiapoa megarhiza var. echinata (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 126. 1989 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Copiapoa megarhiza subsp. echinata (F.Ritter) Doweld in Sukkulenty 4(1-2): 55. 2002 ["2001"] syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Copiapoa megarhiza subsp. echinata (F.Ritter) G.J.Charles in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 21: 11. 2006 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#33.22.3= Copiapoa totoralensis F.Ritter in Cactus (Paris) 66: 23. 1960 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#33.22.4= Copiapoa echinata f. pulla F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1081. 1980 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#33.22.5= Copiapoa echinata var. pulla F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1081. 1980 syn. sec. IPNI: 6 sept 2020

Syn.#33.22.6= Copiapoa echinata var. borealis F.Ritter syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#33.22.7= Copiapoa intermedia F.Ritter syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#33.23.1 Copiapoa fusca I.Schaub & Keim in Cact. Explor. 16: 42. 2016. Sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#33.24.1 Copiapoa gigantea Backeb. in Jahrb. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 1: 104. 1936. Sec. Larridon & al. (2015)

Syn.#33.24.1Copiapoa cinerea var. gigantea (Backeb.) N.P.Taylor in Bradleya 5: 92. 1987 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Copiapoa cinerea subsp. gigantea (Backeb.) Slaba in Kaktusy (Brno) 33 (Spec.): 3. 1997 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#33.24.2= Copiapoa haseltoniana Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 33. 1963 syn. sec. Larridon & al. (2018) Copiapoa gigantea var. haseltoniana (Backeb.) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1101. 1980 Copiapoa cinerea var. haseltoniana (Backeb.) N.P.Taylor in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 43: 53. 1981 Copiapoa cinerea subsp. haseltoniana (Backeb.) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 8. 1997 Copiapoa gigantea subsp. haseltoniana (Backeb.) Doweld in Sukkulenty 4: 49. 2002 ["2001"]

Syn.#33.24.3= Copiapoa eremophila F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1104. 1980 syn. sec. Larridon & al. (2018) Copiapoa cinerea var. eremophila (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 106. 1989 syn. sec. Tropicos Copiapoa cinerea subsp. eremophila (F.Ritter) Doweld in Sukkulenty 4: 49. 2002 ["2001"] syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#33.24.4= Copiapoa tenebrosa F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1098. 1980 syn. sec. Larridon & al. (2018) Copiapoa cinerea var. tenebrosa (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 106. 1989 syn. sec. Larridon & al. (2015)

Acc.#33.25.1 Copiapoa grandiflora F.Ritter in Taxon 12: 30. 1963. Sec. Larridon & al. (2015)

Syn.#33.25.1Copiapoa cinerascens var. grandiflora (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 100. 1989 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Copiapoa montana subsp. grandiflora (F.Ritter) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 8. 1997 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#33.25.2= Copiapoa superba I.Schaub & Keim in Cactus & Co. 16: 18. 2012 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#33.26.1 Copiapoa humilis (Phil.) Hutch. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 25: 34. 1953. Sec. Larridon & al. (2015)

Syn.#33.26.1Echinocactus humilis Phil., Fl. Atacam.: 23. 1860 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#33.26.2= Echinocactus humilis Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 471. 1885 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#33.26.3= Copiapoa chaniaralensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1063. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#33.26.4= Copiapoa humilis var. paposoensis A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 118. 1989 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#33.27.1 Copiapoa humilis subsp. humilis. Sec. Larridon & al. (2015)

Acc.#33.28.1 Copiapoa humilis subsp. matancillensis I.Schaub & Keim in Cactus & Co. 20(1): 15. 2016. Sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#33.29.1 Copiapoa humilis subsp. tenuissima (F.Ritter ex D.R.Hunt) D.R.Hunt in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 6. 2003. Sec. Larridon & al. (2015)

Syn.#33.29.1Copiapoa hypogaea subsp. tenuissima F.Ritter ex D.R.Hunt in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 13: 14. 2002 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Copiapoa tenuissima F.Ritter in Taxon 12: 31. 1963, nom. inval. syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Copiapoa humilis var. tenuissima (F.Ritter) G.J.Charles in Brit. Cact. Succ. J. 16: 15. 1998, nom. inval.

Acc.#33.30.1 Copiapoa humilis subsp. tocopillana (F.Ritter) D.R.Hunt in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 13: 14. 2002. Sec. Larridon & al. (2015)

Syn.#33.30.1Copiapoa tocopillana F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1072. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Copiapoa humilis var. tocopillana (F.Ritter) G.J.Charles in Brit. Cact. Succ. J. 16: 15. 1998 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Copiapoa humilis subsp. tocopillana (F.Ritter) Doweld in Sukkulenty 4(1-2): 49. 2002 ["2001"] syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#33.31.1 Copiapoa humilis subsp. variispinata (F.Ritter) D.R.Hunt in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 13: 14. 2002. Sec. Larridon & al. (2015)

Syn.#33.31.1Copiapoa variispinata F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1070. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Copiapoa humilis var. variispinata (F.Ritter) G.Charles, Cactus File Handb. 4: 48. 1998

Syn.#33.31.2= Copiapoa paposoensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1068. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#33.32.1 Copiapoa hypogaea F.Ritter in Cactus (Paris) 66: 19. 1960. Sec. Larridon & al. (2015)

Syn.#33.32.1Pilocopiapoa hypogaea (F.Ritter) Y.Itô, Cactaceae: 650. 1981 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#33.32.2= Copiapoa hypogaea var. barquitensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1086. 1980 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#33.33.1 Copiapoa hypogaea subsp. cobrensis Doweld in Sukkulenty 4: 49. 2002 ["2001"]. Sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#33.34.1 Copiapoa hypogaea subsp. hypogaea

Acc.#33.35.1 Copiapoa laui Diers in Kakteen And. Sukk. 31: 365. 1980. Sec. Larridon & al. (2015)

Syn.#33.35.1Copiapoa hypogaea var. laui (Diers) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 120. 1989 syn. sec. Larridon & al. (2015) Copiapoa hypogaea subsp. laui (Diers) G.J.Charles in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 21: 10. 2006 syn. sec. Larridon & al. (2015)

Acc.#33.36.1 Copiapoa leonensis I.Schaub & Keim in Cactus & Co. 10: 124. 2006. Sec. Larridon & al. (2015)

Syn.#33.36.2= Copiapoa megarhiza subsp. parvula Mächler & Helmut Walter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 56: 297. 2005 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#33.37.1 Copiapoa longispina F.Ritter in Taxon 12: 31. 1963. Sec. Larridon & al. (2015)

Syn.#33.37.1Copiapoa humilis var. longispina (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 118. 1989 syn. sec. Larridon & al. (2015) Copiapoa humilis subsp. longispina (F.Ritter) Doweld in Sukkulenty 4: 49. 2002 ["2001"] syn. sec. Larridon & al. (2015)

Acc.#33.38.1 Copiapoa longistaminea F.Ritter in Taxon 12: 31. 1963. Sec. Larridon & al. (2015)

Syn.#33.38.1Copiapoa cinerea var. longistaminea (F.Ritter) Slaba in Kaktusy (Brno) 33 (Spec.): 3. 1997 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Copiapoa calderana subsp. longistaminea (F.Ritter) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 6: 15. 1998 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#33.39.1 Copiapoa longistaminea subsp. imperialis Piombetti in Xerophilia 4(3): 78. 2015. Sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#33.40.1 Copiapoa longistaminea subsp. longistaminea

Acc.#33.41.1 Copiapoa marginata (Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 86–87, f. 99. 1922. Sec. Larridon & al. (2015)

Syn.#33.41.1Echinocactus marginatus Salm-Dyck in Allg. Gartenzeitung 13: 386. 1845 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#33.41.2= Echinocactus columnaris Pfeiff., Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 2: t. 14. 1846 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#33.41.3= Echinocactus streptocaulon Hook. in Bot. Mag. 77: t. 4562. 1851 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Copiapoa streptocaulon (Hook.) Oosten in Succulenta (Netherlands) 22: 16. 1940 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#33.41.4= Echinocactus melanochnus J.F.Cels ex Labour., Monogr. Cact.: 174. 1853 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#33.42.1 Copiapoa marginata subsp. marginata

Acc.#33.43.1 Copiapoa marginata subsp. robustispina Doweld in Sukkulenty 4: 49. 2002 ["2001"]. Sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#33.44.1 Copiapoa megarhiza Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 89. 1922. Sec. Larridon & al. (2015)

Syn.#33.44.2= Copiapoa megarhiza var. microrhiza F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1081. 1980 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#33.44.3Copiapoa algarrobensis Katt. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 90: 103. 2018, nom. inval. syn. sec. Guerrero (2021)

Acc.#33.45.1 Copiapoa mollicula F.Ritter in Taxon 12: 30. 1963. Sec. Larridon & al. (2015)

Acc.#33.46.1 Copiapoa montana F.Ritter in Cactus (Paris) 66: 21. 1960. Sec. Larridon & al. (2015)

Syn.#33.46.1Copiapoa hypogaea var. montana (F.Ritter) G.J.Charles in Brit. Cact. Succ. J. 16: 15. 1998 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Copiapoa montana F.Ritter ex Doweld in Sukkulenty 4(1-2): 49. 2002 ["2001"] syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#33.46.2= Copiapoa olivana F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1088. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Copiapoa montana subsp. olivana (F.Ritter) Doweld in Sukkulenty 4: 49. 2002 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#33.46.3= Copiapoa rarissima F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1088. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#33.47.1 Copiapoa rupestris F.Ritter in Taxon 12: 31. 1963. Sec. Larridon & al. (2015)

Syn.#33.47.1Copiapoa desertorum var. rupestris (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 114. 1989 syn. sec. Tropicos

Acc.#33.48.1 Copiapoa ×scopa Doweld in Sukkulenty 4: 49. 2002 ["2001"]

Acc.#33.49.1 Copiapoa serpentisulcata F.Ritter in Cactus (Paris) 66: 22. 1960. Sec. Larridon & al. (2015)

Syn.#33.49.1Copiapoa serpentisulcata var. serpentisulcata

Syn.#33.49.2= Copiapoa serpentisulcata var. castanea F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1093. 1980 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#33.50.1 Copiapoa solaris (F.Ritter) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1047. 1980. Sec. Larridon & al. (2015)

Syn.#33.50.1Pilocopiapoa solaris F.Ritter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 12: 20. 1961 syn. sec. Larridon & al. (2015)

Syn.#33.50.2= Copiapoa ferox Lembcke & Backeb. in Backeberg, Cactaceae 3: 1922. 1959 syn. sec. Tropicos

Acc.#33.51.1 Copiapoa taltalensis (Werderm.) Looser in Revista Chilena Hist. Nat. 33: 614. 1929. Sec. Larridon & al. (2015)

Syn.#33.51.1Echinocactus taltalensis Werderm. in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 10(97): 763. 1929 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Copiapoa humilis var. taltalensis (Werderm.) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 118. 1989 syn. sec. Larridon & al. (2015) Copiapoa humilis subsp. taltalensis (Werderm.) Doweld in Sukkulenty 4: 49. 2002 Copiapoa taltalensis subsp. taltalensis syn. sec. Larridon & al. (2015)

Syn.#33.51.2= Copiapoa rubriflora F.Ritter in Taxon 12: 31. 1963 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Copiapoa desertorum var. rubriflora (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 114. 1989 Copiapoa rupestris subsp. rubriflora (F.Ritter) Doweld in Sukkulenty 4: 55. 2002 ["2001"]

Syn.#33.51.3= Copiapoa hornilloensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1060. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Copiapoa desertorum var. hornilloensis (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 114. 1989 Copiapoa rupestris subsp. hornilloensis (F.Ritter) Doweld in Sukkulenty 4: 55. 2002 ["2001"]

Acc.#34. Corryocactus Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 66. 1920. Sec. Hunt (2006) Type: Corryocactus brevistylus (K.Schum. ex Vaupel) Britton & Rose

Syn.#34.g1= Erdisia Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 104. 1920 syn. sec. Hunt (2006). Type: Erdisia squarrosa (Vaupel) Britton & Rose

Syn.#34.0.4= Eulychnocactus Backeb. in Möller's Deutsche Gärtn.-Zeitung 46: 207. 1931 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#34.0.5= Corryocereus Frič & Kreuz. in Kreuzinger, Verzeichnis Amer. Sukk. Rev. Syst. Kakteen: 19. 1935, nom. illeg. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#34.1.1 Corryocactus apiciflorus (Vaupel) Hutchison in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 9. 1963. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#34.1.1Cereus apiciflorus Vaupel in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50(2-3, Beibl. 111): 15–16. 1913 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Erdisia apiciflora (Vaupel) Werderm. in Kakteenkunde 1940: 6. 1940 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#34.1.2= Erdisia tenuicula Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 12. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Corryocactus tenuiculus (Backeb.) Hutchison in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 9. 1963 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Erdisia tenuicula Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 252. 1958 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) [non Erdisia tenuicula Backeb.]

Syn.#34.1.3= Erdisia fortalezensis F.Ritter in Taxon 13: 116. 1964 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#34.1.4= ?Corryocactus brachycladus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1289. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#34.1.5= Corryocactus huincoensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1288. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#34.1.6= Corryocactus matucanensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1287. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#34.1.7= ?Corryocactus megarhizus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1286. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#34.1.8= ?Corryocactus melaleucus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1289. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#34.1.9= Corryocactus pilispinus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1291. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#34.1.10= Corryocactus solitarius F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1289. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#34.1.11= Corryocactus erici-marae Cieza in Cact.-Avent. Int. 95: 2. 2012 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#34.2.1 Corryocactus aureus (Meyen) Hutchison in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 9. 1963. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#34.2.1Cactus aureus Meyen, Reise Eur. As. Afr. 1: 447. 1834 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Cereus aureus (Meyen) Meyen in Allg. Gartenzeitung 1: 211. 1833 syn. sec. Tropicos Echinocactus aureus (Meyen) Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 68. 1837 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cereus aureus (Meyen) K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 124. 1897 syn. sec. Tropicos Cleistocactus aureus (Meyen) F.A.C.Weber in Roland-Gosselin, Cleistocactus: 11. 1904 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#34.2.2= Erdisia meyenii Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 105. 1920 syn. sec. Tropicos Cereus meyenii (Britton & Rose) Werderm. in Backeberg, Neue Kakteen: 79. 1931 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#34.2.3= Corryocactus acervatus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1287. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#34.2.4= Corryocactus cuajonesensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1287. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#34.3.1 Corryocactus ayacuchoensis Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 246. 1958. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#34.3.2= Corryocactus ayacuchoensis var. leucacanthus Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 12. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#34.4.1 Corryocactus brachypetalus (Vaupel) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 67–68. 1920. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#34.4.1Cereus brachypetalus Vaupel in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50(2-3, Beibl. 111): 16–17. 1913 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#34.5.1 Corryocactus brevistylus (K.Schum. ex Vaupel) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 66–67, f. 99, 101. 1920. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#34.5.1Cereus brevistylus K.Schum. ex Vaupel in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50(2-3, Beibl. 111): 17–18. 1913 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#34.5.2= Corryocactus brevispinus Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 12. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#34.5.3= Corryocactus krausii Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 12. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#34.5.4= Corryocactus pachycladus Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 12. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#34.5.5= Corryocactus puquiensis Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 12. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Corryocactus brevistylus var. puquiensis (Rauh & Backeb.) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1279. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Corryocactus brevistylus subsp. puquiensis (Rauh & Backeb.) Ostolaza in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 6: 8. 1998 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#34.6.1 Corryocactus chachapoyensis (Ochoa & Backeb.) Ochoa & Backeb. ex D.R.Hunt in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 7: 32. 1999. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#34.6.1Cereus chachapoyensis Ochoa & Backeb. in Backeberg, Cactaceae 2: 859. 1959 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Corryocactus chachapoyensis Ochoa & Backeb. in Backeberg, Cactaceae 2: 859. 1959, comb. inval. syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#34.7.1 Corryocactus dillonii A.Pauca & Quip. in Arnaldoa 22: 315. 2015. Sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#34.8.1 Corryocactus erectus (Backeb.) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1281. 1981. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#34.8.1Erdisia erecta Backeb. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg.: Abb. 114, 2. 1942 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#34.8.2= Erdisia aureispina Backeb. & H.Jacobsen, Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 12. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#34.8.3= Bolivicereus pisacensis Knize in Biota 7: 252. 1969 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Borzicactus pisacensis (Knize) G.D.Rowley in Repert. Pl. Succ. 25: 5. 1976 ["1974"] syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#34.8.4= Bolivicereus soukupii Knize in Biota 7: 252. 1969 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Borzicactus soukupii (Knize) G.D.Rowley in Repert. Pl. Succ. 25: 6. 1976 ["1974"] syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#34.9.1 Corryocactus melanotrichus (K.Schum.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 68. 1920. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#34.9.1Cereus melanotrichus K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 71. 1897 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Erdisia melanotricha (K.Schum.) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 174. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#34.9.2= Corryocactus ayopayanus Cárdenas in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 7: 21. 1952 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#34.9.3= Corryocactus melanotrichus var. caulescens Cárdenas in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 7: 20. 1952 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#34.9.4= Corryocactus perezianus Cárdenas in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 7: 22. 1952 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#34.9.5= Corryocactus charazanensis Cárdenas in Cactus (Paris) 57: 247. 1957 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#34.9.6= Corryocactus odoratus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1285. 1981 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Acc.#34.10.1 Corryocactus pulquinensis Cárdenas in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 12: 84. 1957. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Acc.#34.11.1 Corryocactus serpens F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1285. 1981. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#34.12.1 Corryocactus squarrosus (Vaupel) Hutchison in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 9. 1963. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#34.12.1Cereus squarrosus Vaupel in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50(2-3, Beibl. 111): 21–22. 1913 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Erdisia squarrosa (Vaupel) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 104. 1920 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#34.12.2= Erdisia maxima Backeb., Stachlige Wildnis: 263. 1942 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) ≡ ?Corryocactus maximus (Backeb.) Hutchison in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 9. 1963 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#34.12.3= Corryocactus chavinilloensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1290. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#34.12.4= Corryocactus gracilis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1282. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#34.12.5= Corryocactus pyroporphyranthus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1284. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#34.12.6= Corryocactus quivillanus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1290. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#34.13.1 Corryocactus tarijensis Cárdenas in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 7: 23. 1952. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#34.13.1Corryocactus melanotrichus subsp. tarijensis (Cárdenas) R.Kiesling syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#34.13.2= Corryocactus otuyensis Cárdenas in Cactus (Paris) 78: 88. 1963 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Acc.#35. Coryphantha (Engelm.) Lem., Cactées: 32. 1868, nom. cons. Sec. Hunt (2006) Type: Coryphantha sulcata (Engelm.) Britton & Rose

Syn.#35.g1Mammillaria subg. Coryphanta Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 264. 1856 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#35.0.3= Glandulifera Frič in Ceskoslov. Zahradn. Listy 1924: 122. 1924, nom. illeg. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#35.0.4= Lepidocoryphantha Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1938(6): 22. 1938 syn. sec. Hunt (2006). Type: Lepidocoryphantha macromeris (Engelm.) Backeb.

Syn.#35.0.5= Escobrittonia Doweld in Sukkulenty 3(1-2): 17. 2000 syn. sec. Hunt (2006). Type: Escobrittonia gracilis (L.Bremer & A.B.Lau) Doweld

Notes. – Phylogenetics: Found as highly polyphyletic by Bárcenas & al. (2011), and as nested in Mammillaria. One core Coryphantha clade was resolved but only weakly supported as monophyletic (0.65 PP from Bayesian Inference). VázquezSánchez & al. (2013) likewise find Coryphantha as polyphyletic, but not nested in Mammillaria, however much fewer species were sampled therein. One maximally supported group was found that also contains Neolloydia matehualensis Backeb., while other Coryphantha species were found close to Echinomastus and Escobaria. Breslin et al. (2021) resolved three well-supported clades in the Mammilloid clade, these comprising Mammillaria s.s., Cochemiea and Coryphantha. Escobaria was nested within Coryphantha, although more taxon sampling is needed in the clade before completely understanding generic limits in the Coryphantha clade. Breslin et al. (2021) expanded Cochemiea to include Neolloydia, Ortegocactus and other species traditionally recognized as Mammillaria s.l. in that clade. See also notes under Mammillaria and Neollydia. [Majure (2021)]

Acc.#35.1.1 Coryphantha clavata (Scheidw.) Backeb. in Cactaceae (Berlin) 1941(2): 61. 1942. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.1.1Mammillaria clavata Scheidw. in Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 5: 494. 1838 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Neolloydia clavata (Scheidw.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 15–16, f. 14. 1923 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.1.2= Mammillaria raphidacantha Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 34. 1839 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocactus raphidacanthus (Lem.) Poselg. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 21(16): 126. 1853 syn. sec. Tropicos Echinocactus cornifer var. raphidacanthus (Lem.) Poselg. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 21: 102. 1853 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1923) Coryphantha raphidacantha (Lem.) Lem., Cactées: 34. 1868 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Cactus rhaphidacanthus (Lem.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#35.1.3= Mammillaria sulcoglandulifera Jacobi in Allg. Gartenzeitung 24: 92. 1856 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1923)

Syn.#35.1.4= Cactus brunneus J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 117. 1894 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1923)

Syn.#35.1.5= Cactus maculatus J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 117. 1894 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1923)

Syn.#35.1.6= Mammillaria radicantissima Quehl in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 22: 164. 1912 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Coryphantha clavata var. radicantissima (Quehl) Heinrich ex Backeb., Cactaceae 5: 2995. 1961 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.1.7= Coryphantha unicornis Boed. in Z. Sukkulentenk.: 205. 1928 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.2.1 Coryphantha clavata subsp. clavata. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.3.1 Coryphantha clavata subsp. stipitata (Scheidw.) Dicht & A.Lüthy in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 11: 12. 2001. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.3.1Mammillaria stipitata Scheidw. in Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 5: 495. 1838 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Mammillaria stipitata Scheidw. ex Labour., Monogr. Cact.: 128. 1853, nom. inval. syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.3.2= Mammillaria ancistracantha Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 36. 1839 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Coryphantha ancistracantha Lem., Cactées: 34. 1868 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Cactus ancistracanthus (Lem.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891 syn. sec. Tropicos Mammillaria raphidacantha var. ancistracantha (Lem.) K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 824. 1898 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Mammillaria rhaphidacantha f. ancistracantha (Lem.) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 243. 1907 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Coryphantha raphidacantha var. ancistracantha (Lem.) Y.Itô, Cacti, ed. 2: 116. 1952 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Coryphantha clavata var. ancistracantha (Lem.) Heinrich ex Backeb., Cactaceae 5: 2915. 1961 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.3.3= Mammillaria rhaphidacantha var. humilior Salm-Dyck ex C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk.: 244. 1846 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Mammillaria humilior C.F.Först. ex K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 824. 1898 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1923)

Acc.#35.4.1 Coryphantha compacta (Engelm.) Orcutt, Circular to Cactus Fanciers, p.i. 1922. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.4.1Mammillaria compacta Engelm., Mem. Tour N. Mexico: 105. 1848 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Cactus compactus (Engelm.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Coryphantha compacta (Engelm.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 36. 1923 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#35.4.2= Coryphantha palmeri Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 39. 1923 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.5.1 Coryphantha cornifera (DC.) Lem., Cactées: 35. 1868. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#35.5.1Mammillaria cornifera DC. in Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 112. 1828 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Cactus cornifer (DC.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Echinocactus cornifer (DC.) Poselg. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 21: 102. 1853 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cactus conifer (Haw.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891 syn. sec. TPL (2013) [is misspelling for Cactus cornifer (DC.) Kuntze]

Syn.#35.5.2= Mammillaria radians DC. in Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 111. 1828 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Cactus radians (DC.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Coryphantha radians (DC.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 36. 1923 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#35.5.3= Mammillaria impexicoma Lem., Cact. Aliq. Nov.: 5. 1838 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mammillaria cornifera var. impexicoma (Lem.) Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 20. 1850 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Coryphantha impexicoma Lem. ex C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 414. 1885 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mammillaria radians var. impexicoma (Lem.) Salm-Dyck ex K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 495. 1898 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mammillaria radians f. impexicoma (Lem.) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 240. 1907 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#35.5.4= Mammillaria radians var. globosa Scheidw. in Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 5: 494. 1838 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#35.5.5= Mammillaria pfeifferiana de Vriese in Tijdschr. Nat. Geschied. 6: 51, t. 1, f. 2. 1839 syn. sec. Tropicos Cactus pfeifferianus (Vriese) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#35.5.6= Mammillaria pfeifferiana var. altissima Scheidw. in Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 6: 93. 1839 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#35.5.7= Mammillaria pfeifferiana var. dichotoma Scheidw. in Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 6: 93. 1839 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#35.5.8= Mammillaria pfeifferiana var. flaviceps Scheidw. in Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 6: 93. 1839 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#35.5.9= Mammillaria pfeifferiana var. fulvispina Scheidw. in Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 6: 93. 1839 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#35.5.10= Mammillaria pfeifferiana var. variabilis Scheidw. in Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 6: 93. 1839 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#35.5.11= Mammillaria scolymoides Scheidw. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 9: 44. 1841 syn. sec. Tropicos Cactus scolymoides (Scheidw.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mammillaria radians var. scolymoides (Scheidw.) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 241. 1907 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mammillaria cornifera f. scolymoides (Scheidw.) Schelle, Kakteen: 290. 1926 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Coryphantha scolymoides (Scheidw.) A.Berger, Kakteen: 271. 1929 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Coryphantha cornifera var. scolymoides (Scheidw.) Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 292. 1937 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus cornifer var. scolymoides (Scheidw.) Poselg. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 21: 102. 1853 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1923)

Syn.#35.5.12= Mammillaria cornifera var. mutica Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1844: 20. 1845 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#35.5.13= Mammillaria daemonoceras Lem. ex C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk.: 251. 1846 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mammillaria daimonoceras Lem. ex Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 20, 131. 1850 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Coryphantha daimonoceras Lem., Cactées: 35. 1868 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1923) Mammillaria radians var. daimonoceras (Lem.) K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 496. 1898 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mammillaria radians f. daimonoceras (Lem.) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 241. 1907 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Coryphantha daimonoceras (Lem.) A.Berger, Kakteen: 339. 1929 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#35.5.14= Mammillaria scolymoides var. longiseta Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 132. 1850 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#35.5.15= Mammillaria scolymoides var. nigricans Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 132. 1850 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#35.5.16= Mammillaria scolymoides var. raphidacantha Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 132. 1850 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#35.5.17= Echinocactus cornifer var. impexicomus (Lem.) Poselg. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 21: 102. 1853 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1923) Coryphantha radians var. impexicoma (Lem. ex C.F.Först.) Backeb. & F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 370. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#35.5.18= Echinocactus cornifer var. longisetus Poselg. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 21: 102. 1853 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1923)

Syn.#35.5.19= Echinocactus cornifer var. muticus Poselg. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 21: 102. 1853 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1923)

Syn.#35.5.20= Echinocactus cornifer var. nigricans Poselg. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 21: 102. 1853 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1923)

Syn.#35.5.21= Echinocactus radicans Poselg. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 21: 107. 1853 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#35.5.22= Cactus radians var. pectinoides J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 144. 1894 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Coryphantha radians var. pectinoides (J.M.Coult.) Bravo in Cact. Suc. Mex. 27: 17. 1982 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#35.5.23= Mammillaria cornuta Hildm. ex Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 496. 1898 syn. sec. WFO 2019 Coryphantha cornuta (Hildm.) A.Berger, Kakteen: 339. 1929 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#35.5.24= Coryphantha bernalensis L.Bremer in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 56: 165. 1984 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#35.5.25= Coryphantha maliterrarum L.Bremer in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 56: 71. 1984 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#35.6.1 Coryphantha delaetiana (Quehl) A.Berger, Kakteen: 270, 339. 1929. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.6.1Mammillaria delaetiana Quehl in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 18: 59. 1908 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.6.2= Mammillaria gladiispina Boed. in Z. Sukkulentenk. 2(7): 120–121, unnumbered pl. 1925 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.6.3Coryphantha gladiispina (Boed.) A.Berger, Kakteen: 271. 1929 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.7.1 Coryphantha delicata L.Bremer in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 51(2): 76. 1979. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.7.2= Coryphantha panarottoi Halda & Horáček in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 6: 235. 1999 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.7.3= Coryphantha daemenoceras var. jaumavei Frič syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Coryphantha jaumavei (Frič) Frič in Život v Přír. 29(2): 14. 1925, nom. inval. syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.8.1 Coryphantha difficilis (Quehl) Orcutt in Cactography 3. 1926. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.8.1Mammillaria difficilis Quehl in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 18: 107. 1911 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.8.2= Coryphantha densispina Werderm. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 30: 57. 1932 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.9.1 Coryphantha durangensis (Runge ex K.Schum.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 42. 1923. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.9.1Mammillaria durangensis Runge ex K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 478. 1898 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.10.1 Coryphantha durangensis subsp. cuencamensis (L.Bremer) Dicht & A.Lüthy in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 11: 18. 2001. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.10.1Coryphantha cuencamensis L.Bremer in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 52(4): 183. 1980 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.11.1 Coryphantha durangensis subsp. durangensis. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.12.1 Coryphantha echinoidea (Quehl) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 30. 1923. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.12.1Mammillaria echinoidea Quehl in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 42. 1913 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.12.2= Coryphantha schwarziana Boed., Mammill.-Vergl.-Schluessel: 12. 1933 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.13.1 Coryphantha echinus (Engelm.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 42. 1923. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.13.1Mammillaria echinus Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 267. 1856 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Cactus echinus (Engelm.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Mammillaria radians var. echinus (Engelm.) K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 496. 1898 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mammillaria radians f. echinus (Engelm.) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 240. 1907 Coryphantha echinus (Engelm.) Orcutt, Circular to Cactus Fanciers, p.i. 1922 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Coryphantha radians var. echinus (Engelm.) Y.Itô, Cacti, ed. 2: 115. 1952 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Coryphantha cornifera var. echinus (Engelm.) L.D.Benson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 41: 189. 1969 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.13.2= Mammillaria pectinata Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 266–267. 1856 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Cactus pectinatus (Engelm.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 259. 1891 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Coryphantha pectinata (Engelm.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 34. 1923 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Coryphantha radians var. pectinata (Engelm.) Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 294. 1937 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Mammillaria pertinata Engelm. syn. sec. TPL (2013) [is misspelling for Mammillaria pectinata Engelm.]

Syn.#35.13.3= Coryphantha echinus var. robusta A.M.Powell, Cacti Trans-Pecos: 455. 2004 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#35.14.1 Coryphantha elephantidens (Lem.) Lem., Cactées: 35. 1868. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.14.1Mammillaria elephantidens Lem., Cact. Aliq. Nov.: 1. 1838 syn. sec. Tropicos Echinocactus elephantidens (Lem.) Poselg. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 21: 102. 1853 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cactus elephantidens (Lem.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.14.2= Mammillaria cornimamma N.E.Br. in Gard. Chron. III 1887(2): 186. 1887 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#35.14.3= Mammillaria elephantidens var. bumamma K.Schum., Keys Monogr. Cact.: 43. 1903 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#35.14.4= Coryphantha elephantidens var. barciae L.Bremer in Cact. Suc. Mex. 22: 65. 1977 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#35.15.1 Coryphantha elephantidens subsp. bumamma (Ehrenb.) Dicht & A.Lüthy in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 11: 14. 2001. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.15.1Mammillaria bumamma Ehrenb. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 17: 243. 1849 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Coryphantha bumamma (Ehrenb.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 33. 1923 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.16.1 Coryphantha elephantidens subsp. elephantidens. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.16.2= Mammillaria sulcolanata Lem., Cact. Aliq. Nov.: 2. 1838 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocactus sulcolanatus (Lem.) Poselg. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 21: 102. 1853 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Coryphantha sulcolanata (Lem.) Lem., Cactées: 35. 1868 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Cactus sulcolanatus (Lem.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#35.16.3= Mammillaria recurvispina de Vriese in Tijdschr. Nat. Geschied. 6: 53, t. 1, f. 3. 1839 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Cactus recurvispinus (de Vriese) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891 Coryphantha recurvispina (de Vriese) L.Bremer in Cact. Suc. Mex. 21: 12. 1976 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.16.4= Coryphantha garessii L.Bremer in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 52: 82. 1980 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.17.1 Coryphantha elephantidens subsp. greenwoodii (Bravo) Dicht & A.Lüthy in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 11: 14. 2001. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.17.1Coryphantha greenwoodii Bravo in Cact. Suc. Mex. 15: 27. 1970 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.18.1 Coryphantha erecta (Lem. ex Pfeiff.) Lem., Cactées: 34. 1868. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.18.1Mammillaria erecta Lem. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 5: 370. 1837 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Cactus erectus (Lem.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Glandulifera erecta (Lem. ex Pfeiff.) Frič in Ceskoslov. Zahradn. Listy 1924: 122. 1924 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#35.18.2= Mammillaria ceratocentra Bergman in Allg. Gartenzeitung 8: 130. 1840 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1923) Cactus ceratocentrus (Bergman) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1923)

Syn.#35.18.3= Mammillaria evanescens C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk.: 243. 1846 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1923)

Syn.#35.18.4= Echinocactus erectus Poselg. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 21: 126. 1853 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1923)

Acc.#35.19.1 Coryphantha georgii Boed. in Monatsschr. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 3: 163. 1931. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.19.2= Coryphantha villarensis Backeb., Stachlige Wildnis: 377. 1942 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.19.3= Coryphantha grata L.Bremer in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 53: 276. 1981 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.20.1 Coryphantha glanduligera (Otto & A.Dietr.) Lem., Cactées: 34. 1868. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.20.1Mammillaria glanduligera Otto & A.Dietr. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 16: 298. 1848 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Cactus glanduliger (Otto & A.Dietr.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.20.2= Echinocactus brevimammus Poselg. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 21: 102. 1853 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Coryphantha brevimamma (Zucc. ex Pfeiff.) Lem. ex C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 394. 1885 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cactus brevimamma (Zucc.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#35.20.3= Echinocactus glanduliger Poselg. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 21: 102. 1853 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#35.20.4= Coryphantha bergeriana Boed. in Monatsschr. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 1: 191. 1929 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#35.21.1 Coryphantha glassii Dicht & A.Lüthy in Kakteen And. Sukk. 51(1): 2. 2000. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.22.1 Coryphantha gracilis Bremer & A.B.Lau in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 49(2): 72. 1977. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.22.1Escobrittonia gracilis (L.Bremer & A.B.Lau) Doweld in Sukkulenty 3: 17. 2000 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.23.1 Coryphantha hintoniorum Dicht & A.Lüthy in Kakteen And. Sukk. 50: 13–17. 1999. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.24.1 Coryphantha hintoniorum subsp. geoffreyi Dicht & A.Lüthy in Kakteen And. Sukk. 54(2): 44. 2003. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.25.1 Coryphantha hintoniorum subsp. hintoniorum. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.26.1 Coryphantha jalpanensis Buchenau in Cact. Suc. Mex. 10: 38. 1965. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.27.1 Coryphantha kracikii Halda, Chalupa & Kupčák in Cactaceae etc. 12(1): 12–13. 2002. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#35.28.1 Coryphantha longicornis Boed. in Monatsschr. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 3: 249. 1931. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.28.2= Coryphantha grandis L.Bremer in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 50: 134. 1978 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.29.1 Coryphantha macromeris (Engelm.) Lem., Cactées: 35. 1868. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.29.1Mammillaria macromeris Engelm., Mem. Tour N. Mexico: 97. 1848 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Cactus macromeris (Engelm.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Lepidocoryphantha macromeris (Engelm.) Backeb. in Cactaceae (Berlin) 1941(2): 61. 1942 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.29.2= Mammillaria dactylithele Labour., Monogr. Cact.: 146. 1853 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1923)

Syn.#35.29.3= Mammillaria heteromorpha Scheer, Bot. Voy. Herald: 289. 1856 syn. sec. Tropicos Echinocactus heteromorphus (Scheer) Poselg. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 21: 126. 1853 syn. sec. Tropicos Cactus heteromorphus (Sheer) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#35.29.4= ?Coryphantha heteromorpha Lem., Cactées: 34. 1868 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1923) ≡ ?Coryphantha heterophylla Lem., Cactées: 34. 1868 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1923)

Syn.#35.29.5= Coryphantha pirtlei Werderm. in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 226. 1934 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.30.1 Coryphantha macromeris subsp. macromeris. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.31.1 Coryphantha macromeris subsp. runyonii (Britton & Rose) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 6: 15. 1998. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.31.1Coryphantha runyonii Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 26. 1923 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Neomammillaria runyonii Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 81, t. 10, f. 2. 1923 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Mammillaria runyonii (Britton & Rose) Cory in Rhodora 38(455): 407. 1936 syn. sec. Tropicos Mammillaria melanocentra var. runyonii (Britton & Rose) R.T.Craig, Mammill. Handb.: 65. 1945 Lepidocoryphantha runyonii (Britton & Rose) Backeb., Cactaceae 5: 2975. 1961 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Coryphantha macromeris var. runyonii (Britton & Rose) L.D.Benson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 41: 188. 1969 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Lepidocoryphantha macromeris subsp. runyonii (Britton & Rose) Doweld in Sukkulenty 2(1): 28. 1999 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.32.1 Coryphantha maiz-tablasensis Fritz Schwarz ex Backeb. in Blätt. Sukkulentenk. 1: 5. 1949. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.33.1 Coryphantha neglecta L.Bremer in Cact. Suc. Mex. 24(1): 3–4. 1979. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.34.1 Coryphantha nickelsiae (K.Brandegee) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 35. 1923. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.34.1Mammillaria nickelsiae K.Brandegee in Zoë 5(2): 31. 1900 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Coryphantha sulcata var. nickelsiae (K.Brandegee) L.D.Benson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 41: 188. 1969 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.34.2= Mammillaria calochlora Anon. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 26: 267. 1916 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Coryphantha calochlora Boed., Mammillarien-Vergleichs-Schluessel: 7. 1933 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.35.1 Coryphantha octacantha (DC.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 30–31. 1923. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.35.1Mammillaria octacantha DC. in Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 113. 1828 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Cactus octacanthus (DC.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#35.35.2= Mammillaria leucacantha DC. in Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 113. 1828 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.35.3= Mammillaria brevimamma Zucc. ex Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 34. 1837 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.35.4= Mammillaria curvata Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 15. 1837 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#35.35.5= Mammillaria exsudans Zucc., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 15. 1837 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Coryphantha exsudans (Zucc. ex Pfeiff.) Lem. ex C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 395. 1885 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Cactus exudans (Zucc.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Coryphantha exsudans (Zucc.) Lem. ex Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 31. 1923 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mammillaria brevimamma var. exsudans (Zucc. ex Pfeiff.) Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 19. 1850 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.35.6= Mammillaria macrothele Mart. ex Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 24. 1837 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocactus macrothele (Mart. ex Pfeiff.) Poselg. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 21: 125. 1853 syn. sec. Tropicos Cactus macrothele (Mart.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Coryphantha macrothele (Mart. ex Pfeiff.) Kümmler in Mitt. Arbeitskreises Mammillarienfr. 22: 109. 1998 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.35.7= Mammillaria plaschnickii Otto, Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 24. 1837 syn. sec. Tropicos Echinocactus plaschnickii Poselg. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 21: 125. 1853 syn. sec. Tropicos Cactus plaschnickii (Otto) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#35.35.8= Mammillaria aulacothele Lem., Cact. Aliq. Nov. 1: 8. 1838 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Coryphantha aulacothele (Lem.) Lem., Cactées: 34. 1868 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Cactus aulacothele (Lem.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#35.35.9= Mammillaria aulacothele var. sulcimamma H.Pfeiff. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 6: 274. 1838 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.35.10= Mammillaria biglandulosa Pfeiff. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 6: 274. 1838 syn. sec. Tropicos Mammillaria macrothele var. biglandulosa (Pfeiff.) Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 19. 1850 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocactus macrothele var. biglandulosus (Pfeiff.) Poselg. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 21: 125. 1853 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Cactus biglandulosus (Pfeiff.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#35.35.11= Mammillaria martiana Pfeiff. in Linnaea 12: 140. 1838 syn. sec. Tropicos Cactus martianus (Pfeiff.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#35.35.12= Mammillaria aulacothele var. multispina Scheidw. in Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 6: 92. 1839 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.35.13= Mammillaria aulacothele var. spinosior Monv. ex Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 93. 1839 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.35.14= Mammillaria thelocamptos Lehm. in Linnaea 13(Lit.): 101. 1839 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#35.35.15= Mammillaria clava Pfeiff. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 8: 282. 1840 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocactus clava (Pfeiff.) Poselg. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 21: 125. 1853 syn. sec. Tropicos Echinocactus clavus (Pfeiff.) Poselg. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 21(16): 125. 1853 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1923) Coryphantha clava (Pfeiff.) Lem., Cactées: 34. 1868 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Cactus clavus (Pfeiff.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Glandulifera clava (Pfeiff.) Frič in Ceskoslov. Zahradn. Listy 1924: 122. 1924 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#35.35.16= Mammillaria schlechtendalii Ehrenb. in Linnaea 14: 377. 1840 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Coryphantha schlechtendalii (Poselg.) Lem., Cactées: 34. 1868 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cactus schlechtendalii (Ehrenb.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus schlechtendalii Poselg. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 21: 125. 1853 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Coryphantha clava var. schlechtendalii (Poselg.) Heinrich ex Backeb., Cactaceae 5: 3040. 1961 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.35.17= Mammillaria aulacothele var. flavispina Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1844: 13. 1845 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.35.18= Mammillaria polymorpha Scheer ex Muehlenpf. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 14: 373. 1846 syn. sec. Tropicos Cactus polymorphus (Scheer) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#35.35.19= Mammillaria plaschnickii var. straminea Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 127. 1850 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.35.20= Mammillaria schlechtendalii var. laevior Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 19. 1850 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.35.21= Mammillaria sulcimamma Pfeiff. ex Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 19. 1850 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#35.35.22= Echinocactus glanduligerus Poselg. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 21: 102. 1853 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1923)

Syn.#35.35.23= Echinocactus macrothele var. lehmannii Poselg. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 21: 125. 1853 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1923)

Syn.#35.35.24= Coryphantha lehmannii Lem., Cactées: 34. 1868 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.36.1 Coryphantha ottonis (Pfeiff.) Lem., Cactées: 34. 1868. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.36.1Mammillaria ottonis Pfeiff. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 6: 274. 1838 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Cactus ottonis (Pfeiff.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891, nom. illeg. syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#35.36.2= Mammillaria asterias Cels ex Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 129. 1850 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Coryphantha asterias (Cels) Hübner in Kakteenfreund (Beil) 2: 8. 1933 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.36.3= Echinocactus ottonianus Poselg. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 21: 102. 1853 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Coryphantha ottonianus (Poselg.) Y.Itô, Cactaceae: 553. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#35.36.4= Mammillaria bussleri Mundt ex K.Schum. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 12: 47. 1902 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Coryphantha bussleri (Mundt) Scheinvar in Phytologia 49: 313. 1981 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.36.5= Mammillaria golziana F.Haage ex R.E.Kunze in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 19: 100. 1909 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1923)

Syn.#35.36.6= Mammillaria guerkeana Boed. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 24: 52. 1914 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Coryphantha guerkeana (Boed.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 29. 1923 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#35.37.1 Coryphantha pallida Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 40–41, f. 38. 1923. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.37.2= Mammillaria heteracantha Mart. ex Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 13. 1837 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1923)

Syn.#35.37.3= Mammillaria loricata Mart. ex Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 13. 1837 syn. sec. Tropicos Cactus loricatus (Mart.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#35.37.4= Coryphantha loricata Lem., Cactées: 35. 1868 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#35.37.5= Echinocactus loricatus Speg. in Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, ser. 3, 4: 502. 1905 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#35.38.1 Coryphantha pallida subsp. calipensis (Bravo ex S.Arias, Gama & U.Guzmán) Dicht & A.Lüthy in J. Mammillaria Soc. 40: 50. 2000. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#35.38.1Coryphantha calipensis Bravo ex S.Arias, Gama & U.Guzmán in Cact. Suc. Mex. 37(3): 72. 1992 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Coryphantha pycnacantha var. calipensis U.Guzmán, Fl. Valle Tehuacán-Cuicatlán 14: 12. 1997, nom. inval. syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Acc.#35.39.1 Coryphantha pallida subsp. pallida. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.39.2= Coryphantha reduncispina Boed. in Kakteenkunde 1933: 153. 1933 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#35.40.1 Coryphantha pallida subsp. pseudoradians (Bravo) U.Guzmán & Vázq.-Ben. in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 16. 2003. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.40.1Coryphantha pseudoradians Bravo in Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. Mexico 25: 528. 1954 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Coryphantha radians var. pseudoradians (Bravo) Bravo in Cact. Suc. Mex. 27: 17. 1982 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.41.1 Coryphantha poselgeriana (A.Dietr.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 28. 1923. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.41.1Echinocactus poselgerianus A.Dietr. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 19: 346. 1851 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.41.2= Mammillaria salm-dyckiana Scheer in Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., 1849: 134. 1850 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocactus salm-dyckianus (Scheer) Poselg. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 21: 102. 1853 syn. sec. Tropicos Cactus salmdyckianus (Scheer ex Salm-Dyck) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Coryphantha salmdyckiana (Scheer ex Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 39. 1923 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.41.3= Mammillaria salm-dyckiana var. brunnea Salm-Dyck in Allg. Gartenzeitung 18: 394. 1850 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Coryphantha salm-dyckiana var. brunnea (Salm-Dyck) G.Unger in Kakteen And. Sukk. 37: 86. 1986 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.41.4= Echinocactus saltillensis Glaz. in Cact. J. (London) 1: 100. 1898 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.41.5= Mammillaria valida F.A.C.Weber, Dict. Hort.: 806. 1898 syn. sec. Tropicos Neomammillaria melanocentra (F.A.C.Weber) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 81, f. 73. 1923 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#35.41.6= Mammillaria valida Purpus in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 21: 97. 1911 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Coryphantha poselgeriana var. valida (Purpus) Heinrich ex Backeb., Cactaceae 5: 3050. 1961 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Coryphantha valida (Purpus) L.Bremer in Cact. Suc. Mex. 22: 16. 1977 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.41.7= Mammillaria kieferiana Boed. in Z. Sukkulentenk.: 270. 1928 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Coryphantha kieferiana (Boed.) A.Berger, Kakteen: 339. 1929 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#35.42.1 Coryphantha potosiana (Jacobi) Glass & R.A.Foster in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 43: 7. 1971. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.42.1Mammillaria potosiana Jacobi in Allg. Gartenzeitung 24: 92. 1856 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Coryphantha potosiana (Jacobi) Glass & R.A.Foster ex Rowley in Repert. Pl. Succ. 21: 8. 1972 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.43.1 Coryphantha pseudoechinus Boed. in Monatsschr. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 1: 17. 1929. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.44.1 Coryphantha pseudoechinus subsp. laui (L.Bremer) Dicht & A.Lüthy in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 11: 20. 2001. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.44.1Coryphantha laui L.Bremer in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 51(6): 278. 1979 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.45.1 Coryphantha pseudoechinus subsp. pseudoechinus. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.45.2= Coryphantha pusilliflora L.Bremer in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 54: 133. 1982 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.46.1 Coryphantha pseudonickelsiae Backeb. in Blätt. Sukkulentenk. 1: 8. 1949. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.46.2= Coryphantha indensis L.Bremer in Cact. Suc. Mex. 22: 75. 1977 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.47.1 Coryphantha pulleineana (Backeb.) Glass in Cact. Suc. Mex. 13: 35. 1968. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.47.1Neolloydia pulleineana Backeb. in Spine 1: 108. 1948 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.48.1 Coryphantha pycnacantha (Mart.) Lem., Cactées: 35. 1868. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.48.1Mammillaria pycnacantha Mart. in Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 16(1): 325–326. 1832 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocactus pycnacanthus Poselg. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 21: 102. 1853 syn. sec. Tropicos Cactus pycnacanthus (Mart.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#35.48.2= Mammillaria latimamma DC. in Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 114. 1828 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cactus latimamma (DC.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#35.48.3= Mammillaria acanthostephes Lehm. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 3: 228. 1835 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus acanthostephes Poselg. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 21: 102. 1853 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Coryphantha acanthostephes Lem., Cactées: 35. 1868 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cactus acanthostephes (Lehm.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#35.48.4= Echinocactus radiatus Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 180. 1837 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#35.48.5= Mammillaria scepontocentra Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 43. 1839 syn. sec. Tropicos Cactus scepontocentrus (Lem.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#35.48.6= Mammillaria latimamma var. spinosior Monv. ex Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1844: 14. 1845 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.48.7= Mammillaria winkleri C.F.Först. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 15: 50. 1847 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cactus winkleri (C.F.Först.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#35.48.8= Echinocactus winkleri Poselg. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 21: 102. 1853 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#35.48.9= Mammillaria conimamma Linke in Allg. Gartenzeitung 25: 239. 1857 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Coryphantha conimamma (Linke) A.Berger, Kakteen: 272. 1929 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.48.10= Coryphantha connivens Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 34. 1923 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.48.11= Mammillaria andreae J.A.Purpus & Boed. in Z. Sukkulentenk. 3: 251. 1928 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Coryphantha andreae (J.A.Purpus & Boed.) A.Berger, Kakteen: 271. 1929 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.49.1 Coryphantha ramillosa Cutak in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 14(12): 164, f. 96. 1942. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.49.1Mammillaria ramillosa (Cutak) D.Weniger, Cacti Southw.: 119. 1970, nom. inval. syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.50.1 Coryphantha ramillosa subsp. ramillosa. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.51.1 Coryphantha ramillosa subsp. santarosa Dicht & A.Lüthy in Kakteen And. Sukk. 51(6): 141. 2000. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.52.1 Coryphantha recurvata (Engelm.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 27. 1923. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.52.1Mammillaria recurvata Engelm. in Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis 2: 202. 1863 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Cactus recurvatus (Engelm.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 259. 1891 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#35.52.2= Coryphantha engelmannii Lem., Cactées: 34. 1868 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cactus engelmannii (Lem.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#35.53.1 Coryphantha recurvata subsp. canatlanensis Dicht & A.Lüthy in Kakteen And. Sukk. 54(3): 57. 2003. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.54.1 Coryphantha recurvata subsp. recurvata. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.55.1 Coryphantha retusa (Pfeiff.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 38. 1923. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.55.1Mammillaria retusa Pfeiff. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 5: 369. 1837 syn. sec. Tropicos Cactus retusus (Pfeiff.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#35.55.2= Melocactus mammillariiformis Salm-Dyck in Allg. Gartenzeitung 4(19): 148. 1836 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.55.3= Melocactus cephalophora Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1844: 137. 1845 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#35.55.4= Coryphantha melleospina Bravo in Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. Mexico 25: 526. 1954 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Coryphantha retusa var. melleospina (Bravo) Bravo in Cact. Suc. Mex. 27: 17. 1982 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#35.55.5= Coryphantha retusa var. pallidispina Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3874. 1962 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.56.1 Coryphantha robustispina (Schott ex Engelm.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 33. 1923. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.56.1Mammillaria robustispina Schott ex Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 265–266. 1856 Cactus robustispinus (Schott ex Engelm.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891 Coryphantha muehlenpfordtii var. robustispina (Schott ex Engelm.) W.T.Marshall, Arizonas Cact., ed. 2: 94. 1953 Coryphantha scheeri var. robustispina (Schott ex Engelm.) L.D.Benson, Cacti Ariz., ed. 3: 25. 1969 Coryphantha muehlenpfordtii subsp. robustispina (Schott ex Engelm.) Dicht in Kakteen And. Sukk. 47: 252. 1996

Syn.#35.56.2= Echinocactus muehlenpfordtii Poselg. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 21: 102. 1853 syn. sec. Tropicos Coryphantha muehlenpfordtii (Poselg.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 28. 1923 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.57.1 Coryphantha robustispina subsp. robustispina. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.58.1 Coryphantha robustispina subsp. scheeri (Lem.) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 6: 18. 1998. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.58.1Coryphantha scheeri Lem., Cactées: 35. 1868 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.58.2= Mammillaria scheeri Muehlenpf. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 13: 346. 1845 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Cactus scheeri (Muehlenpf.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#35.58.3= Mammillaria scheeri var. valida Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 265. 1856 syn. sec. Tropicos Coryphantha scheeri var. valida (Engelm.) L.D.Benson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 41: 234. 1969 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#35.58.4= Mammillaria engelmannii Cory in Rhodora 38(455): 405. 1936 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.58.5= Coryphantha neoscheeri Backeb., Cactaceae 5: 3051. 1961 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.58.6= Coryphantha scheeri L.D.Benson, Cacti Ariz., ed. 3: 25. 1969 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#35.58.7= Coryphantha scheeri var. uncinata L.D.Benson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 41: 234. 1969 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Coryphantha muehlenpfordtii subsp. uncinata (L.D.Benson) Dicht in Kakteen And. Sukk. 47: 98. 1996 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Coryphantha robustispina subsp. uncinata (L.D.Benson) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 6: 18. 1998 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#35.59.1 Coryphantha salinensis (Poselg.) Dicht & A.Lüthy in Kakteen And. Sukk. 49: 257. 1998. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.59.1Echinocactus salinensis Poselg. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 21: 106. 1853 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Coryphantha poselgeriana var. salinensis (Poselg.) L.Bremer in Cact. Suc. Mex. 22: 16. 1977 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.59.2= Mammillaria borwigii J.A.Purpus in Gartenflora 76: 338. 1927 syn. sec. Tropicos Coryphantha borwigii (J.A.Purpus) A.Berger, Kakteen: 272. 1929 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.60.1 Coryphantha sulcata (Engelm.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 48. 1923. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.60.1Mammillaria sulcata Engelm. in Boston J. Nat. Hist. 5(2): 246. 1845 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Cactus scolymoides var. sulcatus (Engelm.) J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 116. 1894 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Mammillaria radians var. sulcata (Engelm.) K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 496. 1898 syn. sec. Tropicos Cactus sulcatus (Engelm.) Small, Fl. S.E. U.S.: 812. 1903 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Mammillaria radians f. sulcata (Engelm.) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 241. 1907 Coryphantha radians var. sulcata (Engelm.) Y.Itô, Cacti, ed. 2: 115. 1952 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Coryphantha sulcata var. sulcata

Syn.#35.60.2= Mammillaria calcarata Engelm. in Boston J. Nat. Hist. 6: 195. 1850 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Coryphantha calcarata (Engelm.) Lem., Cactées: 35. 1868 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Cactus calcaratus (Engelm.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 259. 1891 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.60.3= Cactus kotschubeyi Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#35.60.4= Mammillaria ramosissima Quehl in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 18: 127. 1908 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#35.60.5= Coryphantha roederiana Boed. in Monatsschr. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 1: 153. 1929 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.60.6= Coryphantha obscura Boed. in Monatsschr. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 2: 25. 1930 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.60.7= Coryphantha speciosa Boed. in Monatsschr. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 2: 23. 1930 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.61.1 Coryphantha tripugionacantha A.B.Lau in Cact. Suc. Mex. 33: 21. 1988. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.62.1 Coryphantha vaupeliana Boed. in Z. Sukkulentenk. 3(10): 206–208. 1928 ["1927"]. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.63.1 Coryphantha vogtherriana Werderm. & Boed. in Monatsschr. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 4: 32. 1932. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.64.1 Coryphantha werdermannii Boed. in Monatsschr. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 1: 155. 1929. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#35.64.2= Coryphantha werdermannii subsp. unguispina Halda, Kupčák & Sladk. in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 7: 34. 2000 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#35.65.1 Coryphantha wohlschlageri Holzeis in Kakteen And. Sukk. 41(3): 50–52. 1990. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#36. Cremnocereus M.Lowry, Winberg & Gut.Romero in Bradleya 35: 254. 2017. Sec. Lowry & Winberg (2017) Type: Cremnocereus albipilosus M.Lowry & Winberg

Notes. – Monotypic, only recently described genus of columnar cacti from the Montane Dry Forest of Bolivia. So far, it has not been sampled in any published phylogenetic analysis; unpublished sequence data of Schlumpberger & al. confirm that it is indeed a separate lineage. [Schlumpberger (2021)]

Acc.#36.1.1 Cremnocereus albipilosus M.Lowry & Winberg in Bradleya 35: 254. 2017. Sec. Lowry & Winberg (2017)

Acc.#37. Cumarinia (F.M.Knuth) Buxb. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 98: 61. 1951. Sec. Breslin & al. (2021) Type: Cumarinia odorata (Boed.) Buxb.

Notes. – Monotypic; segregated from Coryphantha based on the results of Vázquez-Sánchez & al. (2013), shown to be sister to the Mammilloid clade by Breslin & al. (2021). [Majure (2021)]

Acc.#37.1.1 Cumarinia odorata (Boed.) Buxb. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 98: 87. 1951. Sec. Breslin & al. (2021)

Syn.#37.1.1Coryphantha odorata Boed. in Monatsschr. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 2: 169. 1930 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Neobesseya odorata (Boed.) Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 303. 1937 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neolloydia odorata (Boed.) Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1937(3): 4. 1937 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Neolloydia odonta (Boed.) Backeb., nom. inval. syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Acc.#38. Cumulopuntia F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 399. 1980. Sec. Hunt (2016) Type: Cumulopuntia ignescens (Vaupel) F.Ritter

Syn.#38.g1= Sphaeropuntia Guiggi in Cactology 3 (Suppl. II): 1. 2012 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Notes. – Phylogenetics: Griffith & Porter (2009) found no support for a monophyletic Cumulopuntia, but it was also not contradicted. Cumulopuntia was then confirmed as monophyletic by Ritz & al. (2012). Cumulopuntia falls in two clades in the molecular phylogeny, one consisting of C. sphaerica (C. F. Först.) E. F. Anderson and related taxa from the W Andean slopes of Chile and Peru, characterized by forming dwarf shrubs with easily detachable stem segments, and another consisting of Cumulopuntia s.str., characterized by growth in often dense cushions, with firmly attached stem segments (Griffith & Porter 2009; Ritz & al. 2012). For the C. sphaerica clade, the generic name Sphaeropuntia was recently published, but its circumscription is not yet fully resolved, and it this thus better treated as synonym for the time being. [Hernández-Ledesma & al. (2015)]

Acc.#38.1.1 Cumulopuntia boliviana (Salm-Dyck) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 492. 1980. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#38.1.1Opuntia boliviana Salm-Dyck in Allg. Gartenzeitung 13: 388. 1845 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Tephrocactus bolivianus (SalmDyck) Kreuz., Verzeichnis Amer. Sukk. Rev. Syst. Kakteen: 41. 1935 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Maihueniopsis bolivianum (Salm-Dyck) R.Kiesling in Darwiniana 25(1–4): 207–209, f. 12. 1984 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Austrocylindropuntia boliviana (Salm-Dyck) G.D.Rowley in Tephrocactus Study Group 12(3): 42. 2006 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#38.1.2= Opuntia cucumiformis Griffiths in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 43: 524. 1916 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#38.1.3= Tephrocactus rarissimus Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 108, 410. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Opuntia rarissima (Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13: 6. 1958 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#38.1.4= Tephrocactus wilkeanus Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 108, 410. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Opuntia wilkeana (Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13: 6. 1958 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#38.1.5= Tephrocactus minor Backeb. in Cactus (Paris) 38: 250. 1953 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#38.1.6= Tephrocactus pentlandii var. fuauxianus Backeb. in Cactus (Paris) 38: 250. 1953 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Opuntia pentlandii var. fuauxiana (Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13: 6. 1958 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Opuntia rossiana var. fuauxiana (Backeb.) Kiessling, Tephrocactus u. and. Feigenkakt.: 244. 2000 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#38.1.7= Tephrocactus asplundii Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 9. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Opuntia asplundii (Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13: 5. 1958 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#38.1.8= Tephrocactus pyrrhacanthus var. leucoluteus Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 9. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Opuntia pyrrhacantha var. leucolutea (Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13: 6. 1958 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#38.1.9= Tephrocactus microclados Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3599. 1962 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#38.1.10= Tephrocactus catacanthus Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 14. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#38.1.11= Tephrocactus curvispinus Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 14. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#38.1.12= Tephrocactus flexispinus Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 14. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#38.1.13= Tephrocactus melanacanthus Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 15. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#38.1.14= Tephrocactus pentlandii var. adpressus Backeb., Kakteenlex.: 427. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#38.1.15= Tephrocactus virgultus Backeb., Kakteenlex.: 430. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#38.1.16= Cumulopuntia famatinensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 400. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#38.1.17= Cumulopuntia pampana F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 402. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#38.2.1 Cumulopuntia boliviana subsp. boliviana. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#38.2.2= Opuntia pentlandii Salm-Dyck in Allg. Gartenzeitung 13: 387. 1845 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Tephrocactus pentlandii (SalmDyck) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 108. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Cumulopuntia pentlandii (Salm-Dyck) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 488. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Maihueniopsis pentlandii (Salm-Dyck) R.Kiesling in Darwiniana 25(1–4): 311. 1984 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#38.2.3= Opuntia pyrrhacantha K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 694. 1898 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Tephrocactus pyrrhacanthus (K.Schum.) Backeb., Cactaceae 1: 236. 1958 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Cumulopuntia pyrrhacantha (K.Schum.) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1249. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#38.2.4= Opuntia subinermis Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1935(8): 6. 1935 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Tephrocactus subinermis Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 108, 410. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#38.2.5= Tephrocactus fulvicomus var. bicolor Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 9. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Tephrocactus bicolor (Rauh & Backeb.) Rauh in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 1958: 223. 1958 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Opuntia fulvicoma var. bicolor (Rauh & Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13(1): 5. 1958 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#38.2.6= Opuntia backebergii G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13(1): 5. 1958 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#38.2.7= Tephrocactus fulvicomus Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 220. 1958 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Opuntia fulvicoma (Rauh & Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13(1): 5. 1958 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Cumulopuntia fulvicoma (Rauh & Backeb.) E.F.Anderson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 71: 324. 1999 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#38.2.8= Cumulopuntia galerasensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1249. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Opuntia galerasensis (F.Ritter) D.R.Hunt in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 4: 5. 1997 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#38.2.9Cactus pentlandii Lem., Cactées: 88. 1868, nom. nud. syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Acc.#38.3.1 Cumulopuntia boliviana subsp. dactylifera (Vaupel) D.R.Hunt in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 14: 12. 2002. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#38.3.1Opuntia dactylifera Vaupel in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50(2-3, Beibl. 111): 29. 1913 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Tephrocactus dactyliferus (Vaupel) Backeb., Cactaceae 1: 320. 1958 syn. sec. Tropicos Cumulopuntia pentlandii var. dactylifera (Vaupel) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 490. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Cumulopuntia dactylifera (Vaupel) E.F.Anderson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 71: 324. 1999 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Tephrocactus dactylifer (Vaupel) Backeb., Cactaceae 1: 320. 1958 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) [is orthographic variant for Tephrocactus dactyliferus (Vaupel) Backeb.]

Syn.#38.3.2= Tephrocactus cylindrarticulatus Cárdenas in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 7: 75. 1952 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Opuntia cylindrarticulata (Cárdenas) G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13(1): 5. 1958 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#38.3.3= Tephrocactus duvalioides Backeb. in Cactus (Paris) 38: 250. 1953 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Opuntia duvalioides (Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13: 5. 1958 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#38.3.4= Tephrocactus duvalioides var. albispinus Backeb. in Cactus (Paris) 38: 250. 1953 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Opuntia duvalioides var. albispina (Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13: 5. 1958 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#38.3.5= Tephrocactus noodtiae Backeb. & H.Jacobsen, Descr. Cact. Nov.: 8. 1957 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Opuntia noodtiae (Backeb. & H.Jacobsen) G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13(1): 5. 1958 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#38.4.1 Cumulopuntia boliviana subsp. echinacea (F.Ritter) D.R.Hunt in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 14: 12. 2002. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#38.4.1Tephrocactus echinaceus F.Ritter in Taxon 13: 145. 1964 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Cumulopuntia echinacea (F.Ritter) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 884. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Opuntia echinacea (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 248. 1989 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Maihueniopsis boliviana subsp. echinacea (F.Ritter) Faúndez & R.Kiesling in Darwiniana 45: 237. 2007

Acc.#38.5.1 Cumulopuntia boliviana subsp. ignescens (Vaupel) D.R.Hunt in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 14: 12. 2002. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#38.5.1Opuntia ignescens Vaupel in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50(2-3, Beibl. 111): 30. 1913 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Tephrocactus ignescens (Vaupel) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 108. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Cumulopuntia ignescens (Vaupel) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 880. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Maihueniopsis boliviana subsp. ignescens (Vaupel) Faúndez & R.Kiesling in Darwiniana 45: 237. 2007 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#38.5.2= Tephrocactus longiarticulatus Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 15. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#38.5.3= Cumulopuntia frigida F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 493. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Opuntia frigida (F.Ritter) G.Navarro in Lazaroa 17: 66. 1996 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#38.5.4= Cumulopuntia hystrix F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 883. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#38.5.5= Cumulopuntia ticnamarensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 885. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Opuntia ticnamarensis (F.Ritter) D.R.Hunt in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 4: 6. 1997 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#38.5.6= Cumulopuntia tortispina F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 882. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#38.5.7= Opuntia guatiensis D.R.Hunt in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 4: 5. 1997 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#38.5.8= Opuntia guatinensis D.R.Hunt in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 4: 5. 1997 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#38.5.9= Opuntia sanctae-barbarae D.R.Hunt in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 4: 6. 1997 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#38.5.10= Tephrocactus ignescens var. steinianus Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 9. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#38.6.1 Cumulopuntia chichensis (Cárdenas) E.F.Anderson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 71(6): 324. 1999. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#38.6.1Tephrocactus chichensis Cárdenas in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 7: 75. 1952 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Opuntia chichensis (Cárdenas) G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13(1): 5. 1958 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Austrocylindropuntia chichensis (Cárdenas) G.D.Rowley in Tephrocactus Study Group 12(3): 42. 2006 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#38.6.2= Tephrocactus chichensis var. colchanus Cárdenas in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 7: 75. 1952 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Opuntia chichensis var. colchana (Cárdenas) G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13: 5. 1958 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Cumulopuntia pentlandii var. colchana (Cárdenas) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 491. 1980

Syn.#38.6.3= Tephrocactus ferocior Backeb. in Cactus (Paris) 38: 250. 1953 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Opuntia ferocior (Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13: 5. 1958 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#38.6.4= Tephrocactus albiscoparius Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3599. 1962 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Acc.#38.7.1 Cumulopuntia corotilla (K.Schum. ex Vaupel) E.F.Anderson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 71(6): 324. 1999. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#38.7.1Opuntia corotilla K.Schum. ex Vaupel in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50(2-3, Beibl. 111): 28. 1913 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Tephrocactus corotilla (K.Schum. ex Vaupel) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 112. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#38.7.2= Tephrocactus mistiensis Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 110, 410. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Opuntia mistiensis (Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13(1): 5. 1958 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Cumulopuntia mistiensis (Backeb.) E.F.Anderson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 71: 324. 1999 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#38.7.3= Tephrocactus corotilla var. aurantiaciflorus Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 225. 1958 syn. sec. Tropicos Opuntia corotilla var. aurantiaciflora (Rauh & Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13(1): 5. 1958 syn. sec. Tropicos

Acc.#38.8.1 Cumulopuntia glomerata (Pfeiff.) Hoxey in Bradleya 2020(38): 118. 2020. Sec. Hoxey (2020)

Syn.#38.8.1Pereskia glomerata Pfeiff., Observ. Bot. 1: 452. 1834 syn. sec. Hoxey (2020)

Acc.#38.9.1 Cumulopuntia ignota (Britton & Rose) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1250. 1981. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#38.9.1Opuntia ignota Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 1: 99. 1919 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Tephrocactus ignotus (Britton & Rose) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 111. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#38.10.1 Cumulopuntia iturbicola G.J.Charles in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 25: 12. 2011. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#38.11.1 Cumulopuntia leucophaea (Phil.) Hoxey in Tephrocactus Study Group 15(4): 57. 2009. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#38.11.1Opuntia leucophaea Phil. in Anales Mus. Nac. Santiago de Chile 1891: 27. 1891 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Sphaeropuntia sphaerica subsp. leucophaea (Phil.) Guiggi in Cactology 3 (Suppl. II): 1. 2012

Syn.#38.11.2= ?Opuntia rahmeri Phil. in Anales Mus. Nac., Santiago de Chile 1: 27. 1891 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) ≡ ?Maihueniopsis rahmeri (Phil.) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 874. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#38.12.1 Cumulopuntia rossiana (Heinrich & Backeb.) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 486. 1980. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#38.12.1Tephrocactus pentlandii var. rossianus Heinrich & Backeb. in Cactus (Paris) 38: 250. 1953 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Opuntia pentlandii var. rossiana (Heinrich & Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13: 6. 1958 Opuntia rossiana (Heinrich & Backeb.) D.R.Hunt in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 4: 6. 1997 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Austrocylindropuntia rossiana (Heinrich & Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Tephrocactus Study Group 12(3): 42. 2006 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Tephrocactus pentlandii var. rossiana Heinrich & Backeb. in Cactus (Paris) 38: 250. 1953 syn. sec. TPL (2013) [is orthographic variant for Tephrocactus pentlandii var. rossianus Heinrich & Backeb.]

Acc.#38.13.1 Cumulopuntia sphaerica (C.F.Först.) E.F.Anderson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 71(6): 324. 1999. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#38.13.1Opuntia sphaerica C.F.Först. in Hamburger Garten- Blumenzeitung 17: 167. 1861 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Tephrocactus sphaericus (C.F.Först.) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 111. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Austrocylindropuntia sphaerica (C.F.Först.) G.D.Rowley in Tephrocactus Study Group 12(3): 42. 2006 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Sphaeropuntia sphaerica (C.F.Först.) Guiggi in Cactology 3 (Suppl. II): 1. 2012 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#38.13.2= Tephrocactus sphaericus var. glaucinus Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 15. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#38.13.3= Tephrocactus multiareolatus F.Ritter in Taxon 13(4): 144–145. 1964 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Cumulopuntia multiareolata (F.Ritter) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1252. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#38.13.4= Cumulopuntia tubercularis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 888. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#38.13.5= Cumulopuntia tubercularis var. transiens F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 888. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#38.13.6= Cumulopuntia tumida F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1254. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Opuntia tumida (F.Ritter) D.R.Hunt in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 4: 6. 1997 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Sphaeropuntia sphaerica subsp. tumida (F.Ritter) Guiggi in Cactology 5 (Suppl. II): 2. 2016 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#38.13.7Opuntia staffordiae Bullock in Cact. J. (London) 8: 15. 1939, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Tephrocactus staffordiae (Bullock) Backeb. in Cactus (Paris) 38: 250. 1953, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#38.13.8= Opuntia dimorpha C.F.Först. in Hamburger Garten- Blumenzeitung 17: 167. 1861 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1919) Tephrocactus dimorphus (C.F.Först.) Backeb., Stachlige Wildnis: 190. 1942 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#38.13.9= Opuntia leonina F.Haage & M.Schmidt ex Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 974. 1885 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Tephrocactus leoninus (F.Haage & E.Schmidt ex Rümpler) Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3596. 1962 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#38.13.10= Opuntia rauppiana K.Schum. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 9: 118. 1899 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Tephrocactus rauppianus (K.Schum.) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 109. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Opuntia sphaerica var. rauppiana (K.Schum.) G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13(2): 25. 1958 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Tephrocactus sphaericus var. rauppianus (K.Schum.) Backeb., Cactaceae 1: 298. 1958 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cumulopuntia rauppiana (K.Schum.) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1252. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#38.13.11= Opuntia campestris Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 1: 99, f. 120. 1919 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Tephrocactus campestris (Britton & Rose) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 111. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#38.13.12= Opuntia kuehnrichiana Werderm. & Backeb., Neue Kakteen: 64. 1931 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Tephrocactus kuehnirichianus (Werderm. & Backeb.) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 106. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Tephrocactus kuehnrichianus (Werderm. & Backeb.) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 110. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cumulopuntia kuehnrichiana (Werderm. & Backeb.) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1253. 1981, nom. inval. syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#38.13.13= Opuntia kuehnrichiana var. applanata Werderm. & Backeb., Neue Kakteen: 64. 1931 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Tephrocactus kuehnrichianus var. applanatus (Werderm. & Backeb.) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 111. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#38.13.14= Tephrocactus pseudorauppianus Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 410. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Opuntia dimorpha var. pseudorauppiana (Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13: 25. 1958 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Tephrocactus dimorphus var. pseudorauppianus (Backeb.) Backeb., Cactaceae 1: 301. 1958 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#38.13.15=Opuntia unguispina Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1937(7): 7, genus 10, subg. V, sp. 7. 1937 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Tephrocactus unguispinus (Backeb.) Backeb. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 23: 15. 1951 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Opuntia sphaerica var. unguispina (Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13(2): 25. 1958 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Tephrocactus sphaericus var. unguispinus (Backeb.) Backeb., Cactaceae 1: 297. 1958 Cumulopuntia unguispina F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1251. 1981, nom. inval. syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#38.13.16= Tephrocactus muellerianus Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 8. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Opuntia muelleriana (Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13: 6. 1958 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#38.13.17= Opuntia mira (Rauh & Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13(1): 5. 1958 syn. sec. IPNI Tephrocactus mirus Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 199. 1958 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#38.13.18= Tephrocactus crassicylindricus Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 200. 1958 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Opuntia crassicylindrica (Rauh & Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13(1): 5. 1958 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Cumulopuntia crassicylindrica (Rauh & Backeb.) F.Ritter ex Eggli in Novon 15: 277. 2005 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Sphaeropuntia sphaerica subsp. crassicylindrica (Rauh & Backeb.) Guiggi in Cactology 5 (Suppl. II): 2. 2016 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Cumulopuntia crassicylindrica (Rauh & Backeb.) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1254. 1981, nom. inval. syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#38.13.19= Tephrocactus alboareolatus F.Ritter in Backeberg, Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 14. 1963 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Cumulopuntia alboareolata (F.Ritter) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1249. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#38.14.1 Cumulopuntia subterranea (R.E.Fr.) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 401. 1980. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#38.14.1Opuntia subterranea R.E.Fr. in Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal. ser. 4, 1(1): 122. 1905 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Pseudotephrocactus subterraneus Kreuz., Verzeichnis Amer. Sukk. Rev. Syst. Kakteen: 40. 1935 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Tephrocactus subterraneus (R.E.Fr.) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 110. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Maihueniopsis subterranea (R.E.Fr.) E.F.Anderson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 71(6): 325. 1999 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Puna subterranea (R.E.Fr.) R.Kiesling in Hickenia 1: 293. 1982 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#38.14.2= Pseudotephrocactus subterraneus var. brevispinus Kreuz., Verzeichnis Amer. Sukk. Rev. Syst. Kakteen: 40. 1935 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#38.14.3= Pseudotephrocactus subterraneus var. inermis Kreuz., Verzeichnis Amer. Sukk. Rev. Syst. Kakteen: 40. 1935 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#38.14.4= Tephrocactus variiflorus Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3594. 1962 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#38.15.1 Cumulopuntia subterranea subsp. pulcherrima (Halda & Horáček) G.J.Charles in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 25: 16. 2011. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#38.15.1Tephrocactus pulcherrimus Halda & Horáček in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 7(2): 75. 2000 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Maihueniopsis subterranea subsp. pulcherrima (Halda & Horáček) M.Lowry in Tephrocactus Study Group 10: 55. 2004

Acc.#38.16.1 Cumulopuntia subterranea subsp. subterranea. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#38.17.1 Cumulopuntia zehnderi (Rauh & Backeb.) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1249. 1981. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#38.17.1Tephrocactus zehnderi Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 9. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Opuntia zehnderi (Rauh & Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13: 6. 1958 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Sphaeropuntia zehnderi (Rauh & Backeb.) Guiggi in Cactology 3 (Suppl. II): 1. 2012 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Acc.#39. Cylindropuntia (Engelm.) F.M.Knuth, Nye Kaktusbog: 102. 1930. Sec. Majure & al. (2019) Type: Cylindropuntia arborescens (Engelm.) F.M.Knuth

Syn.#39.g1Opuntia subg. Cylindropuntia Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 302. 1856

Notes. – Griffith & Porter (2009) found no support for a monophyletic Cylindropuntia based on combined nuclear and plastid markers, while Bárcenas & al. (2011, 2015) found a monophyletic Cylindropuntia with high to maximal support based on plastid data only. Majure et al. (2019) showed that Cylindropuntia was indeed monophyletic and sister to Grusonia s.l., and Micropuntia was sister to the Grusonia + Cylindropuntia clade. See also under Grusonia and Micropuntia. [Majure (2021)]

Acc.#39.1.1 Cylindropuntia abyssi (Hester) Backeb., Cactaceae 1: 184. 1958. Sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003)

Syn.#39.1.1Opuntia abyssi Hester in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 15(12): 193–194. 1943 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Grusonia abyssi (Hester) G.D.Rowley in Tephrocactus Study Group 12(3): 43. 2006 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#39.2.1 Cylindropuntia acanthocarpa (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 124. 1936 ["1935"]. Sec. Hernández & al. (2014)

Syn.#39.2.1Opuntia acanthocarpa Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 308. 1856 syn. sec. Hernández & al. (2014) Grusonia acanthocarpa (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) G.D.Rowley in Tephrocactus Study Group 12(3): 43. 2006 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#39.3.1 Cylindropuntia acanthocarpa subsp. acanthocarpa. Sec. Baker & al. (2019)

Syn.#39.3.2= Opuntia echinocarpa var. major Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 305–306. 1856 syn. sec. Baker & al. (2019) Opuntia acanthocarpa var. major (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) L.D.Benson, Cacti Ariz., ed. 3: 20. 1969 syn. sec. Baker & al. (2019) Cylindropuntia acanthocarpa var. major (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) Pinkava in J. Arizona-Nevada Acad. Sci. 32: 42. 1999 syn. sec. Baker & al. (2019) Cylindropuntia acanthocarpa subsp. major (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) U.Guzmán in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 16. 2003 syn. sec. Baker & al. (2019)

Syn.#39.3.3= Opuntia acanthocarpa var. coloradensis L.D.Benson, Cacti Ariz., ed. 3: 20, 34, f. 1.4–1.6. 1969 syn. sec. Baker & al. (2019) Cylindropuntia acanthocarpa var. coloradensis (L.D.Benson) Pinkava in J. Arizona-Nevada Acad. Sci. 32: 42. 1999 syn. sec. Baker & al. (2019) Cylindropuntia acanthocarpa subsp. coloradensis (L.D.Benson) U.Guzmán in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 16. 2003 syn. sec. Baker & al. (2019)

Syn.#39.3.4= Opuntia echinocarpa var. robustior J.M.Coult. syn. sec. Baker & al. (2019)

Acc.#39.4.1 Cylindropuntia acanthocarpa subsp. ramosa (Peebles) M.A.Baker & Cloud-H. in Madroño 66: 93. 2019. Sec. Baker & al. (2019)

Syn.#39.4.1Opuntia acanthocarpa var. ramosa Peebles in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 9: 37. 1937 syn. sec. Baker & al. (2019) Cylindropuntia acanthocarpa var. ramosa (Peebles) Backeb., Cactaceae 1: 181. 1958 syn. sec. Baker & al. (2019)

Acc.#39.5.1 Cylindropuntia acanthocarpa subsp. thornberi (Thornber & Bonker) Lodé in Cact.-Avent. Int. 98(Suppl.): 3. 2013. Sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Syn.#39.5.1Opuntia thornberi Thornber & Bonker, Fantast. Clan: 133, 148, f. p. 135. 1932 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Opuntia acanthocarpa var. thornberi (Thornber & Bonker) L.D.Benson in Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4, 25(2): 247. 1944 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Cylindropuntia acanthocarpa var. thornberi (Thornber & Bonker) Backeb., Cactaceae 1: 184. 1958 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003)

Acc.#39.6.1 Cylindropuntia alcahes (F.A.C.Weber) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 127. 1936 ["1935"]. Sec. Hernández & al. (2014)

Syn.#39.6.1Opuntia alcahes F.A.C.Weber in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 1: 321. 1895 syn. sec. Hernández & al. (2014) Grusonia alcahes (F.A.C.Weber) G.D.Rowley in Tephrocactus Study Group 12(3): 43. 2006 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#39.6.2= Opuntia brevispina H.E.Gates in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 10: 98. 1993 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Cylindropuntia brevispina (H.E.Gates) Backeb., Cactaceae 1: 205. 1958 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#39.7.1 Cylindropuntia alcahes subsp. alcahes. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#39.8.1 Cylindropuntia alcahes subsp. burrageana (Britton & Rose) U.Guzmán in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 16. 2003. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#39.8.1Opuntia burrageana Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 1: 70–71, t. 14, f. 1. 1919 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Cylindropuntia burrageana (Britton & Rose) Backeb., Cactaceae 1: 205. 1958 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Cylindropuntia alcahes var. burrageana (Britton & Rose) Rebman in J. Arizona-Nevada Acad. Sci. 34: 45. 2002 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#39.9.1 Cylindropuntia alcahes subsp. gigantensis (Rebman) Rebman in Madroño 66: 93. 2019. Sec. Baker & al. (2019)

Syn.#39.9.1Cylindropuntia alcahes var. gigantensis Rebman in J. Arizona-Nevada Acad. Sci. 33: 150. 2001 syn. sec. Baker & al. (2019) Cylindropuntia alcahes subsp. gigantensis (Rebman) U.Guzmán in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 16. 2003, nom. inval. syn. sec. Baker & al. (2019)

Acc.#39.10.1 Cylindropuntia alcahes subsp. mcgillii (Rebman) Rebman in Madroño 66: 93. 2019. Sec. Baker & al. (2019)

Syn.#39.10.1Cylindropuntia alcahes var. mcgillii Rebman in J. Arizona-Nevada Acad. Sci. 33: 150. 2001 syn. sec. Baker & al. (2019) Cylindropuntia alcahes subsp. mcgillii (Rebman) U.Guzmán in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 16. 2003, nom. inval. syn. sec. Baker & al. (2019)

Acc.#39.11.1 Cylindropuntia anteojoensis (Pinkava) E.F.Anderson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 71(6): 324. 1999. Sec. Hernández & al. (2014)

Syn.#39.11.1Opuntia anteojoensis Pinkava in Madroño 23(5): 293, f. 5. 1976 syn. sec. Hernández & al. (2014) Grusonia anteojoensis (Pinkava) G.D.Rowley in Tephrocactus Study Group 12(3): 43. 2006 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#39.12.1 Cylindropuntia ×antoniae P.V.Heath in Calyx 4: 142. 1994. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#39.13.1 Cylindropuntia arbuscula (Engelm.) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 123. 1936 ["1935"]. Sec. Hernández & al. (2014)

Syn.#39.13.1Opuntia arbuscula Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 309. 1856 syn. sec. Hernández & al. (2014) Grusonia arbuscula (Engelm.) G.D.Rowley in Tephrocactus Study Group 12(3): 43. 2006 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#39.13.2= Opuntia ×neoarbuscula Griffiths in Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 19: 260. 1908 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Cylindropuntia ×neoarbuscula (Griffiths) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 123. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Grusonia ×neoarbuscula (Griffiths) G.D.Rowley in Tephrocactus Study Group 12(3): 44. 2006 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#39.13.3= Opuntia ×vivipara Rose in Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 52: 153. 1909 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Cylindropuntia ×vivipara (Rose) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 124. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Grusonia ×vivipara (Rose) G.D.Rowley in Tephrocactus Study Group 12(3): 45. 2006 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#39.14.1 Cylindropuntia bernardina (Engelm. ex Parish) M.A. Baker, Cloud-H., and Rebman in Haseltonia 25: 13. 2018

Syn.#39.14.1Opuntia bernardina Engelm. ex Parish in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 19(3): 92. 1892 syn. sec. Baker & Pinkava Opuntia parryi var. bernardina (Engelm. ex Parish) Borg, Cacti, ed. 2: 107. 1951

Syn.#39.14.2= Opuntia echinocarpa var. parkeri J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3(7): 446. 1896 syn. sec. Majure (2021) Opuntia parkeri J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 446. 1896 syn. sec. Majure (2021) Opuntia californica var. parkeri (J.M.Coult.) Pinkava in Haseltonia 4: 103. 1996 syn. sec. Majure (2021) Cylindropuntia californica var. parkeri (J.M.Coult.) Pinkava in J. Arizona-Nevada Acad. Sci. 33: 150. 2001 syn. sec. Majure (2021) Cylindropuntia californica subsp. parkeri (J.M.Coult.) U.Guzmán in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 16. 2003 syn. sec. Majure (2021)

Acc.#39.15.1 Cylindropuntia bigelovii (Engelm.) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 125. 1936 ["1935"]. Sec. Hernández & al. (2014)

Syn.#39.15.1Opuntia bigelovii Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 307. 1856 syn. sec. Hernández & al. (2014) Grusonia bigelovii (Engelm.) G.D.Rowley in Tephrocactus Study Group 12(3): 43. 2006 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cylindropuntia bigelovii subsp. bigelovii Cylindropuntia bigelovii var. bigelovii Opuntia bigelovii Engelm. in Pacif. Railr. Rep. Parke, Bot. 4(5): 50. 1857 syn. sec. Hernández & al. (2014) [is later isonym of Opuntia bigelovii Engelm.]

Syn.#39.15.2= Opuntia bigelovii var. hoffmannii Fosberg in Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 32: 121. 1933 syn. sec. Tropicos Opuntia fulgida var. hoffmannii (Fosberg) L.D.Benson, Cact. Calif.: 106. 1969 syn. sec. Tropicos

Acc.#39.16.1 Cylindropuntia californica (Torr. & A.Gray) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 125. 1936 ["1935"]. Sec. Hernández & al. (2014)

Syn.#39.16.1Cereus californicus Torr. & A.Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1(4): 555. 1840 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Cactus californicus Torr. & A.Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1(4): 555. 1840 Cephalocereus californicus (Torr. & A.Gray) K.Schum. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(6a): 182. 1894 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Opuntia californica (Torr. & A.Gray) Coville in Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 13(26): 119. 1899 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Grusonia californica (Torr. & A.Gray) G.D.Rowley in Tephrocactus Study Group 12(3): 43. 2006 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cylindropuntia californica var. californica

Acc.#39.17.1 Cylindropuntia californica subsp. californica. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#39.18.1 Cylindropuntia californica subsp. rosarica (G.E.Linds.) U.Guzmán in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 16. 2003. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#39.18.1Opuntia rosarica G.E.Linds. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 14: 56. 1942 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Cylindropuntia rosarica (G.E.Linds.) Backeb., Cactaceae 1: 185. 1958 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Cylindropuntia californica var. rosarica (G.E.Linds.) Rebman in J. Arizona-Nevada Acad. Sci. 34: 45. 2002 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#39.18.2= Grusonia hamiltonii H.E.Gates ex Backeb., Cactaceae 1: 210. 1958 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Cylindropuntia hamiltonii (H.E.Gates ex Backeb.) Backeb., Cactaceae 1: 213. 1958 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) ≡ ?Opuntia hamiltonii (H.E.Gates ex Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Nat. Cact. & Succ. Journ. 13: 25. 1958 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Grusonia hamiltonii W.T.Marshall in Marshall & Bock, Cactaceae: 68. 1941, nom. inval. syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#39.19.1 Cylindropuntia calmalliana (J.M.Coult.) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 125. 1936 ["1935"]. Sec. Hernández & al. (2014)

Syn.#39.19.1Opuntia calmalliana J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 453. 1896 syn. sec. Hernández & al. (2014)

Acc.#39.20.1 Cylindropuntia ×campii (M.A.Baker & Pinkava) M.A.Baker & Pinkava in J. Arizona-Nevada Acad. Sci. 33: 150. 2001. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#39.20.1Opuntia ×campii M.A.Baker & Pinkava in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 71(6): 320–322, figs. 1–6. 1999 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#39.21.1 Cylindropuntia caribaea (Britton & Rose) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 123. 1936 ["1935"]. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#39.21.1Opuntia caribaea Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 1: 49, f. 59. 1919 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Grusonia caribaea (Britton & Rose) G.D.Rowley in Tephrocactus Study Group 12(3): 44. 2006 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#39.21.2= Opuntia metuenda Pittier in J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 26: 41. 1936 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cylindropuntia metuenda (Pittier) Backeb., Cactaceae 1: 174. 1958 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#39.22.1 Cylindropuntia cedrosensis Rebman in Madroño 62(1): 53. 2015. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#39.23.1 Cylindropuntia cholla (F.A.C.Weber) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 125. 1936 ["1935"]. Sec. Hernández & al. (2014)

Syn.#39.23.1Opuntia cholla F.A.C.Weber in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 1: 320. 1895 syn. sec. Hernández & al. (2014) Grusonia cholla (F.A.C.Weber) G.D.Rowley in Tephrocactus Study Group 12(3): 44. 2006 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#39.24.1 Cylindropuntia chuckwallensis M.A.Baker & Cloud-H. in Madroño 61: 237. 2014. Sec. Baker & Cloud-Hughes (2014)

Acc.#39.25.1 Cylindropuntia ciribe (Engelm.) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 125. 1936 ["1935"]. Sec. Hernández & al. (2014)

Syn.#39.25.1Opuntia ciribe Engelm. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 445. 1896 syn. sec. Hernández & al. (2014) Cylindropuntia bigelovii var. ciribe (Engelm. ex J.M.Coult.) Rebman in J. Arizona-Nevada Acad. Sci. 34: 45. 2002 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cylindropuntia bigelovii subsp. ciribe (Engelm. ex J.M.Coult.) U.Guzmán in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 16. 2003 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Opuntia bigelovii var. ciribe W.T.Marshall syn. sec. Tropicos

Acc.#39.26.1 Cylindropuntia davisii (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 124. 1936 ["1935"]. Sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003)

Syn.#39.26.1Opuntia davisii Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 305. 1856 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Opuntia tunicata var. davisii (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) L.D.Benson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 41(3): 124. 1969 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Grusonia davisii (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) G.D.Rowley in Tephrocactus Study Group 12(3): 44. 2006 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#39.27.1 Cylindropuntia delgadilloana Rebman & Pinkava in J. Arizona-Nevada Acad. Sci. 332: 154. 2001. Sec. Majure & al. (2019)

Syn.#39.27.1Cylindropuntia californica var. delgadilloana (Rebman & Pinkava) Rebman in J. Arizona-Nevada Acad. Sci. 34: 45. 2002 syn. sec. Majure & al. (2019) Cylindropuntia californica subsp. delgadilloana (Rebman & Pinkava) U.Guzmán in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 16. 2003 syn. sec. Majure & al. (2019)

Acc.#39.28.1 Cylindropuntia ×deserta (Griffiths) Pinkava in J. Arizona-Nevada Acad. Sci. 32: 42. 1999. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#39.28.1Opuntia ×deserta Griffiths in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 132. 1913 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Grusonia ×deserta (Griffiths) G.D.Rowley in Tephrocactus Study Group 12(3): 44. 2006 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#39.29.1 Cylindropuntia echinocarpa (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 124. 1936 ["1935"]. Sec. Hernández & al. (2014)

Syn.#39.29.1Opuntia echinocarpa Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 305-306. 1856 syn. sec. Hernández & al. (2014) Grusonia echinocarpa (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) G.D.Rowley in Tephrocactus Study Group 12(3): 44. 2006 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#39.29.2= Cactus echinocarpus Lem., Cactées: 88. 1868 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1923)

Syn.#39.29.3= Opuntia echinocarpa var. nuda J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3(7): 446–447. 1896 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#39.29.4= Opuntia wigginsii L.D.Benson, Cacti Ariz., ed. 3: 19, 32, f. 1.3. 1969 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Cylindropuntia wigginsii (L.D.Benson) H.Rob. in Phytologia 26: 175. 1973 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#39.30.1 Cylindropuntia ×fosbergii (C.B.Wolf) Rebman, M.A.Baker & Pinkava in J. Arizona-Nevada Acad. Sci. 33: 150. 2001. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#39.30.1Opuntia ×fosbergii C.B.Wolf in Occas. Pap. Rancho Santa Ana Bot. Gard. 1(2): 79. 1938 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Grusonia ×fosbergii (C.B.Wolf) G.D.Rowley in Tephrocactus Study Group 12(3): 44. 2006

Acc.#39.31.1 Cylindropuntia fulgida (Engelm.) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 126. 1936 ["1935"]. Sec. Hernández & al. (2014)

Syn.#39.31.1Opuntia fulgida Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 306-307. 1856 syn. sec. Hernández & al. (2014) Grusonia fulgida (Engelm.) G.D.Rowley in Tephrocactus Study Group 12(3): 44. 2006 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cylindropuntia fulgida var. fulgida

Syn.#39.31.2= Opuntia mamillata A.Schott ex Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 308. 1856 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Opuntia mammillata Engelm., Syn. Cact. U.S.: 52. 1856 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Opuntia fulgida var. mamillata (A.Schott ex Engelm.) J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3(7): 449. 1896 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Cylindropuntia fulgida var. mamillata (A.Schott ex Engelm.) Backeb., Cactaceae 1: 204. 1958 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Cylindropuntia fulgida f. mamillata (A.Schott ex Engelm.) Guiggi & Verloove in Bradleya 35: 60. 2017 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#39.31.3= Opuntia fulgens Engelm., Bot. California 1: 250. 1876 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#39.31.4= Cylindropuntia fulgida f. cristata P.V.Heath in Calyx 4: 124. 1994 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#39.31.5= Cylindropuntia fulgida f. monstruosa P.V.Heath in Calyx 4: 142. 1994 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Acc.#39.32.1 Cylindropuntia ganderi (C.B.Wolf) Rebman & Pinkava in J. Arizona-Nevada Acad. Sci. 332: 150. 2001. Sec. Hernández & al. (2014)

Syn.#39.32.1Opuntia acanthocarpa subsp. ganderi C.B.Wolf in Occas. Pap. Rancho Santa Ana Bot. Gard. 1(2): 75, fig. 20. 1938 syn. sec. Hernández & al. (2014) Opuntia acanthocarpa var. ganderi (C.B.Wolf) L.D.Benson, Cact. Calif.: 96. 1969 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Opuntia ganderi (C.B.Wolf) Rebman & Pinkava in Haseltonia 4: 103. 1996 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Grusonia ganderi (C.B.Wolf) G.D.Rowley in Tephrocactus Study Group 12(3): 44. 2006 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#39.33.1 Cylindropuntia ganderi subsp. catavinensis (Rebman) Rebman in Madroño 66(3): 93. 2019. Sec. Baker & al. (2019)

Syn.#39.33.1Cylindropuntia ganderi var. catavinensis Rebman in J. Arizona-Nevada Acad. Sci. 33: 150. 2001 syn. sec. Baker & al. (2019)

Syn.#39.33.2Cylindropuntia ganderi subsp. catavinensis (Rebman) U.Guzmán in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 16. 2003, nom. inval. syn. sec. Baker & al. (2019)

Acc.#39.34.1 Cylindropuntia ganderi subsp. ganderi. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#39.35.1 Cylindropuntia ×grantiorum P.V.Heath in Calyx 4: 142. 1994. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#39.36.1 Cylindropuntia hystrix (Griseb.) Areces in Ciencias (Havana), Ser. 10, 15: 4. 1976. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#39.36.1Opuntia hystrix Griseb., Cat. Pl. Cub.: 117. 1866 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Grusonia hystrix (Griseb.) G.D.Rowley in Tephrocactus Study Group 12(3): 44. 2006 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#39.37.1 Cylindropuntia imbricata (Haw.) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 125. 1936 ["1935"]. Sec. Hernández & al. (2014)

Syn.#39.37.1Cereus imbricatus Haw., Suppl. Pl. Succ.: 70. 1819 syn. sec. Hernández & al. (2014) Opuntia imbricata (Haw.) DC., Prodr. 3: 471. 1828 syn. sec. Hernández & al. (2014) Grusonia imbricata (Haw.) G.D.Rowley in Tephrocactus Study Group 12(3): 44. 2006 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Cylindropuntia imbricata var. imbricata syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#39.37.2= Cactus bleo Torr. in Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 2: 202. 1828 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1919)

Syn.#39.37.3= Opuntia decipiens DC. in Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 118. 1828 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1919)

Syn.#39.37.4= Cereus imbricatus Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 93. 1837 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#39.37.5= Opuntia cristata Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1844: 49. 1845 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#39.37.6= Opuntia exuviata Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1844: 48. 1845 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#39.37.7= Opuntia arborescens Engelm., Mem. Tour N. Mexico: 90. 1848 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Cylindropuntia arborescens (Engelm.) F.M.Knuth, Nye Kaktusbog: 133. 1930 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Cylindropuntia imbricata var. arborescens (Engelm.) Bulot in Succulentes (France). 2002 Opuntia imbricata var. arborescens (Engelm.) A.D.Zimmerman, Cacti Trans-Pecos: 103. 2004

Syn.#39.37.8= Opuntia imbricata var. ramosior Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 249. 1850 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#39.37.9= Opuntia imbricata var. tenuior Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 249. 1850 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#39.37.10= Opuntia stellata Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 73. 1850 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Opuntia exuviata var. stellata (Salm-Dyck) Lem. ex Labour., Monogr. Cactaceae: 492. 1853 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1919)

Syn.#39.37.11= Opuntia exuviatostellata Lem. ex Labour., Monogr. Cactaceae: 492. 1853 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#39.37.12= Opuntia costigera Miq. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 4: 338. 1859 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#39.37.13= Opuntia galeottii De Smet ex Miq. in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 4: 337. 1859 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#39.37.14= Cactus imbricatus Lem., Cactées: 88. 1868 syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Syn.#39.37.15= Cactus cylindricus J.James, Cat. Fl. Pl. Cincinnati: 182. 1879 syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Syn.#39.37.16= Opuntia ruthei A.Berger, Hort. Mortol.: 235. 1912 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#39.37.17= Opuntia vexans Griffiths in Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 22: 28–29. 1912 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#39.37.18= Opuntia magna Griffiths in Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 27: 6. 1914 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#39.38.1 Cylindropuntia imbricata subsp. argentea (M.S.Anthony) U.Guzmán in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 16. 2003. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#39.38.1Opuntia imbricata var. argentea M.S.Anthony in Amer. Midl. Naturalist 55(1): 236, f. 7. 1956 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Cylindropuntia imbricata var. argentea (M.S.Anthony) Backeb., Cactaceae 1: 195. 1958 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#39.39.1 Cylindropuntia imbricata subsp. cardenche (Griffiths) U.Guzmán in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 16. 2003. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#39.39.1Opuntia cardenche Griffiths in Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 19: 259–260, t. 21. 1908 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Cylindropuntia cardenche (Griffiths) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 126. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Opuntia imbricata var. cardenche (Griffiths) Bravo in Cact. Suc. Mex. 17(4): 119. 1972 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Cylindropuntia ×cardenche (Griffiths) Pinkava & M.A.Baker in Haseltonia 15: 119. 2009, nom. inval. syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#39.40.1 Cylindropuntia imbricata subsp. imbricata. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#39.41.1 Cylindropuntia imbricata subsp. lloydii (Rose) U.Guzmán in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 17. 2003. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#39.41.1Opuntia lloydii Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12(7): 292, t. 25, f. 34. 1909 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Cylindropuntia lloydii (Rose) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 125. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Opuntia imbricata var. lloydii (Rose) Bravo in Cact. Suc. Mex. 17(4): 119. 1972 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#39.42.1 Cylindropuntia imbricata subsp. rosea (DC.) M.A.Baker in Madroño 66: 93. 2019. Sec. Baker & al. (2019)

Syn.#39.42.1Opuntia rosea DC., Prodr. 3: 471. 1828 Cylindropuntia rosea (DC.) Backeb., Cactaceae 1: 197. 1958 Grusonia rosea (DC.) G.D.Rowley in Tephrocactus Study Group 12(3): 45. 2006

Syn.#39.42.2= Cactus subquadriflorus Moc. & Sessé ex DC., Prodr. 3: 471. 1828 syn. sec. Majure (2021)

Syn.#39.42.3= Cylindropuntia rosea var. atrorosea Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 5. 1963 syn. sec. Majure (2021)

Acc.#39.43.1 Cylindropuntia imbricata subsp. spinosior (Engelm.) M.A.Baker, Cloud-H. & Majure in Madroño 66: 93. 2019. Sec. Baker & al. (2019)

Syn.#39.43.1Opuntia whipplei var. spinosior Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 307. 1856 syn. sec. Baker & al. (2019) Opuntia spinosior (Engelm.) Toumey in Bot. Gaz. 25(2): 119. 1898 syn. sec. Baker & al. (2019) Cylindropuntia spinosior (Engelm.) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 126. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Baker & al. (2019) Grusonia spinosior (Engelm.) G.D.Rowley in Tephrocactus Study Group 12(3): 45. 2006 syn. sec. Baker & al. (2019)

Syn.#39.43.2= Opuntia spinosior var. neomexicana Toumey in Bot. Gaz. 25(2): 119. 1898 syn. sec. Baker & al. (2019)

Acc.#39.44.1 Cylindropuntia imbricata subsp. spinotecta (Griffiths) M.A.Baker in Madroño 66: 95. 2019. Sec. Baker & al. (2019)

Syn.#39.44.1Opuntia spinotecta Griffiths in Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 27: 24. 1914 syn. sec. Baker & al. (2019) Cylindropuntia imbricata var. spinotecta (Griffiths) M.A.Baker in Haseltonia 15: 119. 2009 syn. sec. Baker & al. (2019)

Acc.#39.45.1 Cylindropuntia ×kelvinensis (V.E.Grant & K.A.Grant) P.V.Heath in Calyx 4: 142. 1994. Sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003)

Syn.#39.45.1Opuntia ×kelvinensis V.E.Grant & K.A.Grant in Evolution 25: 155. 1971 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Grusonia ×kelvinensis (V.E.Grant & K.A.Grant) G.D.Rowley in Tephrocactus Study Group 12(3): 44. 2006

Acc.#39.46.1 Cylindropuntia kleiniae (DC.) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 123. 1936 ["1935"]. Sec. Hernández & al. (2014)

Syn.#39.46.1Opuntia kleiniae DC. in Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 118. 1828 syn. sec. Hernández & al. (2014) Grusonia kleiniae (DC.) G.D.Rowley in Tephrocactus Study Group 12(3): 44. 2006 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#39.46.2= Opuntia kleiniae var. laetevirens Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 73. 1850 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#39.46.3= Opuntia wrightii Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 308–309. 1856 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#39.46.4= Opuntia ×tetracantha Toumey in Gard. & Forest 9: 432. 1896 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Cylindropuntia ×tetracantha (Toumey) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 124. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Opuntia kleiniae var. tetracantha (Toumey) W.T.Marshall in Desert. Bot. Gard. Arizona, Sci. Bull. 1: 17. 1950 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Grusonia ×tetracantha (Toumey) G.D.Rowley in Tephrocactus Study Group 12(3): 45. 2006

Syn.#39.46.5= Opuntia caerulescens Griffiths, Ill. Stud. Opuntia: 86–87, t. 6, upper f., t. 2, f. 9. 1909 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Cylindropuntia caerulescens (Griffiths) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 123. 1935 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#39.46.6= Opuntia congesta Griffiths, Ill. Stud. Opuntia: 88–89. 1909 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Opuntia ×congesta Griffiths in Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 20: 88. 1909 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cylindropuntia ×congesta (Griffiths) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 123. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Cylindropuntia arbuscula var. congesta (Griffiths) Backeb., Cactaceae 1: 174. 1958 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Grusonia ×congesta (Griffiths) G.D.Rowley in Tephrocactus Study Group 12(3): 44. 2006 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#39.46.7= Opuntia recondita Griffiths in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 131. 1913 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Cylindropuntia recondita (Griffiths) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 124. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#39.46.8= Opuntia kleiniae var. gilensis M.A.Fisch., Tax. Rel.: 41. 1962 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#39.46.9Opuntia ×californica Engelm., Not. Milit. Reconn. 2: 158. 1848, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#39.47.1 Cylindropuntia leptocaulis (DC.) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 122. 1936 ["1935"]. Sec. Hernández & al. (2014)

Syn.#39.47.1Opuntia leptocaulis DC. in Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 118. 1828 syn. sec. Hernández & al. (2014) Grusonia leptocaulis (DC.) G.D.Rowley in Tephrocactus Study Group 12(3): 44. 2006 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#39.47.2= Opuntia ramulifera Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck.: 360. 1834 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#39.47.3= Opuntia gracilis Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 172. 1837 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#39.47.4= Opuntia virgata Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 173. 1837 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#39.47.5= Opuntia fragilis var. frutescens Engelm. & A.Gray in Boston J. Nat. Hist. 5(2): 245 as "445". 1845 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003)

Syn.#39.47.6= Opuntia frutescens Engelm. in Boston J. Nat. Hist. 5(1): 245. 1845 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003)

Syn.#39.47.7= Opuntia virgata C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk.: 506. 1846 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1919)

Syn.#39.47.8= Opuntia vaginata Engelm. in Mem. Tour N. Mexico: 100. 1848 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Opuntia leptocaulis var. vaginata (Engelm.) S.Watson in Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 258: 407. 1878 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Opuntia leptocaulis f. vaginata (Engelm.) Schelle, Kakteen: 54. 1926 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Cylindropuntia leptocaulis var. vaginata (Engelm.) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 123. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003)

Syn.#39.47.9= Opuntia gracilis var. subpatens Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 73. 1850 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#39.47.10= Opuntia frutescens var. brevispina Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 309. 1856 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Opuntia leptocaulis var. brevispina (Engelm.) S.Watson in Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 258: 407. 1878 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Opuntia leptocaulis f. brevispina (Engelm.) Schelle, Kakteen: 54. 1926 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Cylindropuntia leptocaulis var. brevispina (Engelm.) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 122. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003)

Syn.#39.47.11= Opuntia frutescens var. longispina Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 309. 1856 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Opuntia leptocaulis var. longispina (Engelm.) A.Berger in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 36(5): 450. 1905 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Opuntia leptocaulis f. longispina (Engelm.) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 41. 1907 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Cylindropuntia leptocaulis var. longispina (Engelm.) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 122. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Cylindropuntia leptocaulis f. longispina (Engelm.) Guiggi in Kakteen And. Sukk. 69: 157. 2018 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#39.47.12= Opuntia leptocaulis var. stipata J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 456. 1896, nom. illeg. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Opuntia stipata (J.M.Coult.) K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 679. 1898 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#39.47.13= Opuntia mortolensis Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 1: 47. 1919 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cylindropuntia mortolensis (Britton & Rose) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 122. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#39.47.14= Opuntia brittonii G.J.Ortega, México Forest. 4(4): 68. 1928 syn. sec. Tropicos Cylindropuntia brittonii (J.G.Ortega) Backeb., Cactaceae 1: 171. 1958 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Opuntia leptocaulis var. brittonii (G.J.Ortega) Bravo in Cact. Suc. Mex. 17(4): 119. 1972

Syn.#39.47.15= Opuntia leptocaulis var. badia A.Berger, Kakteen: 59. 1929 syn. sec. Tropicos Cylindropuntia leptocaulis var. badia (A.Berger) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 123. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#39.47.16= Opuntia leptocaulis var. pleuriseta A.Berger, Kakteen: 59. 1929 syn. sec. Tropicos Cylindropuntia leptocaulis var. pleuriseta (A.Berger) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 123. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#39.47.17= Opuntia leptocaulis var. robustior A.Berger, Kakteen: 59. 1929 syn. sec. Tropicos Cylindropuntia leptocaulis var. robustior (A.Berger) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 123. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#39.47.18= Cylindropuntia leptocaulis var. glauca Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3583. 1962 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#39.48.1 Cylindropuntia libertadensis Rebman in Madroño 62: 58. 2015. Sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#39.49.1 Cylindropuntia lindsayi (Rebman) Rebman in J. Arizona-Nevada Acad. Sci. 341: 45. 2002. Sec. Hernández & al. (2014)

Syn.#39.49.1Opuntia lindsayi Rebman in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 69(2): 67. 1997 syn. sec. Hernández & al. (2014) Grusonia lindsayi (Rebman) G.D.Rowley in Tephrocactus Study Group 12(3): 44. 2006 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#39.50.1 Cylindropuntia ×media P.V.Heath in Calyx 4: 142. 1994. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#39.51.1 Cylindropuntia molesta (K.Brandegee) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 126. 1936 ["1935"]. Sec. Hernández & al. (2014)

Syn.#39.51.1Opuntia molesta K.Brandegee in Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 2, 2(2): 164. 1889 syn. sec. Hernández & al. (2014) Grusonia molesta (Brandegee) G.D.Rowley in Tephrocactus Study Group 12(3): 44. 2006 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#39.52.1 Cylindropuntia molesta subsp. clavellina (Engelm. ex J.M.Coult.) U.Guzmán in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 17. 2003. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#39.52.1Opuntia clavellina Engelm. ex J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 444. 1896 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Cylindropuntia clavellina (Engelm. ex J.M.Coult.) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 124. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Cylindropuntia molesta var. clavellina (Engelm. ex J.M.Coult.) Rebman in J. Arizona-Nevada Acad. Sci. 34: 45. 2002 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#39.53.1 Cylindropuntia molesta subsp. molesta. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#39.54.1 Cylindropuntia multigeniculata (Clokey) Backeb., Cactaceae 1: 186. 1958. Sec. Baker (2016)

Syn.#39.54.1Opuntia multigeniculata Clokey in Madroño 7(3): 69–70. 1943 Opuntia whipplei var. multigeniculata (Clokey) L.D.Benson, Cacti Ariz., ed. 3: 20. 1969

Acc.#39.55.1 Cylindropuntia munzii (C.B.Wolf) Backeb., Kakteenlex.: 113. 1966. Sec. Hernández & al. (2014)

Syn.#39.55.1Opuntia munzii C.B.Wolf in Occas. Pap. Rancho Santa Ana Bot. Gard. 1(2): 79-82, f. 23. 1938 syn. sec. Hernández & al. (2014) Grusonia munzii (C.B.Wolf) G.D.Rowley in Tephrocactus Study Group 12(3): 44. 2006 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#39.56.1 Cylindropuntia pallida (Rose) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 126. 1936 ["1935"]. Sec. Majure (2021)

Syn.#39.56.1Opuntia pallida Rose in Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 50: 507. 1908 syn. sec. Majure (2021)

Acc.#39.57.1 Cylindropuntia ×parryi (Engelm.) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 124. 1935. Sec. Baker & Pinkava

Syn.#39.57.1Opuntia parryi Engelm. in Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, 14(42): 339. 1852

Syn.#39.57.2= Opuntia serpentina Engelm. in Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, 14(42): 338. 1852 syn. sec. Majure (2021) Opuntia parryi var. serpentina (Engelm.) L.D.Benson, Cact. Calif.: 88. 1969 syn. sec. Majure (2021)

Acc.#39.58.1 Cylindropuntia perrita (Griffiths) Majure in Willdenowia 51: 264. 2021. Sec. Majure (2021)

Syn.#39.58.1Opuntia perrita Griffiths in Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 22: 33. 1912 syn. sec. Majure (2021) Cylindropuntia recondita var. perrita (Griffiths) Backeb., Cactaceae 1: 178. 1958 syn. sec. Majure (2021) Opuntia recondita var. perrita (Griffiths) G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13: 25. 1958 syn. sec. Majure (2021)

Acc.#39.59.1 Cylindropuntia prolifera (Engelm.) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 126. 1936 ["1935"]. Sec. Hernández & al. (2014)

Syn.#39.59.1Opuntia prolifera Engelm. in Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, 14(42): 338. 1852 syn. sec. Hernández & al. (2014) Grusonia prolifera (Engelm.) G.D.Rowley in Tephrocactus Study Group 12(3): 45. 2006 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#39.60.1 Cylindropuntia ramosissima (Engelm.) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 122. 1936 ["1935"]. Sec. Hernández & al. (2014)

Syn.#39.60.1Opuntia ramosissima Engelm. in Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, 14(42): 339. 1852 syn. sec. Hernández & al. (2014) Grusonia ramosissima (Engelm.) G.D.Rowley in Tephrocactus Study Group 12(3): 45. 2006 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#39.60.2= Opuntia tesselata Engelm. in Pacif. Railr. Rep. Parke, Bot. 4(5): 52. 1857 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#39.60.3= Opuntia tessellata var. cristata K.Schum. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 8: 70. 1898 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1919) Cylindropuntia ramosissima var. cristata (K.Schum.) P.V.Heath in Calyx 4: 142. 1994 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#39.61.1 Cylindropuntia sanfelipensis (Rebman) Rebman in J. Arizona-Nevada Acad. Sci. 341: 45. 2002. Sec. Hernández & al. (2014)

Syn.#39.61.1Opuntia sanfelipensis Rebman in Haseltonia 6: 17. 1998 syn. sec. Hernández & al. (2014) Grusonia sanfelipensis (Rebman) G.D.Rowley in Tephrocactus Study Group 12(3): 45. 2006 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#39.62.1 Cylindropuntia santamaria (E.M.Baxter) Rebman in J. Arizona-Nevada Acad. Sci. 341: 45. 2002. Sec. Hernández & al. (2014)

Syn.#39.62.1Grusonia santamaria E.M.Baxter in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 6: 160. 1934 syn. sec. Hernández & al. (2014) Opuntia santamaria (E.M.Baxter) Wiggins, Veg. Fl. Sonoran Desert 2: 966. 1964 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Opuntia santamaria (E.M.Baxter) Bravo in Cact. Suc. Mex. 17(4): 119. 1972 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#39.63.1 Cylindropuntia tesajo (Engelm. ex J.M.Coult.) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 122. 1936 ["1935"]. Sec. Hernández & al. (2014)

Syn.#39.63.1Opuntia tesajo Engelm. ex J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3(7): 448. 1896 syn. sec. Hernández & al. (2014) Grusonia tesajo (Engelm. ex J.M.Coult.) G.D.Rowley in Tephrocactus Study Group 12(3): 45. 2006 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#39.63.2= Opuntia cineracea Wiggins in Contr. Dudley Herb. 3: 285. 1943 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Cylindropuntia tesajo var. cineracea (Wiggins) Backeb., Cactaceae 1: 173. 1958 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#39.64.1 Cylindropuntia thurberi (Engelm.) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 124. 1936 ["1935"]. Sec. Hernández & al. (2014)

Syn.#39.64.1Opuntia thurberi Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 308. 1856 syn. sec. Hernández & al. (2014) Grusonia thurberi (Engelm.) G.D.Rowley in Tephrocactus Study Group 12(3): 45. 2006 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#39.65.1 Cylindropuntia thurberi subsp. alamosensis (Britton & Rose) U.Guzmán in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 17. 2003. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#39.65.1Opuntia alamosensis Britton & Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 23(5): 1676. 1926 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Cylindropuntia alamosensis (Britton & Rose) Backeb., Cactaceae 1: 177. 1958 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Opuntia thurberi var. alamosensis (Britton & Rose) Bravo in Cact. Suc. Mex. 17(4): 119. 1972 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#39.66.1 Cylindropuntia thurberi subsp. thurberi. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#39.67.1 Cylindropuntia thurberi subsp. versicolor (Engelm. ex J.M.Coult.) M.A.Baker in Madroño 66: 95. 2019. Sec. Baker & al. (2019)

Syn.#39.67.1Opuntia versicolor Engelm. ex J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3(7): 452-453. 1896 syn. sec. Baker & al. (2019) Opuntia arborescens var. versicolor (Engelm. ex J.M.Coult.) Dams in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 14: 3. 1904 syn. sec. Majure (2021) Cylindropuntia versicolor (Engelm. ex J.M.Coult.) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 125. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Baker & al. (2019) Opuntia thurberi subsp. versicolor (Engelm. ex J.M.Coult.) Felger in J. Arizona Acad. Sci. 6: 83. 1970 syn. sec. Baker & al. (2019)

Syn.#39.67.2= Grusonia versicolor (Engelm. ex Toumey) G.D.Rowley in Tephrocactus Study Group 12(3): 45. 2006 syn. sec. Majure (2021)

Syn.#39.67.3Opuntia versicolor Engelm. ex Toumey in Gard. & Forest 8: 325. 1895, nom. inval. syn. sec. Baker & al. (2019)

Acc.#39.68.1 Cylindropuntia tunicata (Lehm.) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 126. 1936 ["1935"]. Sec. Hernández & al. (2014)

Syn.#39.68.1Cactus tunicatus Lehm. in Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 16: 319. 1832 syn. sec. Hernández & al. (2014) Opuntia tunicata (Lehm.) Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 170. 1837 syn. sec. Hernández & al. (2014) Grusonia tunicata (Lehm.) G.D.Rowley in Tephrocactus Study Group 12(3): 45. 2006 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cactus tunicatus Lehm., Index Seminum (HBG) 1827: 17. 1827, nom. nud.

Syn.#39.68.2= Opuntia exuviata DC. in Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 118. 1828 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#39.68.3= Opuntia exuviata var. angustior DC. in Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 118. 1828 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#39.68.4= Opuntia exuviata var. spinosior DC. in Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 118. 1828 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#39.68.5= Opuntia stapeliae DC. in Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 117. 1828 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#39.68.6= Opuntia furiosa H.L.Wendl. in Cat. Hort. Herrenh. 1835 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#39.68.7= Opuntia exuviata var. viridior Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1844: 48. 1845 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#39.68.8= Opuntia tunicata var. laevior Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 73. 1850 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#39.68.9= Opuntia puelchana A.Cast. in Physis (Buenos Aires) 9: 101. 1928 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#39.68.10= Cylindropuntia tunicata var. aricensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 890. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#39.68.11= Cylindropuntia tunicata var. chilensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 889. 1980 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Opuntia tunicata var. chilensis (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 242. 1989 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#39.69.1 Cylindropuntia ×viridiflora (Britton & Rose) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 124. 1936 ["1935"]. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#39.69.1Opuntia ×viridiflora Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 1: 55, f. 65. 1919 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Opuntia whipplei var. viridiflora (Britton & Rose) L.D.Benson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 46(2): 79. 1974 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Grusonia ×viridiflora (Britton & Rose) G.D.Rowley in Tephrocactus Study Group 12(3): 45. 2006 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#39.69.2= Cylindropuntia ×anasaziensis D.J.Barnett & Donnie Barnett, Cact. Colorado: 247. 2016 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#39.70.1 Cylindropuntia waltoniorum Rebman in Madroño 62: 60. 2015. Sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#39.71.1 Cylindropuntia whipplei (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 124. 1936 ["1935"]. Sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003)

Syn.#39.71.1Opuntia whipplei Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 307. 1856 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Grusonia whipplei (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) G.D.Rowley in Tephrocactus Study Group 12(3): 45. 2006 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#39.72.1 Cylindropuntia whipplei subsp. enodis (Peebles) M.A.Baker in Madroño 66: 95. 2019. Sec. Baker & al. (2019)

Syn.#39.72.1Opuntia whipplei var. enodis Peebles in J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 30(11): 473. 1940 syn. sec. Baker & al. (2019) Cylindropuntia whipplei var. enodis (Peebles) Backeb., Cactaceae 1: 180. 1958 syn. sec. Baker & al. (2019)

Acc.#39.73.1 Cylindropuntia whipplei subsp. whipplei. Sec. Baker & al. (2019)

Syn.#39.73.2= Opuntia whipplei var. laevior Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 307. 1856 syn. sec. Majure (2021)

Syn.#39.73.3= Opuntia hualpaensis Hester in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 15: 19. 1943 syn. sec. Majure (2021) Cylindropuntia hualpaensis (Hester) Backeb., Cactaceae 1: 213. 1958 syn. sec. Majure (2021)

Acc.#39.74.1 Cylindropuntia wolfii (L.D.Benson) M.A.Baker in J. Arizona-Nevada Acad. Sci. 332: 150. 2001. Sec. Hernández & al. (2014)

Syn.#39.74.1Opuntia echinocarpa var. wolfii L.D.Benson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 41: 33. 1969 syn. sec. Hernández & al. (2014) Opuntia wolfii (L.D.Benson) M.A.Baker in Madroño 39(2): 108. 1992 syn. sec. Hernández & al. (2014) Grusonia wolfii (L.D.Benson) G.D.Rowley in Tephrocactus Study Group 12(3): 45. 2006 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#40. Deamia Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 212. 1920. Sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Type: Deamia testudo (Karw. ex Zucc.) Britton & Rose

Notes. – Phylogenetics: Reinstated by Korotkova et al. (2017), who found Strophocactus testudo (≡ Deamia testudo (Karw.) Britton & Rose, the nomenclatural type of Deamia) and S. chontalensis to form a highly-supported clade (1 PP, 98% MLBS, 99% JK), as sister to the subtribe Pachycereinae, and not closely related to the type species of Strophocactus. [Korotkova (2021)]

Acc.#40.1.1 Deamia chontalensis (Alexander) Doweld in Sukkulenty 4(1-2): 41. 2002 ["2001"]. Sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#40.1.1Nyctocereus chontalensis Alexander in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 22: 132, fig. 52-55. 1950 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Selenicereus chontalensis (Alexander) Kimnach in Bradleya 9: 91. 1991 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Strophocactus chontalensis (Alexander) Ralf Bauer in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 17: 54. 2003 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Acc.#40.2.1 Deamia montalvoae Cerén, J.Menjívar & S.Arias in Phytotaxa 369(4): 253. 2018. Sec. Cerén & al. (2018)

Acc.#40.3.1 Deamia testudo (Karw. ex Zucc.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 213. 1920. Sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#40.3.1Cereus testudo Karw. ex Zucc. in Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 2: 682. 1838 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Selenicereus testudo (Karw. ex Zucc.) Buxb. ex Krainz, Kakteen: 30, Gen. C IIa. 1965 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Strophocactus testudo (Karw. ex Zucc.) Ralf Bauer in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 17: 55. 2003 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#40.3.2= Cereus pterogonus Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 59. 1839 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#40.3.3= Cereus pentapterus Otto ex Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 220. 1850 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#40.3.4= Cereus miravallensis F.A.C.Weber in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 8: 459. 1902 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Selenicereus miravallensis (F.A.C.Weber) Britton & Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 431. 1909 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#40.3.5= Cereus acanthosphaera Weing. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 24: 81. 1914 syn. sec. Bauer (2003)

Syn.#40.3.6= Deamia diabolica Clover in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 65: 570, f. 5. 1938 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Acc.#41. Denmoza Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 78. 1922. Sec. Hunt (2006) Type: Denmoza rhodacantha (Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose

Syn.#41.g1Demnosa Britton & Rose syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Notes. – Monotypic; distributed in Argentina. Sampled by Hernández-Hernández & al. 2011, resolved as sister to a clade of Acanthocalycium + Echinopsis, albeit with support <50%. [Korotkova & al. (2021)]

Acc.#41.1.1 Denmoza rhodacantha (Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 79, pl. 8. 1922. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#41.1.1Echinocactus rhodacanthus Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck.: 341-342. 1834 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Echinopsis rhodacantha (SalmDyck) Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 182. 1850 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Cleistocactus rhodacanthus (Salm-Dyck) Lem. in Ill. Hort. 8(Misc.): 35. 1861 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Cereus rhodacanthus (Salm-Dyck) F.A.C.Weber in Bois, Dict. Hort.: 472. 1896 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Pilocereus rhodacanthus Speg. in Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, ser. 3, 4: 485. 1905 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922) Echinopsis rhodocantha (Salm-Dyck) C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk.: 368. 1846 syn. sec. TPL (2013) [is misspelling for Echinopsis rhodacantha (Salm-Dyck) Salm-Dyck]

Syn.#41.1.2= Cactus coccineus Gillies ex Loudon, Hort. Brit.: 194. 1830 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#41.1.3= Mammillaria coccinea G.Don, Hort. Brit.: 194. 1830 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#41.1.4= ?Echinocactus coccineus Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 50. 1837 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#41.1.5= Echinocactus rhodacanthus var. coccineus Monv. ex Labour., Monogr. Cactaceae: 304. 1853 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#41.1.6= Echinopsis ducis-pauli C.F.Först. ex Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 641. 1885 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Lobivia ducis-pauli (C.F.Först.) Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 190. 1937 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Pseudolobivia ducis-pauli (C.F.Först.) Krainz in Mitt. Schweiz. Kakteen-Ges. 1946: 36. 1946 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Furiolobivia ducis-pauli (C.F.Först.) Y.Itô, Explan. Diagr. Austroechinocactinae: 80. 1957 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Denmoza ducis-pauli (C.F.Först. ex Rümpler) Werderm. ex Backeb., Cactaceae 2: 1045. 1959 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#41.1.7= Pilocereus erythrocephalus K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 195. 1897 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Cereus erythrocephalus (K.Schum.) A.Berger in Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 16: 69. 1905 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Denmoza erythrocephala (K.Schum.) A.Berger, Kakteen: 339. 1929 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#41.1.8= Denmoza strausii var. luteispina Frič in Möller's Deutsche Gärtn.-Zeitung 44: 170. 1929 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#41.1.9= Denmoza rhodacantha var. diamantina Slaba in Kaktusy (Brno) 32: 98. 1996 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#42. Discocactus Pfeiff. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 5: 241. 1837. Sec. Hunt (2016) Type: Discocactus insignis Pfeiff.

Syn.#42.g1= Neodiscocactus Y.Itô, Cactaceae: 531. 1981 syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Acc.#42.1.1 Discocactus bahiensis Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 220, pl. 24, f. 4. 1922. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#42.1.1Echinocactus bahiensis (Britton & Rose) Luetzelb. in Estud. Bot. Nordéste 3: 111. 1926 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#42.1.2= Discocactus subviridigriseus Buining & Brederoo, Discocactus: 115. 1976 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Discocactus bahiensis subsp. subviridigriseus (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 44: 63. 1993 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#42.1.3= Discocactus bahiensis subsp. gracilis P.J.Braun & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 52: 290. 2001 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#42.2.1 Discocactus boliviensis Buining & Brederoo, Discocactus: 90. 1980. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#42.2.1Neodiscocactus boliviensis (Backeb.) Y.Itô, Cactaceae: 531. 1981 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Discocactus boliviensis Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 5. 1963, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Acc.#42.3.1 Discocactus catingicola Buining & Brederoo in Kakteen And. Sukk. 25: 265–267. 1974. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#42.3.1Discocactus heptacanthus subsp. catingicola (Buining & Brederoo) N.P.Taylor & Zappi in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 7. 1997 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#42.3.2= Discocactus griseus Buining & Brederoo in Succulenta (Netherlands) 54: 186. 1975 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Discocactus catingicola var. griseus (Buining & Brederoo) P.Braun & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 44: 112. 1993 syn. sec. WFO 2019 Discocactus catingicola subsp. griseus (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 46: 64. 1995 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#42.3.3= Discocactus rapirhizus Buining & Brederoo in Ashingtonia 2: 44. 1975 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Discocactus catingicola subsp. rapirhizus (Buining & Brederoo) P.Braun & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 44: 112. 1993 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#42.3.4= Discocactus nigrisaetosus Buining & Brederoo, Discocactus: 129. 1976 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Discocactus catingicola var. nigrisaetosus (Buining & Brederoo) P.Braun & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 44: 112. 1993 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#42.3.5= Discocactus silvaticus Buining & Brederoo, Discocactus: 140. 1976 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#42.3.6= Discocactus spinosior Buining & Brederoo, Discocactus: 146. 1976 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#42.3.7= Discocactus estevesii Diers in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 50: 83. 1978 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#42.3.8= Discocactus cangaensis Diers & Esteves in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 52: 107. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#42.3.9= Discocactus prominentigibbus Diers & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 39: 18. 1988 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#42.3.10= Discocactus crassispinus P.J.Braun & Esteves in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 66: 228. 1994 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#42.3.11= Discocactus piauiensis P.J.Braun & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 46: 62. 1995 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#42.3.12= Discocactus crassispinus subsp. araguaiensis P.J.Braun & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 47: 194. 1996 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#42.4.1 Discocactus diersianus Esteves in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 51: 179. 1979. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#42.4.2= Discocactus paranaensis Backeb., Cactaceae 4: 2628. 1960 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#42.4.3= Discocactus mamillosus Buining & Brederoo in Kakteen And. Sukk. 25: 217. 1974 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Discocactus hartmannii var. mamillosus (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun in Kakteen And. Sukk. 36: 23. 1985

Syn.#42.4.4= Discocactus goianus Diers & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 31: 79. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Discocactus diersianus var. goianus (Diers & Esteves) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 44: 113. 1993 syn. sec. Tropicos Discocactus diersianus subsp. goianus (Diers & Esteves) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 46: 64. 1995 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#42.4.5= Discocactus lindaianus Diers & Esteves in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 53: 56. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#42.4.6= Discocactus cephaliaciculosus Buining & Brederoo ex P.J.Braun & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 46: 63. 1995 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Discocactus diersianus subsp. cephaliaciculosus (Buining & Brederoo ex P.J.Braun & Esteves) Guiggi in Cactology 5 (Suppl. 8): 2. 2020 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#42.4.7= Discocactus cephaliaciculosus subsp. nudicephalus P.J.Braun & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 46: 63. 1995 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Discocactus diersianus subsp. nudicephalus (P.J.Braun & Esteves) Guiggi in Cactology 5 (Suppl. 8): 2. 2020 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Acc.#42.5.1 Discocactus fariae-peresii P.J.Braun in Kakteen And. Sukk. 67: 33. 2016. Sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#42.6.1 Discocactus ferricola Buining & Brederoo in Kakteen And. Sukk. 26(1): 2. 1975. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#42.6.1Discocactus boliviensis subsp. ferricola (Buining & Brederoo) Guiggi in Cactology 5 (Suppl. 8): 2. 2020 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Acc.#42.7.1 Discocactus hartmannii (K.Schum.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 217, f. 230. 1922. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#42.7.1Echinocactus hartmannii K.Schum. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 10: 170. 1900 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Neodiscocactus hartmannii (K.Schum.) Y.Itô, Cactaceae: 532. 1981 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#42.7.2= Discocactus patulifolius Buining & Brederoo in Kakteen And. Sukk. 25: 195. 1974 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Discocactus hartmannii var. patulifolius (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun in Kakteen And. Sukk. 36: 23. 1985 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Discocactus hartmannii subsp. patulifolius (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 46: 64. 1995 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#42.7.3= Discocactus pachythele Buining & Brederoo in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 47: 163. 1975 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#42.7.4= Discocactus magnimammus subsp. bonitoensis Buining & Brederoo, Discocactus: 204. 1976 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Discocactus hartmannii var. bonitoensis (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun in Kakteen And. Sukk. 36: 23. 1985 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#42.7.5= Discocactus hartmannii subsp. setosiflorus P.J.Braun & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 45(2): 27. 1994 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#42.7.6= Discocactus hartmannii subsp. giganteus P.J.Braun & Esteves in Succulenta (Netherlands) 75: 260. 1996 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#42.8.1 Discocactus heptacanthus (Barb.Rodr.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 218, f. 232. 1922. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#42.8.1Malacocarpus heptacanthus Barb.Rodr., Pl. Mattogr.: 29. 1898 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Neodiscocactus heptacanthus (Barb.Rodr.) Y.Itô, Cactaceae: 532. 1981 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#42.8.2= Discocactus magnimammus Buining & Brederoo in Kakteen And. Sukk. 25: 242. 1974 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Discocactus hartmannii var. magnimammus (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun in Kakteen And. Sukk. 36: 23. 1985 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Discocactus heptacanthus subsp. magnimammus (Buining & Brederoo) N.P.Taylor & Zappi in Bradleya 9: 86. 1991 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Discocactus hartmannii subsp. magnimammus (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 46: 64. 1995 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#42.8.3= Discocactus semicampaniflorus Buining & Brederoo in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 47: 122. 1975 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Discocactus heptacanthus var. semicampaniflorus (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 44: 103. 1993 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#42.8.4= Discocactus silicicola Buining & Brederoo in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 47: 214. 1975 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#42.8.5= Discocactus flavispinus Buining & Brederoo, Discocactus: 157. 1976 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#42.8.6= Discocactus melanochlorus Buining & Brederoo, Discocactus: 135. 1976 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Discocactus heptacanthus subsp. melanochlorus (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 44: 103. 1993 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#42.8.7= Discocactus squamibaccatus Buining & Brederoo, Discocactus: 183. 1976 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#42.8.8= Discocactus subterraneo-proliferans Diers & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 31: 271. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#42.9.1 Discocactus horstii Buining & Brederoo in Krainz, Kakteen 52: CVIf. 1973. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#42.9.2= Discocactus woutersianus Brederoo & Broek in Succulenta (Netherlands) 59: 198. 1980 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#42.10.1 Discocactus placentiformis (Lehm.) K.Schum. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(6a): 190. 1894. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#42.10.1Cactus placentiformis Lehm. in Del. Sem. Hort. Hamburg. 1826 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Melocactus placentiformis (Lehm.) DC., Prodr. 3: 460. 1828 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Echinocactus placentiformis (Lehm.) K.Schum. in Martius, Fl. Bras. 4(2): 246. 1890 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#42.10.2= Melocactus besleri Link & Otto in Verh. Vereins Beförd. Gartenbaues Königl. Preuss. Staaten 3: 420. 1827 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#42.10.3= Discocactus insignis Pfeiff. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 5: 241. 1837 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#42.10.4= Discocactus lehmannii Pfeiff. in Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19(1): 120. 1839 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#42.10.5= Discocactus linkii Pfeiff. in Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19(1): 120. 1839 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#42.10.6= Discocactus alteolens Lem. ex A.Dietr. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 14: 202. 1846 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Discocactus placentiformis var. alteolens (Lem. ex A.Dietr.) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 44: 105. 1993 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Discocactus placentiformis subsp. alteolens (Lem. ex A.Dietr.) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 46: 64. 1995 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Echinocactus alteolens Lem., Hortus Van Houtteanus 1(2): 23. 1846 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus alteolens (Lem. ex A.Dietr.) K.Schum., Fl. Bras. 4(2): 246. 1890 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cactus alteolens (Lem. ex A.Dietr.) Kuntze in Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 21: 173. 1903 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#42.10.7= Echinocactus tricornis Monv. ex A.Dietr. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 14: 203. 1846 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Discocactus tricornis Monv. ex Pfeiff. & Otto, Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 2: t. 28. 1850 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#42.10.8= Discocactus alteolens K.Schum. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(6a): 190. 1894 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#42.10.9= Discocactus besleri F.A.C.Weber, Dict. Hort. 1: 450. 1896 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#42.10.10= Discocactus latispinus Buining & Brederoo, Discocactus: 95. 1976 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#42.10.11= Discocactus pugionacanthus Buining & Brederoo, Discocactus: 61. 1976 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Discocactus placentiformis var. pugionacanthus (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 44: 105. 1993 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Discocactus placentiformis subsp. pugionacanthus (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 46: 64. 1995 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#42.10.12= Discocactus pulvinicapitatus Buining & Brederoo, Discocactus: 100. 1976 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Discocactus latispinus subsp. pulvinicapitatus (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 44: 105. 1993 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#42.10.13= Discocactus crystallophilus Diers & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 32: 261. 1981 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#42.10.14= Discocactus pseudolatispinus Diers & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 38: 247. 1987 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Discocactus latispinus subsp. pseudolatispinus (Diers & Esteves) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 44: 105. 1993 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#42.10.15= Discocactus placentiformis subsp. multicolorispinus P.J.Braun & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 59: 212. 2008 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#42.10.16Discocactus multicolorispinus P.J.Braun & Brederoo in Kakteen And. Sukk. 32: 59. 1981, nom. inval. syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Discocactus placentiformis subsp. multicolorispinus (P.J.Braun & Brederoo) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 44(5): 105. 1993, nom. inval. syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#42.11.1 Discocactus pseudoinsignis N.P.Taylor & Zappi in Bradleya 9: 86. 1991. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#42.12.1 Discocactus zehntneri Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 218–219. 1922. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#42.12.1Echinocactus zehntneri (Britton & Rose) Luetzelb. in Estud. Bot. Nordéste 3: 111. 1926 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#42.12.2= Discocactus albispinus Buining & Brederoo in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 46: 253. 1974 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Discocactus zehntneri f. albispinus (Buining & Brederoo) Říha in Kaktusy (Brno) 19: 26-27. 1983 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Discocactus zehntneri var. albispinus (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun in Succulenta (Netherlands) 69: 215. 1990 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Discocactus zehntneri subsp. albispinus (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 46(3): 64. 1995 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Discocactus zehntneri subsp. alspinus (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 46(3): 64. 1995 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) [is misspelling for Discocactus zehntneri subsp. albispinus (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun & Esteves]

Syn.#42.12.3= Discocactus petr-halfari Zachar in Kaktusy (Brno) 44: 45. 2008 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Discocactus bahiensis subsp. petrhalfari (Zachar) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 59: 184. 2008 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#42.13.1 Discocactus zehntneri subsp. boomianus (Buining & Brederoo) N.P.Taylor & Zappi in Bradleya 9: 86. 1991. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#42.13.1Discocactus boomianus Buining & Brederoo in Succulenta (Netherlands) 50: 26. 1971 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Discocactus zehntneri var. boomianus (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun in Succulenta (Netherlands) 69: 218. 1990 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#42.13.2= Discocactus araneispinus Buining & Brederoo, Discocactus: 39. 1976 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Discocactus zehntneri var. araneispinus (Buining & Brederoo ex J.Theun.) P.J.Braun in Succulenta (Netherlands) 69: 215. 1990 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Discocactus zehntneri subsp. araneispinus (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 46: 64. 1995 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#42.13.3= Discocactus buenekeri W.R.Abraham in Kakteen And. Sukk. 38: 284. 1987 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Discocactus zehntneri subsp. buenekeri (W.R.Abraham) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 44: 64. 1993 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#42.13.4= Discocactus zehntneri var. horstiorum P.J.Braun in Succulenta (Netherlands) 69: 218. 1990 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Discocactus zehntneri subsp. horstiorum (P.J.Braun) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 46: 64. 1995 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#42.14.1 Discocactus zehntneri subsp. petr-halfarii (Zachar) M.R.Santos & M.C.Machado in Phytotaxa 207: 209. 2015. Sec. Santos & al. (2015)

Syn.#42.14.1Discocactus petr-halfarii Zachar in Kaktusy (Brno) 44: 45. 2008 syn. sec. Santos & al. (2015) Discocactus bahiensis subsp. petr-halfarii (Zachar) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 59: 184. 2008 syn. sec. Santos & al. (2015)

Acc.#42.15.1 Discocactus zehntneri subsp. zehntneri. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#43. Disocactus Lindl., Edwards's Bot. Reg. 31: t. 9. 1845. Sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Type: Disocactus biformis (Lindl.) Lindl.

Syn.#43.g1=Cereus subsect. Heliocereus A.Berger in Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 16: 78. 1905 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#43.0.1Heliocereus (A.Berger) Britton & Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 433. 1909 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017). Type: Heliocereus speciosus (Cav.) Britton & Rose

Syn.#43.0.2= Chiapasia Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 203. 1923 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017). Type: Chiapasia nelsonii (Britton & Rose) Britton & Rose

Syn.#43.0.3= Nopalxochia Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 204. 1923 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017). Type: Nopalxochia phyllanthoides (DC.) Britton & Rose

Syn.#43.0.4= Mediocereus Frič & Kreuz. in Kreuzinger, Verzeichnis Amer. Sukk. Rev. Syst. Kakteen: 19. 1935, nom. illeg. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#43.0.5= Trochilocactus Linding. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl., Abt. A, 61: 383. 1942 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017). Type: Trochilocactus eichlamii (Weing.) Linding.

Syn.#43.0.6= Bonifazia Standl. & Steyerm. in Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 66. 1944 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017). Type: Bonifazia quezalteca Standl. & Steyerm.

Syn.#43.0.7= Lobeira Alexander in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 16: 177. 1944 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017). Type: Lobeira macdougallii Alexander

Syn.#43.0.8= Pseudonopalxochia Backeb., Cactaceae 1: 69. 1958 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017). Type: Pseudonopalxochia conzattianum (T.MacDoug.) Backeb.

Syn.#43.0.9= ×Disheliocereus G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 37: 48. 1982 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#43.0.10= ×Disochia G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 37: 48. 1982 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016)

Notes. – Disocactus was newly circumscribed by Cruz & al. (2016) as the results of their phylogenetic study where Disocactus sensu Barthlott (1991) and Hunt (2006) was found as polyphyletic, with Aporocactus forming a separate lineage and Disocactus including three erstwhile Epiphyllum species. [Korotkova (2021)]

Acc.#43.1.1 Disocactus ackermannii (Haw.) Ralf Bauer in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 17: 15. 2003. Sec. Cruz & al. (2016)

Syn.#43.1.1Epiphyllum ackermannii Haw. in Philos. Mag. Ann. Chem. 6: 109. 1829 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Cactus ackermannii (Haw.) Lindl. in Edwards's Bot. Reg. 16: t. 1331. 1830 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Phyllocactus ackermannii (Haw.) Lindl., Edwards's Bot. Reg. 16: pl. 1331. 1830 Cereus ackermannii (Haw.) Otto ex Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 123. 1837 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Phyllocactus ackermannii (Haw.) Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck.: 38. 1841 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Nopalxochia ackermannii (Haw.) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 161. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Weberocereus ackermannii (Haw.) S.S.Ying, Coloured Ill. Fl. Taiwan 4: 309. 1992 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Heliocereus ackermannii (Haw.) Doweld in Sukkulenty 4(1-2): 42. 2002 ["2001"] syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Disocactus ackermannii var. ackermannii

Acc.#43.2.1 Disocactus ackermannii subsp. ackermannii. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#43.2.2= Phyllocactus weingartii A.Berger in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 30: 33. 1920 syn. sec. Bauer (2003)

Syn.#43.2.3= Epiphyllum ackermannii f. candidum Alexander in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 19: 58. 1947 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Disocactus ackermannii f. candidus (Alexander) Barthlott in Bradleya 9: 87. 1991 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016)

Acc.#43.3.1 Disocactus ackermannii subsp. conzattianus (T.MacDoug.) Ralf Bauer in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 17: 17. 2003. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#43.3.1Nopalxochia conzattianum T.MacDoug. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 19: 22. 1947 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Pseudonopalxochia conzattiana (T.MacDoug.) Backeb., Cactaceae 2: 757. 1959 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Nopalxochia ackermannii var. conzattianum (T.MacDoug.) Kimnach in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 53: 85. 1981 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Disocactus ackermannii var. conzattianus (T.MacDoug.) Barthlott in Bradleya 9: 87. 1991 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Heliocereus conzattianus (T.MacDoug.) Doweld in Sukkulenty 4(1-2): 42. 2002 ["2001"] syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Disocactus ackermannii subsp. conzattianus (T.MacDoug.) U.Guzmán in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 17. 2003 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Pseudonopalxochia conzattianum (T.MacDoug.) Backeb., Cactaceae 2: 757. 1959 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) [is orthographic variant for Pseudonopalxochia conzattiana (T.MacDoug.) Backeb.]

Acc.#43.4.1 Disocactus anguliger (Lem.) M.A.Cruz & S.Arias in Willdenowia 46(1): 157. 2016. Sec. Cruz & al. (2016)

Syn.#43.4.1Phyllocactus anguliger Lem. in Jard. Fleur. 1: t. 92. 1851 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Epiphyllum anguliger (Lem.) G.Don, Encycl. Pl., ed. 3: 1380. 1855 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016)

Syn.#43.4.2= Cereus mexicanus Lem. ex C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk.: 430. 1846 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Phyllocactus mexicanus (Lem. ex C.F.Först.) Salm-Dyck ex Labour., Monogr. Cact.: 429. 1853

Syn.#43.4.3= Phyllocactus angularis Lem. ex Labour., Monogr. Cact.: 671. 1853 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1923)

Syn.#43.4.4= Phyllocactus serratus Brongn. ex Labour., Monogr. Cact.: 417. 1853 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1923)

Syn.#43.4.5= Phyllocactus darrahii K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt., Nachtr. 1: 69. 1903 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Epiphyllum darrahii (K.Schum.) Britton & Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: 256. 1913 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016)

Syn.#43.4.6Phyllocactus angulifer G.Don, Encycl. Pl. Suppl. 2: 1380. 1855 syn. sec. TPL (2013) [is misspelling for Phyllocactus anguliger Lem.]

Acc.#43.5.1 Disocactus aurantiacus (Kimnach) Barthlott in Bradleya 9: 87. 1991. Sec. Cruz & al. (2016)

Syn.#43.5.1Heliocereus aurantiacus Kimnach in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 46: 67. 1974 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Disocactus speciosus subsp. aurantiacus (Kimnach) Ralf Bauer in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 17: 16. 2003 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016)

Acc.#43.6.1 Disocactus biformis (Lindl.) Lindl. in Edwards's Bot. Reg. 31: t. 9. 1845. Sec. Cruz & al. (2016)

Syn.#43.6.1Cereus biformis Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 29: misc. 51. 1843 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Disisocactus biformis (Lindl.) Kunze in Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 3: 533. 1845 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Phyllocactus biformis (Lindl.) Labour., Monogr. Cact.: 418. 1853 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Epiphyllum biformis (Lindl.) G.Don, Encycl. Pl. new ed., Suppl. 2: 1378. 1855 syn. sec. TPL (2013) Epiphyllum biforme (Lindl.) G.Don, Encycl. Pl., ed. 3: 1378. 1855 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) [is orthographic variant for Epiphyllum biformis (Lindl.) G.Don]

Syn.#43.6.2= Cereus biformis Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 114. 1837 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#43.6.3Disisocactus biformis Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 57. 1850, nom. inval. syn. sec. IPNI: 18 sept 2020

Acc.#43.7.1 Disocactus crenatus (Lindl.) M.A.Cruz & S.Arias in Willdenowia 46(1): 157. 2016. Sec. Cruz & al. (2016)

Syn.#43.7.1Cereus crenatus Lindl. in Edwards's Bot. Reg. 30: t. 31. 1844 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Phyllocactus crenatus (Lindl.) Lem. in Hort. Universel 6: 87. 1845 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Phyllocactus crenatus (Lindl.) Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 5: 820. 1846 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Epiphyllum crenatum (Lindl.) G.Don, Encycl. Pl., ed. 3: 1378. 1855 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Epiphyllum crenatum subsp. crenatum syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Epiphyllum crenatum var. crenatum syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016)

Syn.#43.7.2= Phyllocactus caulorhizus Lem., Jard. FIeur. 1(Misc.): 6. 1851 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Epiphyllum caulorhizum (Lem.) G.Don, Encycl. Pl., new ed., Suppl. 2: 1380. 1855 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#43.8.1 Disocactus crenatus subsp. crenatus. Sec. Cruz & al. (2016)

Syn.#43.8.2= Phyllocactus caulorrhizus Lem. in Jard. Fleur. 1: misc. 6. 1851 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Epiphyllum caulorrhizum (Lem.) G.Don, Encycl. Pl., ed. 3: 1380. 1855 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016)

Acc.#43.9.1 Disocactus crenatus subsp. kimnachii (Bravo ex Kimnach) M.A.Cruz & S.Arias in Willdenowia 46(1): 157. 2016. Sec. Cruz & al. (2016)

Syn.#43.9.1Epiphyllum crenatum var. kimnachii Bravo ex Kimnach in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 39: 207. 1967 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Marniera macroptera var. kimnachii (Bravo ex Kimnach) Backeb., Kakteenlex.: 459. 1966 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Epiphyllum crenatum subsp. kimnachii (Bravo ex Kimnach) U.Guzmán in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 17. 2003 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016)

Syn.#43.9.2= Phyllocactus cooperi Regel in Gartenflora 33: 357. 1884 syn. sec. Bauer (2003) Epiphyllum cooperi (Regel) Clover, Hort. Sec.: 281. 1941 syn. sec. Bauer (2003)

Syn.#43.9.3= Phyllocactus pfersdorffii Rümpler, Sukkulenten: 155. 1892 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#43.9.4= Phyllocactus hildmannii Hildm. in Gartenflora 44: 633. 1895 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) ×Rowleyara hildmannii (Hildm.) P.V.Heath in Calyx 1: 49. 1992 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#43.9.5Phyllocactus londonii Haage ex Labour., Monogr. Cact.: 429. 1853, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#43.10.1 Disocactus eichlamii (Weing.) Britton & Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: 259. 1913. Sec. Cruz & al. (2016)

Syn.#43.10.1Phyllocactus eichlamii Weing. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 21: 5. 1911 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Trochilocactus eichlamii (Weing.) Linding. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 61: 383. 1942 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Epiphyllum eichlamii (Weing.) L.O.Williams in Fieldiana, Bot. 29: 378. 1962 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016)

Acc.#43.11.1 Disocactus kimnachii G.D.Rowley in Brit. Cact. Succ. J. 5: 84. 1987. Sec. Bauer (2003)

Syn.#43.11.1Nopalxochia horichii Kimnach in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 56: 6. 1984 syn. sec. Bauer (2003)

Acc.#43.12.1 Disocactus lepidocarpus (F.A.C.Weber) M.A.Cruz & S.Arias in Willdenowia 46(1): 157. 2016. Sec. Cruz & al. (2016)

Syn.#43.12.1Phyllocactus lepidocarpus F.A.C.Weber in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 8: 462. 1902 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Epiphyllum lepidocarpum (F.A.C.Weber) Britton & Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: 257. 1913 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016)

Acc.#43.13.1 Disocactus lodei Veliz, L.Velásquez & R.Puente in Cact.-Avent. Int. 104: 2. 2014. Sec. Cruz & al. (2016)

Syn.#43.13.1Heliocereus lodei (Véliz, L.Velásquez & R.Puente) Véliz in Int. Cact. Advent. 105: 33. 2014 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Acc.#43.14.1 Disocactus macdougallii (Alexander) Barthlott in Bradleya 9: 88. 1991. Sec. Cruz & al. (2016)

Syn.#43.14.1Lobeira macdougallii Alexander in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 16: 178. 1944 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Heliocereus macdougallii (Alexander) Doweld in Sukkulenty 4(1-2): 42. 2002 ["2001"] syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Nopalxochia macdougallii (Alexander) W.T.Marshall in Cactus (Paris) 4: 6. 1946 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Nopalopuntia macdougallii (Alexander) Bravo in Cact. Suc. Mex. 17(4): 119. 1972 syn. sec. Tropicos [is misspelling for Nopalxochia macdougallii (Alexander) Bravo] Nopalxochia macdougallii (Alexander) Bravo in Cact. Suc. Mex. 17 (4): 119. 1972 syn. sec. Tropicos: 21 feb 2021 [is later isonym of Nopalxochia macdougallii (Alexander) W.T.Marshall]

Notes. – Tropicos refers to an incorrect combination (https://www.tropicos.org/name/50071225). The correct combination is: Nopalxochia macdougallii (Alexander) Bravo in Cact. Suc. Mex. 17 (4): 119. 1972 [Arias (2021)]

Acc.#43.15.1 Disocactus macranthus (Alexander) Kimnach & Hutchison in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 29: 78. 1957. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#43.15.1Pseudorhipsalis macrantha Alexander in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 14: 20. 1942 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Disisorhipsalis macrantha (Alexander) Doweld in Sukkulenty 4(1-2): 40. 2002 ["2001"] syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016)

Syn.#43.15.2= Disocactus macranthus var. glaucocladus Ewald in Epiphytes 13(52): 107. 1989 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016)

Acc.#43.16.1 Disocactus nelsonii (Britton & Rose) Linding. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 61(3): 383. 1942. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#43.16.1Epiphyllum nelsonii Britton & Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: 257. 1913 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Phyllocactus nelsonii (Britton & Rose) Vaupel in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 116. 1913 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Chiapasia nelsonii (Britton & Rose) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 203. 1923 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Disocactus nelsonii var. nelsonii

Acc.#43.17.1 Disocactus nelsonii subsp. hondurensis (Kimnach) Doweld in Sukkulenty 4(1-2): 41. 2002 ["2001"]. Sec. Cruz & al. (2016)

Syn.#43.17.1Disocactus nelsonii var. hondurensis Kimnach in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 37: 33. 1965 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Chiapasia nelsonii var. hondurensis (Kimnach) Backeb. syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016)

Acc.#43.18.1 Disocactus nelsonii subsp. nelsonii. Sec. Cruz & al. (2016)

Syn.#43.18.2= Phyllocactus chiapensis J.A.Purpus in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 28: 118. 1918 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016)

Acc.#43.19.1 Disocactus phyllanthoides (DC.) Barthlott in Bradleya 9: 88. 1991. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#43.19.1Cactus phyllanthoides DC., Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp.: 84. 1813 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Epiphyllum phyllanthoides (DC.) Sweet, Hort. Brit. 1: 172. 1826 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Cereus phyllanthoides (DC.) DC., Prodr. 3: 469. 1828 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Phyllocactus phyllanthoides (DC.) Link, Handbuch 2: 11. 1829 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Nopalxochia phyllanthoides (DC.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 205. 1923 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Heliocereus phyllanthoides (DC.) Doweld in Sukkulenty 4(1-2): 42. 2002 ["2001"] syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016)

Syn.#43.19.2= Cactus elegans Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 25. 1822 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1923)

Syn.#43.19.3= Cereus phyllanthoides var. curtisii Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck.: 65. 1834 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1923)

Syn.#43.19.4= Cereus phyllanthoides var. jenkinsonii Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck.: 65. 1834 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1923)

Syn.#43.19.5= Cereus phyllanthoides var. quillardieri Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck.: 65. 1834 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1923)

Syn.#43.19.6= Cereus phyllanthoides var. vandesii Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck.: 65. 1834 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1923)

Syn.#43.19.7= Cereus phyllanthoides var. albiflorus Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 124. 1837 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1923)

Syn.#43.19.8= Opuntia speciosa Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2(2-5): 222. 1841 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1923)

Syn.#43.19.9= Phyllocactus plukenetii Kostel., Index Seminum Pragensis 1844: 104. 1844, nom. illeg. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#43.20.1 Disocactus quezaltecus (Standl. & Steyerm.) Kimnach in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 31: 137. 1959. Sec. Cruz & al. (2016)

Syn.#43.20.1Bonifazia quezalteca Standl. & Steyerm. in Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 66. 1944 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Epiphyllum quezaltecum (Standl. & Steyerm.) L.O.Williams in Fieldiana, Bot. 29: 378. 1962 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016)

Acc.#43.21.1 Disocactus salvadorensis Cerén, Menjívar & S.Arias in Novon 25(2): 140. 2017. Sec. Cerén & al. (2017)

Acc.#43.22.1 Disocactus speciosus (Cav.) Barthlott in Bradleya 9: 87. 1991. Sec. Cruz & al. (2016)

Syn.#43.22.1Cactus speciosus Cav. in Anales Ci. Univ. Madrid 6: 339. 1803 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Cereus speciosus Cav. in Anales Ci. Univ. Madrid 6: 339. 1803 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Epiphyllum speciosum (Cav.) Haw., Suppl. Pl. Succ.: 84. 1819 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Cereus speciosus (Cav.) Sweet, Hort. Brit.: 172. 1826 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cereus speciosus (Cav.) K.Schum. ex Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(6a): 179. 1894 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Heliocereus speciosus (Cav.) Britton & Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 434. 1909 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016)

Syn.#43.22.2= Cereus bifrons Haw., Suppl. Pl. Succ.: 76. 1819 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#43.22.3= Cereus jenkinsonii Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 2: 237. 1830 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#43.22.4= ?Cereus setiger Haw. in Philos. Mag. Ann. Chem. 9: 109. 1830 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#43.22.5= Cereus hybridus Otto in Allg. Gartenzeitung 1: 72. 1833 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#43.22.6= Cereus coccineus Engelm., Pl. Fendler.: 51. 1849 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#43.22.7= Cereus lateritius Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 53. 1850 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#43.22.8= Cereus speciosus var. coccineus K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 154. 1897 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#43.23.1 Disocactus speciosus subsp. bierianus Ralf Bauer in EPIG 60: 31. 2008. Sec. Cruz & al. (2016)

Acc.#43.24.1 Disocactus speciosus subsp. blomianus (Kimnach) Ralf Bauer in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 17: 15. 2003. Sec. Cruz & al. (2016)

Syn.#43.24.1Heliocereus aurantiacus var. blomianus Kimnach in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 62: 270. 1990 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Disocactus aurantiacus var. blomianus (Kimnach) E.Meier in Kakteen And. Sukk. 48: 7. 1997 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016)

Acc.#43.25.1 Disocactus speciosus subsp. cinnabarinus (Eichlam ex Weing.) Ralf Bauer in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 17: 15. 2003. Sec. Cruz & al. (2016)

Syn.#43.25.1Cereus cinnabarinus Eichlam ex Weing. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 20: 161. 1910 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Heliocereus cinnabarinus (Eichlam ex Weing.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 129. 1920 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Disocactus cinnabarinus (Eichlam ex Weing.) Barthlott in Bradleya 9: 87. 1991 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016)

Acc.#43.26.1 Disocactus speciosus subsp. heterodoxus (Standl. & Steyerm.) M.A.Cruz & S.Arias in Willdenowia 46(1): 157. 2016. Sec. Cruz & al. (2016)

Syn.#43.26.1Heliocereus heterodoxus Standl. & Steyerm. in Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 67. 1944 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016)

Acc.#43.27.1 Disocactus speciosus subsp. speciosus. Sec. Cruz & al. (2016)

Syn.#43.27.2= Cactus speciosissimus Desf. in Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 3: 193. 1817 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Cereus speciosissimus (Desf.) Sweet, Hort. Brit.: 171. 1826 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cereus speciosissimus (Desf.) DC., Prodr. 3: 468. 1828, nom. illeg. syn. sec. Berendsohn (2020) [non Cereus speciosissimus (Desf.) Sweet] Heliocereus speciosissimus (Desf.) Y.Itô, Cacti, ed. 2: 146. 1952 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016)

Syn.#43.27.3= Cereus schrankii Zucc. ex Seitz in Allg. Gartenzeitung 2: 244. 1834 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Heliocereus schrankii (Zucc. ex Seitz) Britton & Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 434. 1909 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Disocactus schrankii (Zucc. ex Seitz) Barthlott in Bradleya 9: 87. 1991 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Heliocereus schrankii subsp. schrankii syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#43.27.4= Cereus coccineus Salm-Dyck ex Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 122. 1837 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Heliocereus coccineus Britton & Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 433. 1909 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Heliocereus elegantissimus Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 127. 1920, nom. illeg. syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Cereus elegantissimus A.Berger, Kakteen: 131. 1929, nom. illeg. syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Heliocereus schrankii var. elegantissimus (Britton & Rose) Backeb., Cactaceae 4: 2121. 1960 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Heliocereus speciosus var. elegantissimus (Britton & Rose) Backeb., Cactaceae 4: 3232. 1960 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016)

Syn.#43.27.5= Cereus superbus Ehrenb. in Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 4: 324. 1846 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Heliocereus superbus (Ehrenb.) A.Berger, Kakteen: 131, 341. 1929 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Heliocereus speciosus var. superbus (Ehrenb.) Backeb., Cactaceae 4: 2120. 1960 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016)

Syn.#43.27.6= Cereus amecamensis Heese in Rother, Prakt. Ratgeber Obst-Gartenbau 11: 442. 1896 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Heliocereus amecamensis (Heese) Britton & Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 433. 1909 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Cereus speciosus var. amecamensis (Heese) Weing. in Berger, Kakteen: 131. 1929 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Heliocereus speciosus var. amecamensis (Heese) Bravo in Cact. Suc. Mex. 19: 47. 1974 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Disocactus speciosus f. amecamensis (Heese) Barthlott in Bradleya 9: 87. 1991 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Heliocereus speciosus subsp. amecamensis (Heese) Doweld in Sukkulenty 4(1-2): 41. 2002 ["2001"] syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Heliocereus speciosus var. amecamensis (Heese) Weing. in Berger, Kakteen: 131. 1929 syn. sec. Tropicos: 21 feb 2021 Heliocereus speciosus subsp. amecamensis (Heese) U.Guzmán in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 17. 2003, nom. inval. syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016)

Syn.#43.27.7= Cereus amecaensis Heese, Hesdörffers Monatsh. Blumen-Gartenfr. 1: 317. 1897 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016)

Syn.#43.27.8= ?Cereus ruber Weing. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 15: 22. 1905 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#43.27.9= Cereus serratus Weing. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 22: 185. 1912 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Heliocereus serratus (Weing.) Borg, Cacti, ed. 2: 176. 1951 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Heliocereus speciosus var. serratus (Weing.) Backeb., Cactaceae 4: 2121. 1960 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016)

Syn.#43.27.10= Heliocereus elegantissimus var. helenae Scheinvar in Phytologia 49: 317. 1981 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Heliocereus schrankii var. helenae (Scheinvar) Kimnach in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 68: 217. 1996 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Heliocereus elegantissimus subsp. helenae (Scheinvar) Doweld in Sukkulenty 4(1-2): 41. 2002 ["2001"] syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Heliocereus schrankii subsp. helenae (Scheinvar) Doweld in Sukkulenty 4: 42. 2002 ["2001"] syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#43.27.11= Heliocereus luzmariae Scheinvar in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 57: 268. 1985 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Heliocereus schrankii subsp. luzmariae (Scheinvar) U.Guzmán in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 17. 2003 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016)

Syn.#43.27.12= Heliocereus elegantissimus var. stenopetalus Bravo ex S.Arias, U.Guzmán & Gama in Cact. Suc. Mex. 37: 72. 1992 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Heliocereus schrankii var. stenopetalus (Bravo ex S.Arias, U.Guzmán & Gama) Kimnach in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 68: 217. 1996 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Heliocereus elegantissimus subsp. stenopetalus (Bravo ex S.Arias, U.Guzmán & Gama) Doweld in Sukkulenty 4(1-2): 41. 2002 ["2001"] syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Heliocereus schrankii subsp. stenopetalus (Bravo ex S.Arias, U.Guzmán & Gama) U.Guzmán in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 17. 2003 syn. sec. Cruz & al. (2016) Heliocereus elegantissimus var. stenopetalum Bravo ex S.Arias, U.Guzmán & Gama in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 37(3): 72. 1992 syn. sec. TPL (2013) [is orthographic variant for Heliocereus elegantissimus var. stenopetalus Bravo ex S.Arias, U.Guzmán & Gama]

Acc.#44. Echinocactus Link & Otto in Verh. Vereins. Beförd. Gartenbaues Königl. Preuss. Staaten 3: 420. 1827. Sec. Vargas-Luna & al. (2018) Type: Echinocactus platyacanthus Link & Otto

Syn.#44.g1= Echinofossulocactus Lawr. in Gard. Mag. & Reg. Rural Domest. Improv. 17: 317. 1841 syn. sec. Vargas-Luna & al. (2018). Type: Echinofossulocactus helophorus (Lem.) Lawr.

Syn.#44.0.13= Brittonrosea Speg. in Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 96: 69. 1923 syn. sec. Vargas-Luna & al. (2018)

Syn.#44.0.14= Emorycactus Doweld in Succulenta (Netherlands) 75: 270. 1996 syn. sec. Vargas-Luna & al. (2018). Type: Emorycactus polycephalus (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) Doweld

Syn.#44.0.15= Meyerocactus Doweld in Succulenta (Netherlands) 75: 271. 1996 syn. sec. Vargas-Luna & al. (2018). Type: Meyerocactus horizonthalonius (Lem.) Doweld

Notes. – Phylogenetics: Echinocactus turns out to be paraphyletic in recent molecular studies (Bárcenas & al. 2011; HernándezHernández & al. 2011; Vázquez-Sánchez & al. 2013), with E. grusonii Hildm. resolved in a separate clade from the remaining four species. Vargas-Luna & al. (2018) showed that Echinocactus s.l. was paraphyletic with Astrophytum nested within, and E. grusonii resolved as sister to Ferocactus. They re-circumscribed Echinocactus to reflect this well-supported topology and also showed morphological characters to recognize two genera, Echinocactus s.s., and Homalocephala. It is clear that the monotypic Kroenleinia grusonii is not a member of Echinocactus, however, its distinction from Ferocactus is not entirely clear. See Kroenleinia. [Majure (2021)]

Acc.#44.1.1 Echinocactus ×contractus Hildm. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 1: 15. 1891. Sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#44.1.1Echinocactus ×constrictus Hildm., nom. inval. syn. sec. TPL (2013)

Acc.#44.2.1 Echinocactus horizonthalonius Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 19–20. 1839. Sec. Hernández & Gómez-Hinostrosa (2011)

Syn.#44.2.1Meyerocactus horizonthalonius (Lem.) Doweld in Succulenta (Netherlands) 75(6): 271. 1996 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocactus horizonthalonius subsp. horizonthalonius

Syn.#44.2.2= Echinocactus equitans Scheidw. in Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 6: 88. 1839 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#44.2.3= Echinocactus horizontalis C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk.: 327. 1846 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#44.2.4= Echinocactus pachycornis Muehlenpf. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 14: 371. 1846 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#44.2.5= Echinocactus horizonthalonius var. curvispinus Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 146. 1850 syn. sec. Tropicos Echinocactus horizonthalonius f. curvispinus (Salm-Dyck) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 146. 1907 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#44.2.6= Echinocactus horizonthalonius var. centrispinus Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 276. 1856 syn. sec. Tropicos Echinocactus horizonthalonius f. centrispinus (Engelm.) Schelle, Kakteen: 186. 1926 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#44.2.7= Echinocactus laticostatus Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow in Pacif. Railr. Rep. Parke, Bot. 4: 32. 1857 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#44.2.8= Echinocactus horizonthalonius var. obscurispinus Rud.Mey. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 21: 181. 1911 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus horizonthalonius f. obscurispinus (Rud.Mey.) Schelle, Kakteen: 186. 1926 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#44.2.9= Echinocactus horizonthalonius var. equitans Schmoll in Cat. 1947 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#44.2.10= Echinocactus horizonthalonius var. laticostatus Schmoll in Cat. 1947 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#44.2.11= Echinocactus horizonthalonius var. subikii Staník & Dráb in Cactaceae etc. 8(1): 8. 1998 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#44.2.12= Echinocactus horizonthalonius subsp. jarmilae Halda & Horáček in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 7: 34. 2000 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#44.2.13= Echinocactus horizonthalonius subsp. diabolicus Halda, L.Vacek & Vaško in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 13: 1. 2006 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#44.3.1 Echinocactus horizonthalonius var. horizonthalonius. Sec. Hernández & Gómez-Hinostrosa (2011)

Acc.#44.4.1 Echinocactus horizonthalonius var. nicholii L.D.Benson, Cacti Ariz., ed. 3: 23. 1969. Sec. Hernández & Gómez-Hinostrosa (2011)

Syn.#44.4.1Meyerocactus horizonthalonius subsp. nicholii (L.D.Benson) Doweld in Sukkulenty 1(2): 27. 1999 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocactus horizonthalonius subsp. nicholii (L.D.Benson) U.Guzmán in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 17. 2003

Acc.#44.5.1 Echinocactus platyacanthus Link & Otto in Verh. Vereins Beförd. Gartenbaues Königl. Preuss. Staaten 3: 423. 1827. Sec. Hernández & Gómez-Hinostrosa (2011)

Syn.#44.5.1Melocactus platyacanthus Link & Otto in Verh. Vereins Beförd. Gartenbaues Königl. Preuss. Staaten 3: t. 14. 1827 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#44.5.2= Echinocactus tuberculatus Link & Otto in Verh. Vereins Beförd. Gartenbaues Königl. Preuss. Staaten 3: 425. 1827 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#44.5.3= Melocactus tuberculatus Link & Otto in Verh. Vereins Beförd. Gartenbaues Königl. Preuss. Staaten 3: t. 26. 1827 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#44.5.4= Echinocactus tuberculatus var. spiralis DC. in Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 115. 1828 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#44.5.5= Echinocactus ingens Zucc. ex Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 54. 1837 syn. sec. Vargas-Luna & al. (2018) Melocactus ingens Karw. ex Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 54. 1837 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#44.5.6= Echinocactus karwinskii Zucc. ex Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 50. 1837 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#44.5.7= Echinocactus oligacanthus Mart. ex Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 53. 1837 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#44.5.8= Echinocactus minax Lem., Cact. Aliq. Nov.: 18. 1838 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#44.5.9= Echinocactus platyceras Lem., Cact. Aliq. Nov.: 19. 1838 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#44.5.10= Echinocactus arachnoideus Scheidw. in Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 6: 90. 1839 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#44.5.11= Echinocactus aulacogonus Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 14. 1839 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus aulacogonus var. diacopaulax Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 15. 1839 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus ingens f. aulocogonus (Lem.) Schelle, Kakteen: 189. 1926 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#44.5.12= Echinocactus ghiesbreghtianus Lem., Hort. Universel 1: 227. 1839 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#44.5.13= Echinocactus helophorus Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 12. 1839 syn. sec. Vargas-Luna & al. (2018) Echinofossulocactus helophorus (Lem.) Lawr. in Gard. Mag. (London) 17: 318. 1841 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus ingens var. helophorus (Lem.) K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 317. 1898 syn. sec. WFO 2019 Echinocactus ingens f. helophorus (Lem.) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 149. 1907 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#44.5.14= Echinocactus helophorus var. laevior Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 13. 1839 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#44.5.15= Echinocactus helophorus var. longifossulatus Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 13. 1839 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#44.5.16= Echinocactus irroratus Scheidw. in Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 6: 90. 1839 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#44.5.17= Echinocactus macracanthus de Vriese in Tijdschr. Nat. Geschied. 6: 49. 1839 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#44.5.18= Echinocactus minax var. laevior Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 86. 1839 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#44.5.19= Echinofossulocactus karwinskianus Lawr. in Gard. Mag. (London) 17: 318. 1841 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#44.5.20= Echinofossulocactus platyceras (Lem.) Lawr. in Gard. Mag. (London) 17: 318. 1841 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#44.5.21= Echinocactus visnaga Hook. in Gard. Chron. 1845: 133. 1845 syn. sec. Vargas-Luna & al. (2018) Echinocactus platyacanthus f. visnaga (Hook.) Bravo in Cact. Suc. Mex. 25: 65. 1980 syn. sec. Vargas-Luna & al. (2018) Echinocactus viznaga Hook. in Gard. Chron. 1845: 133. 1845 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocactus ingens f. viznaga (Hook.) Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3, 1: 372. 1894 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus ingens var. viznaga (Hook.) K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 317. 1898 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#44.5.22= Echinocactus edulis Haage ex C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk.: 346. 1846 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#44.5.23= Echinocactus platyceras var. laevior C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk.: 325. 1846 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#44.5.24= Echinocactus platyceras var. minax Salm-Dyck ex C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk.: 324. 1846 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#44.5.25= Echinocactus macracanthus Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 26. 1850 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Copiapoa macracantha (Salm-Dyck) Meregalli in Piante Grasse 11(4): 38. 1992 ["1991"] syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#44.5.26= Echinocactus oligacanthus Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 31. 1850 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#44.5.27= Echinocactus saltillensis Poselg. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 21: 101. 1853 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus ingens var. saltillensis (Poselg.) K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 317. 1898 syn. sec. Tropicos Echinocactus ingens f. saltillensis (Poselg.) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 149. 1907 syn. sec. WFO 2019 Coryphantha poselgeriana var. saltillensis (Poselg.) L.Bremer in Cact. Suc. Mex. 22: 16. 1977 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#44.5.28= Echinocactus karwinskianus Burkart in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 1: 126. 1891 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#44.5.29= Echinocactus ingens var. subinermis K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 317. 1898 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#44.5.30= Echinocactus grandis Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 10: 126. 1906 syn. sec. Vargas-Luna & al. (2018) Echinocactus platyacanthus f. grandis (Rose) Bravo in Cact. Suc. Mex. 25: 64. 1980 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#44.5.31= Echinocactus ingens var. grandis Speg. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 17: 116. 1907 syn. sec. Vargas-Luna & al. (2018)

Syn.#44.5.32= Echinocactus palmeri Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 290. 1909 syn. sec. Vargas-Luna & al. (2018) Echinocactus platyacanthus var. palmeri (Rose) H.P.Kelsey & Dayton, Standard. Pl. Names, ed. 2: 70. 1942 syn. sec. Vargas-Luna & al. (2018)

Syn.#44.5.33= Echinocactus grandis subsp. polycormus Říha & Tabasco in Kaktusy (Brno) 33: 81. 1997 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus grandis f. polycormus Říha & Tabasco in Kaktusy (Brno) 33: 81. 1997 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Acc.#45. Echinocereus Engelm., Mem. Tour N. Mexico: 91. 1848. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018) Type: Echinocereus viridiflorus Engelm.

Syn.#45.g1= Wilcoxia Britton & Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 434. 1909 syn. sec. Hunt (2006). Type: Wilcoxia poselgeri (Lem.) Britton & Rose

Notes. – Phylogenetics: Phylogenetic analyses using cpDNA (Sánchez & al. 2014) showed the monophyly of Echinocereus but excluding E. pensilis J.A.Purpus. Echinocereus pensilis was segregated as the monotypic genus Morangaya G.D.Rowley as sister to Stenocereus (A.Berger) Riccob., Myrtillocactus Console, Escontria Rose, and Polaskia Backeb. The monophyly of Echinocereus has been corroborated by the analysis of morphological characters (Sánchez & al. 2015, 2018). Echinocereus is one of the most diverse lineages of the family and species delimitation is often challenging due to extreme morphological variation in some species complexes. [Sánchez (2021)]

Acc.#45.1.1 Echinocereus acanthosetus (S.Arias & U.Guzmán) Gómez-Quintero & Dan.Sánchez in Brittonia 72 (4): 446. 2020. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2020)

Syn.#45.1.1Echinocereus pulchellus var. acanthosetus S.Arias & U.Guzmán, Fl. Valle Tehuacán-Cuicatlán 14 (Cactac.): 63. 1997 syn. sec. Sánchez & al. (2020) Echinocereus pulchellus subsp. acanthosetus (S.Arias & U.Guzmán) W.Blum, Echinocereus: 259. 1998 syn. sec. Sánchez & al. (2020)

Acc.#45.2.1 Echinocereus acifer (Otto ex Salm-Dyck) Jacobi in Allg. Gartenzeitung 24: 109. 1856. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.2.1Cereus acifer Otto ex Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 189. 1850 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021) Echinocereus acifer (Otto ex Salm-Dyck) J.N.Haage in Cacteen Verz.: 19. 1859 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021) Echinocereus acifer (Otto ex Salm-Dyck) Lem. in Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 798. 1885 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021) Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. acifer (Otto ex Salm-Dyck) Bravo in Cact. Suc. Mex. 23: 66. 1978 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021) Echinocereus polyacanthus subsp. acifer (Otto ex Salm-Dyck) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 9. 1997 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021) Echinocereus triglochidiatus subsp. acifer (Otto ex Salm-Dyck) U.Guzmán in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 17. 2003 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021) Echinocereus acifer subsp. acifer syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Syn.#45.2.2= Echinopsis valida var. densa Regel in Gartenflora 1: 295. 1852 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021) Echinocereus polyacanthus var. densus (Regel) N.P.Taylor in Kew Mag. 1: 159. 1984 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Syn.#45.2.3= Echinocereus acifer var. brevispinulus Jacobi in Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 798. 1885 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.2.4= Echinocereus acifer var. tenuispinus Jacobi in Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 798. 1885 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.2.5= Echinocereus acifer var. trichacanthus Hildm. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 1: 44. 1891 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.2.6= Echinocereus acifer subsp. tubiflorus W.Rischer, Echinocereus Monogr.: 1. 1998 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Syn.#45.2.7= Echinocereus acifer subsp. ventanensis W.Rischer in Echinocereenfreund 22: 63. 2009 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Acc.#45.3.1 Echinocereus adustus Engelm., Mem. Tour N. Mexico: 104. 1848. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.3.1Cereus adustus (Engelm.) Engelm., Pl. Fendler.: 50. 1849 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021) Cereus pectinatus f. adustus (Engelm.) Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn, ed. 3, 1: 278. 1894 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021) Echinocereus pectinatus var. adustus (Engelm.) K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 271. 1898 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Notes. – The three subspecies of E. adustus show variation in the number and length of both central and radial spines, and have minor differences in flowers and fruits. Echinocereus adustus subsp. roemerianus represents the most different taxon of them. [Sánchez (2021)]

Acc.#45.4.1 Echinocereus adustus subsp. adustus. Sec. Rischer & Blum (2014)

Syn.#45.4.2= Echinocereus radians Engelm., Mem. Tour N. Mexico: 104. 1848 syn. sec. Rischer & Blum (2014) Cereus adustus var. radians (Engelm.) J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3(7): 387. 1896 syn. sec. Rischer & Blum (2014)

Syn.#45.4.3= Echinocereus rufispinus Engelm., Mem. Tour N. Mexico: 104. 1848 syn. sec. Rischer & Blum (2014) Cereus rufispinus (Engelm.) Engelm., Pl. Fendler.: 50. 1849 syn. sec. Rischer & Blum (2014) Cereus pectinatus f. rufispinus (Engelm.) Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3, 1: 378. 1894 syn. sec. Rischer & Blum (2014)

Acc.#45.5.1 Echinocereus adustus subsp. roemerianus W.Rischer in Echinocereenfreund 16: 44. 2003. Sec. Rischer & Blum (2014)

Acc.#45.6.1 Echinocereus adustus subsp. schwarzii (A.B.Lau) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 8. 1997. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#45.6.1Echinocereus schwarzii A.B.Lau in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 54(1): 28. 1982 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocereus adustus var. schwarzii (A.B.Lau) N.P.Taylor in Kew Mag. 2: 268. 1985 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#45.6.2= Echinocereus madrensis Patoni in Alianza Cient. Univ. 1: 42. 1910 syn. sec. Rischer & Blum (2014)

Acc.#45.7.1 Echinocereus arizonicus Rose ex Orcutt in Cactography 1: 3. 1926. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.7.1Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. arizonicus (Rose ex Orcutt) L.D.Benson, Cacti Ariz., ed. 3: 21. 1969 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Echinocereus coccineus var. arizonicus (Rose ex Orcutt) D.J.Ferguson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 61: 221. 1989 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003)

Acc.#45.8.1 Echinocereus arizonicus subsp. arizonicus. Sec. Baker (2006)

Syn.#45.8.2= Echinocereus arizonicus subsp. oldachiorum W.Blum & P.B.Breslin in Echinocereenfreund Sonderausg. 31: 371. 2018 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Notes. – Blum & Breslin (2018) described the new new subspcies E. arizonicus subsp. oldachiorum. The authors mention that this new taxon has a shorter seed length, but there are no statistical tests or any other evidence to support this taxon as distinct. The number of ribs and spines, as well as the spine length are shared with the typical E. arizonicus. [Sánchez (2021)]

Acc.#45.9.1 Echinocereus arizonicus subsp. matudae (Bravo) Rutow in Echinocereenfreund 7: 54. 1994. Sec. Baker (2006)

Syn.#45.9.1Echinocereus matudae Bravo in Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 31: 119. 1961

Acc.#45.10.1 Echinocereus arizonicus subsp. nigrihorridispinus W.Blum & Rutow, Echinocereus Monogr.: 3. 1998. Sec. Baker (2006)

Acc.#45.11.1 Echinocereus barthelowanus Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 41. 1922. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Acc.#45.12.1 Echinocereus berlandieri (Engelm.) Haage, Preisverzeichniss Cact. Succ.: 19. 1859. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.12.1Cereus berlandieri Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 286. 1856 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003)

Syn.#45.12.2= Cereus blanckii Poselg. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 21: 134. 1853 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021) Echinocereus blanckii (Poselg.) Palmer in Rev. Hort. 37: 92. 1865 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021) Echinocereus berlandieri var. blanckii (Poselg.) P.Fourn., Cactées Pl. Grasses: 21. 1935 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Syn.#45.12.3= Echinocereus poselgerianus Linke in Allg. Gartenzeitung 25: 239. 1857 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Cereus poselgerianus (Linke) A.Berger in Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 16: 80. 1905 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021) Echinocereus berlandieri var. poselgerianus (Linke) Lodé in Cact. Avent. 16: 17. 1992 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#45.12.4= Echinocereus blanckii var. angusticeps L.D.Benson syn. sec. Tropicos

Acc.#45.13.1 Echinocereus blumii D.Felix & H.Bauer, Echinocereus Sekt. Echinocereus: 221. 2012. Sec. Blum & al. (2012)

Notes. – See under Echinocereus neocapillus. [Sánchez (2021)]

Acc.#45.14.1 Echinocereus bonkerae Thornber & Bonker, Fantast. Clan: 71–73. 1932. Sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003)

Syn.#45.14.1Echinocereus fendleri var. bonkerae (Thornber & Bonker) L.D.Benson in Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4, 25: 260. 1944 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Echinocereus boyce-thompsonii var. bonkerae (Thornber & Bonker) Peebles in Leafl. W. Bot. 5(12): 192. 1949 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Echinocereus fasciculatus var. bonkerae (Thornber & Bonker) L.D.Benson, Cacti Ariz., ed. 3: 22. 1969 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocereus fasciculatus subsp. bonkerae (Thornber & Bonker) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 8. 1997 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003)

Acc.#45.15.1 Echinocereus bonkerae subsp. apachensis (W.Blum & Rutow) A.D.Zimmerman in Haseltonia 15: 120. 2009. Sec. Baker & al. (2009)

Syn.#45.15.1Echinocereus apachensis W.Blum & Rutow, Echinocereus: 101. 1998 syn. sec. Baker & al. (2009)

Notes. – Echinocereus bonkerae subsp. apachensis differs from typical E. bonkerae in spininess; however, intermediate spine forms are highly variable (Baker & al. 2009). [Sánchez (2021)]

Acc.#45.16.1 Echinocereus bonkerae subsp. bonkerae. Sec. Baker & al. (2009)

Acc.#45.17.1 Echinocereus brandegeei (J.M.Coult.) K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 290. 1898. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.17.1Cereus brandegeei J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3(7): 389. 1896 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocereus brandegeei (J.M.Coult.) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 140. 1907 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#45.17.2= Cereus mamillatus Engelm. ex J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 405. 1896 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocereus mamillatus (Engelm.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 41. 1922 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#45.17.3= Cereus sanborgianus J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 398. 1896 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocereus sanborgianus (J.M.Coult.) K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 274. 1898 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocereus brandegeei var. sanborgianus (J.M.Coult.) Lodé in Repert. Pl. Succ. 45: 9. 1994 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Acc.#45.18.1 Echinocereus bristolii W.T.Marshall in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 9: 160. 1938. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.18.1Echinocereus pectinatus var. bristolii (W.T.Marshall) W.T.Marshall in Saguaroland Bull. 10: 81. 1956 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#45.19.1 Echinocereus canus D.Felix & H.Bauer, Echinocereus Sekt. Echinocereus: 259. 2012. Sec. Blum & al. (2012)

Syn.#45.19.1Echinocereus viridiflorus var. canus A.M.Powell & Weedin, Echinocereus Sekt. Echinocereus: 254. 2012 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2012) Echinocereus viridiflorus var. canus A.M.Powell & Weedin, Cacti Trans-Pecos: 273. 2004, nom. inval. syn. sec. Blum & al. (2012)

Acc.#45.20.1 Echinocereus carmenensis W.Blum, Mich.Lange & Scherer, Echinocereus Monogr.: 3. 1998. Sec. Blum & al. (2012)

Notes. – See under Echinocereus neocapillus [Sánchez (2021)]

Acc.#45.21.1 Echinocereus chaletii W.Rischer in Cactus & Co. 13(3): 49. 2009. Sec. Rischer

Syn.#45.21.1Echinocereus scheeri subsp. chaletii (W.Rischer) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 34: 12. 2016 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Acc.#45.22.1 Echinocereus chisosensis W.T.Marshall in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 12(1): 15. 1940. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.22.1Echinocereus reichenbachii var. chisosensis (W.T.Marshall) L.D.Benson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 41: 127. 1969

Acc.#45.23.1 Echinocereus chisosensis subsp. chisosensis. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#45.24.1 Echinocereus chisosensis subsp. fobeanus (Oehme) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 19: 10. 2005. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#45.24.1Echinocereus fobeanus Oehme in Beitr. Sukkulentenk. Sukkulentenpflege 1940: 49–50. 1940 Echinocereus chisosensis var. fobeanus (Oehme) N.P.Taylor in Kew Mag. 2: 261. 1985

Acc.#45.25.1 Echinocereus chloranthus (Engelm.) J.N.Haage in Preis-Verz. Cact.: 19. 1859. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.25.1Cereus chloranthus Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 278–279. 1856 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2012) Echinocereus viridiflorus var. chloranthus (Engelm.) Backeb., Cactaceae 4: 2015. 1960 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2012) Echinocereus viridiflorus subsp. chloranthus (Engelm.) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 10. 1997 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2012) Echinocereus chloranthus Haage in Preis-Verz. Cact.: 22 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2012)

Syn.#45.25.2= Cereus viridiflorus var. cylindricus Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 278. 1856 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2012) Cereus viridiflorus var. cylindricus Engelm., Syn. Cact. U.S.: 22. 1856 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2012) Echinocereus viridiflorus var. cylindricus (Engelm.) Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 812. 1885 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2012) Echinocereus viridiflorus subsp. cylindricus (Engelm.) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 10. 1997 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2012) Echinocereus chloranthus var. cylindricus (Engelm.) N.P.Taylor in Kew Mag. 1: 169. 1984 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2012) Echinocereus chloranthus subsp. cylindricus (Engelm.) W.Blum & Mich.Lange, Echinocereus Prepr.: 3. 1998 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2012)

Syn.#45.25.3= Echinocereus chloranthus Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 814. 1885 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#45.25.4= Cereus viridiflorus var. tubulosus J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 383. 1896 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021) Echinocereus viridiflorus var. tubulosus (J.M.Coult.) A.Heller in Cat. N. Amer. Pl. ed. 2: 8. 1900 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Syn.#45.25.5= Echinocereus standleyi Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 24. 1922 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Syn.#45.25.6= Echinocereus chloranthus subsp. rhyolitensis W.Blum & Mich.Lange, Echinocereus Monogr.: 4. 1998 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Syn.#45.25.7= Echinocereus chloranthus subsp. rhyolithensis W.Blum & Mich.Lange, Echinocereus Monogr.: 4. 1998 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Syn.#45.25.8Echinocereus viridiflorus var. intermedius Backeb., Cactaceae 4: 2015. 1960, nom. inval. syn. sec. Blum & al. (2012)

Notes. – Echinocereus chloranthus was suggested to comprise the two subspecies: E. chloranthus subsp. chloranthus and E. chloranthus subsp. rhyolitensis (Blum & al. 2012). However, morphological variation and geographical distribution are continuos, therefore E. chloranthus subsp. rhyolitensis is synonymized with E. chloranthus here. [Sánchez (2021)]

Acc.#45.26.1 Echinocereus cinerascens (DC.) Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 56. 1839. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.26.1Cereus cinerascens DC. in Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 116. 1828

Syn.#45.26.2= Cereus cinerascens var. crassior DC. in Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 115. 1828 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922) Echinocereus cinerascens var. crassior Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 787. 1885 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#45.26.3= Cereus cinerascens var. tenuior DC. in Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 116. 1828 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#45.26.4= Cereus aciniformis Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 101. 1837 syn. sec. Blum & al. (1998)

Syn.#45.26.5= Cereus deppei Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 101. 1837 syn. sec. Blum & al. (1998)

Syn.#45.26.6= Cereus acinaciformis Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 333. 1840 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Syn.#45.26.7= Echinocereus deppei K.Schum. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 5: 123. 1895 syn. sec. Blum & al. (1998)

Syn.#45.26.8= Echinocereus undulatus Hildm. ex K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 261. 1898 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#45.26.9Echinocereus glycimorphus var. undulatus Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 126. 1907, nom. nud. syn. sec. Blum & al. (1998)

Acc.#45.27.1 Echinocereus cinerascens subsp. cinerascens. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#45.27.2= Cereus ehrenbergii Pfeiff. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 8: 282. 1840 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocereus ehrenbergii (Pfeiff.) Engelm. ex J.N.Haage in Preis-Verz. Cact.: 22. 1859 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocereus ehrenbergii (Pfeiff.) Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 775. 1885 Echinocereus pentalophus var. ehrenbergii (Pfeiff.) Backeb., Cactaceae 4: 2003. 1960 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocereus cinerascens var. ehrenbergii (Pfeiff.) Bravo in Cact. Suc. Mex. 19: 47. 1974 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocereus cinerascens subsp. ehrenbergii (Pfeiff.) W.Blum & Rutow, Echinocereus Monogr.: 4. 1998 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#45.27.3= Echinocactus chlorophthalmus Hook. in Bot. Mag. 76: t. 4486. 1850 syn. sec. Blum & al. (1998) Echinocereus chlorophthalmus (Hook.) Britton & Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: 242. 1913 syn. sec. Blum & al. (1998) Echinocactus chloropthalmus Hook. in Bot. Mag. 76: t. 4486. 1850 syn. sec. TPL (2013) [is misspelling for Echinocactus chlorophthalmus Hook.]

Syn.#45.27.4= Cereus cirrhifer Labour., Monogr. Cact.: 311. 1853 syn. sec. Tropicos Echinocereus cirrhifer (Labour.) J.N.Haage in PreisVerz. Cact.: 22. 1859 syn. sec. Tropicos Echinocereus cirrhiferus (Labour.) J.N.Haage in Preis-Verz. Cact.: 22. 1859 syn. sec. TPL (2013) [is misspelling for Echinocereus cirrhifer (Labour.) J.N.Haage]

Syn.#45.27.5= Echinocereus glycimorphus C.F.Först. ex Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2, 2(16): 800. 1886 syn. sec. Tropicos Cereus glycimorphus (C.F.Först. ex Rümpler) Orcutt in W. Amer. Sci. 13: 12. 1902 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Cereus glycimorphus (C.F.Först. ex Rümpler) Orcutt, Seed Pl. Co. Cat. Cact. 1903: 5. 1903, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#45.28.1 Echinocereus cinerascens subsp. septentrionalis (N.P.Taylor) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 8. 1997. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#45.28.1Echinocereus cinerascens var. septentrionalis N.P.Taylor in Bradleya 6: 68. 1988 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#45.29.1 Echinocereus cinerascens subsp. tulensis (Bravo) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 8. 1997. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#45.29.1Echinocereus tulensis Bravo in Cact. Suc. Mex. 18(4): 110. 1973 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocereus cinerascens var. tulensis (Bravo) N.P.Taylor in Bradleya 6: 69. 1988 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#45.30.1 Echinocereus coccineus Engelm., Mem. Tour N. Mexico: 93. 1848. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.30.1Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. coccineus (Engelm.) W.T.Marshall & T.M.Bock, Cactaceae: 117. 1941 Echinocereus triglochidiatus subsp. coccineus (Engelm.) U.Guzmán in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 17. 2003

Syn.#45.30.2= Cereus coccineus var. cylindricus Engelm. in Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts n.s., 4: 51. 1849 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2017)

Syn.#45.30.3= Cereus aggregatus J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 395. 1896 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003)

Syn.#45.30.4= Echinocereus conoideus var. cristata Houghton in J. Cact. Succ. Soc. Amer. 2: 490. 1931 syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Syn.#45.30.5= Echinocereus coccineus subsp. aggregatus (Engelm.) W.Blum, Mich.Lange & Rutow, Echinocereus Prepr.: 4. 1998 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Syn.#45.30.6= Echinocereus coccineus subsp. transpecosensis W.Blum, Oldach & J.Oldach in Cact. Explor. 14: 59. 2015 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Notes. – Echinocereus coccineus subsp. transpecosensis and E. coccineus subsp. aggregatus represent intermediate taxa between the typical E. coccineus and some other subspecies. We do not recommend accepting them in the absence of more evidence. [Sánchez (2021)]

Acc.#45.31.1 Echinocereus coccineus subsp. coccineus. Sec. Blum & al. (2017)

Syn.#45.31.2= Cereus coccineus var. melanacanthus Engelm. in Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts n.s., 4: 51. 1849 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2017) Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. melanacanthus (Engelm.) L.D.Benson in Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4, 25: 253. 1944 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2017) Echinocereus melanacanthus Engelm. ex W.H.Earle, Cact. South. 4: 61. 1963 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2017)

Syn.#45.31.3= Cereus phoeniceus Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 284. 1856 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2017) Cereus phoeniceus Engelm. & Bigelow in Pacif. Railr. Rep. Parke, Bot. 4: 34. 1857 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2017) Echinocereus phoeniceus (Engelm.) Lem., Cactées: 57. 1868 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2017)

Syn.#45.31.4= Cereus conoideus Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow in Pacif. Railr. Rep. Parke, Bot. 4: 36. 1857 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2017) Cereus phoeniceus subsp. conoideus (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 284. 1856 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2017) Echinocereus conoideus (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 807. 1885 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2017) Echinocereus phoeniceus var. conoideus (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 283. 1898 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2017)

Syn.#45.31.5= Echinocereus krausei De Smet, Suppl. Prix-Cour. Gén. (Cat. 11) 10: 6. 1878 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#45.31.6= Echinocereus phoeniceus Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 788. 1885 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Syn.#45.31.7= Echinocereus phoeniceus var. albispinus Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 789. 1885 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2017)

Syn.#45.31.8= Echinocereus phoeniceus var. longispinus Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 789. 1885 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2017)

Syn.#45.31.9= Echinocereus phoeniceus var. rufispinus Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 789. 1885 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2017)

Syn.#45.31.10= Echinocereus neomexicanus Standl. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35: 87. 1908 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021) Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. neomexicanus (Standl.) W.T.Marshall in Marshall & Bock, Cactaceae: 118. 1941 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021) Echinocereus polyacanthus var. neomexicanus (Standl.) D.Weniger, Cacti Southwest: 44. 1970 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Syn.#45.31.11= Echinocereus canyonensis Clover & Jotter in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 68: 417. 1941 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Syn.#45.31.12= Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. toroweapensis P.C.Fisch. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 63: 195. 1991 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021) Echinocereus toroweapensis (P.C.Fisch.) Fürsch in Kakteen And. Sukk. 44: 266. 1993 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Syn.#45.31.13= Echinocereus bakeri W.Blum, Oldach & J.Oldach in Int. Cact. Advent. 106-107: 22. 2015 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Notes. – Blum & al. (2017) proposed E. canyonensis (= E. toroweapensis) as different species. However, the statistical analysis of Baker (2006), did not found significant differences to E. coccineus. [Sánchez (2021)]

Acc.#45.32.1 Echinocereus coccineus subsp. paucispinus (Engelm.) W.Blum, Mich.Lange & Rutow, Echinocereus Monogr.: 4. 1998. Sec. Blum & al. (2017)

Syn.#45.32.1Echinocereus paucispinus Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 794. 1885 Echinocereus coccineus var. paucispinus (Engelm.) D.J.Ferguson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 61: 222. 1989

Syn.#45.32.2= Cereus roemeri Muehlenpf. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 16: 19. 1848 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021) Echinocereus roemeri (Muehlenpf.) Engelm. ex J.N.Haage in Preis-Verz. Cact.: 23. 1859 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021) Echinocereus roemeri (Muehlenpf.) Rydb. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33: 146. 1906 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021) Echinocereus coccineus subsp. roemeri (Muehlenpf.) W.Blum, Mich.Lange & Rutow, Echinocereus Prepr.: 4. 1998 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Syn.#45.32.3= Echinopsis octacantha Muehlenpf. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 16: 19. 1848 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021) Cereus octacanthus (Muehlenpf.) J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 395. 1896 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021) Echinocereus octacanthus (Muehlenpf.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 13. 1922 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021) Echinocereus coccineus var. octacanthus (Muehlenpf.) Boissev., Colorado Cact.: 39. 1940 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Syn.#45.32.4= Cereus roemeri Engelm., Pl. Fendler.: 50. 1849 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Syn.#45.32.5= Cereus paucispinus Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 285. 1856 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocereus paucispinus (Engelm.) Engelm. ex Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2, 2(16): 794. 1886 Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. paucispinus (Engelm.) W.T.Marshall in Marshall & Bock, Cactaceae: 118. 1941 Cereus paucispinus Engelm. & Bigelow in Pacif. Railr. Rep. Parke, Bot. 4: 34. 1857, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#45.32.6= Echinocereus roemeri Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 792. 1885 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Notes. – The type locality of Cereus octacanthus is said to be in Texas, USA (Coulter, 1896). The description and locality correspond to E. coccineus. Blum et al. (1998) mention E. octacanthus as synonym of E. coccineus subsp. roemeri (=E. paucispinus). [Sánchez (2021)]

Acc.#45.33.1 Echinocereus coccineus subsp. rosei (Wooton & Standl.) W.Blum & Rutow, Echinocereus Monogr.: 4. 1998. Sec. Sánchez (2021)

Syn.#45.33.1Echinocereus rosei Wooton & Standl. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 19: 457. 1915 Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. rosei (Wooton & Standl.) W.T.Marshall in Desert. Bot. Gard. Arizona, Sci. Bull. 1: 63. 1950 Echinocereus coccineus var. rosei (Wooton & Standl.) A.D.Zimmerman, Cacti Trans-Pecos: 203. 2004

Syn.#45.33.2= Echinocereus multicostatus J.F.Cels in Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 834. 1885 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021) Cereus multicostatus J.F.Cels in Schumann, Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 288. 1898 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021) Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. multicostatus (J.F.Cels) W.T.Marshall in Saguaroland Bull. 7: 67. 1953 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Acc.#45.34.1 Echinocereus dasyacanthus Engelm., Mem. Tour N. Mexico: 100. 1848. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.34.1Cereus dasyacanthus Engelm., Pl. Fendler.: 50. 1849 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocereus pectinatus var. dasyacanthus (Engelm.) W.H.Earle ex N.P.Taylor in Kew Mag. 1: 179. 1984 syn. sec. Tropicos

Acc.#45.35.1 Echinocereus dasyacanthus subsp. ctenoides (Engelm.) Lodé in Cact.-Avent. Int. 100: 29. 2013. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#45.35.1Cereus ctenoides Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 279. 1856 Echinocactus ctenoides (Engelm.) Lem., Cactées: 57. 1868 Echinocereus ctenoides (Engelm.) Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2, 2(16): 819. 1886 Echinocereus dasyacanthus var. ctenoides (Engelm.) Backeb., Cactaceae 4: 2021. 1960 Echinocereus pectinatus var. ctenoides (Engelm.) D.Weniger ex G.Frank in Kakteen And. Sukk. 42: 140. 1991 Echinocereus pectinatus subsp. ctenoides (Engelm.) G.Frank in Echinocereenfreund 10: 135. 1997

Syn.#45.35.2= Echinocereus hildmannii Arendt in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 1: 146. 1891 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#45.35.3= Echinocereus rubescens Dams in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 15: 92. 1905 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021) Echinocereus papillosus var. rubescens (Dams) Dams in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 15: 92. 1905 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Acc.#45.36.1 Echinocereus dasyacanthus subsp. dasyacanthus. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#45.36.2= Echinocereus spinosissimus Walton in Cact. J. (London) 2: 162. 1899 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Syn.#45.36.3= Echinocereus steereae Clover in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 65: 565. 1938 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Syn.#45.36.4= Echinocereus dasyacanthus subsp. crockettianus D.Felix & H.Bauer in Echinocereus Online-J. 2 (Sonderheft): V. 2014 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Acc.#45.37.1 Echinocereus dasyacanthus subsp. multispinosus D.Felix & H.Bauer in Echinocereus Online-J. 2 (Sonderheft): VII. 2014. Sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#45.38.1 Echinocereus dasyacanthus subsp. rectispinus (Trocha & Fethke) W.Blum, W.Rischer & Rutow, Echinocereus Prepr.: 2. 1998. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#45.38.1Echinocereus dasyacanthus var. rectispinus Trocha & Fethke in Echinocereenfreund 4: 31. 1991

Acc.#45.39.1 Echinocereus davisii Houghton in J. Cact. Succ. Soc. Amer. 2: 466. 1931. Sec. Blum & al. (2012)

Syn.#45.39.1Echinocereus viridiflorus subsp. davisii (Houghton) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 10. 1997 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Echinocereus viridiflorus var. davisii (Houghton) W.T.Marshall & T.M.Bock, Cactaceae: 119. 1941 Echinocereus viridiflorus var. davisii Backeb. syn. sec. TPL (2013)

Syn.#45.39.2= Echinocereus subinermis var. aculeatus G.Unger in Kakteen And. Sukk. 35: 164. 1984 syn. sec. Blum & al. (1998)

Acc.#45.40.1 Echinocereus engelmannii (Parry ex Engelm.) Lem., Cactées: 56. 1868. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.40.1Cereus engelmannii Parry ex Engelm. in Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, 14(42): 338. 1852 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Pilocereus engelmannii (Parry ex Engelm.) Lem. in Ill. Hort. 9(Misc.): 97. 1862 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocereus engelmannii var. engelmannii syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003)

Acc.#45.41.1 Echinocereus engelmannii subsp. engelmannii. Sec. Sánchez (2021)

Syn.#45.41.2= Cereus engelmannii var. chrysocentrus Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow, Syn. Cact. U.S.: 27. 1856 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021) Echinocereus engelmannii var. chrysocentrus (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 806. 1885 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021) Echinocereus chrysocentrus (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) Orcutt in Cactography 4. 1926 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Syn.#45.41.3= Cereus engelmannii var. variegatus Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow, Syn. Cact. U.S.: 27. 1856 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021) Echinocereus engelmannii var. variegatus (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 806. 1885 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021) Echinocereus engelmannii subsp. variegatus (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) E.Lutz in Echinocereenfreund 13: 97. 2000 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Syn.#45.41.4= Echinocereus engelmannii var. robustior Hildm. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 4: 194. 1894 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Syn.#45.41.5= Echinocereus engelmannii var. versicolor Miers in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 4: 194. 1894 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Syn.#45.41.6= Cereus munzii Parish in Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 25: 48. 1926 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021) Echinocereus engelmannii var. munzii (Parish) Pierce & Fosberg in Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 32: 123. 1933 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021) Echinocereus munzii (Parish) L.D.Benson in Amer. J. Bot. 28: 361. 1941 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Syn.#45.41.7= Echinocereus decumbens Clover & Jotter in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 68: 417. 1941 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021) Echinocereus engelmannii var. decumbens (Clover & Jotter) L.D.Benson in Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4, 25: 258. 1944 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021) Echinocereus engelmannii subsp. decumbens (Clover & Jotter) W.Blum & Mich.Lange, Echinocereus Prepr.: 2. 1998 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Syn.#45.41.8= Echinocereus engelmannii var. acicularis L.D.Benson, Cacti Ariz., ed. 3: 138. 1969 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Syn.#45.41.9= Echinocereus engelmannii var. armatus L.D.Benson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 41: 33. 1969 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Syn.#45.41.10= Echinocereus engelmannii var. purpureus L.D.Benson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 41: 126. 1969 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Syn.#45.41.11= Echinocereus engelmannii var. howei L.D.Benson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 46: 80. 1974 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Acc.#45.42.1 Echinocereus engelmannii subsp. fasciculatus (Engelm.) W.Blum & Mich.Lange, Echinocereus Prepr.: 2. 1998. Sec. Blum & al. (1998)

Syn.#45.42.1Mammillaria fasciculata Engelm., Emory, Mil. Reconn.: 156. 1848 syn. sec. Blum & al. (1998) Cactus fasciculatus (Engelm.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 259. 1891 syn. sec. Blum & al. (1998) Neomammillaria fasciculata (Engelm.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 162. 1923 syn. sec. Blum & al. (1998) Ebnerella fasciculata (Engelm.) Buxb. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 98: 89. 1951 syn. sec. Blum & al. (1998) Chilita fasciculata (Engelm.) Buxb. in Sukkulentenkunde 5: 15. 1954 syn. sec. Blum & al. (1998) Echinocereus fasciculatus (Engelm.) L.D.Benson, Cacti Ariz., ed. 3: 21. 1969 syn. sec. Blum & al. (1998) Echinocereus fendleri var. fasciculatus (Engelm.) N.P.Taylor in Kew Mag. 2: 252. 1985 syn. sec. Blum & al. (1998) Mammillaria fasciculata Engelm. ex S.Watson in Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 258: 402. 1878, nom. inval. syn. sec. TPL (2013)

Syn.#45.42.2= Echinocereus boyce-thompsonii Orcutt in Cactography 4. 1926 syn. sec. Blum & al. (1998) Echinocereus fendleri var. boycethompsonii (Orcutt) L.D.Benson in Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4, 25: 260. 1944 syn. sec. Blum & al. (1998) Echinocereus fasciculatus var. boyce-thompsonii (Orcutt) L.D.Benson, Cacti Ariz., ed. 3: 21. 1969 syn. sec. Blum & al. (1998) Echinocereus fasciculatus subsp. boyce-thompsonii (Orcutt) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 8. 1997 syn. sec. Blum & al. (1998)

Syn.#45.42.3= Echinocereus abbeae Parsons, Desert Pl. Life 9: 6. 1937 syn. sec. Blum & al. (1998)

Syn.#45.42.4= Echinocereus rectispinus var. robustus Peebles in Amer. J. Bot. 25: 675. 1938 syn. sec. Blum & al. (1998) Echinocereus robustus (Peebles) Peebles in J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 30: 219. 1940 syn. sec. Blum & al. (1998) Echinocereus fendleri var. robustus (Peebles) L.D.Benson in Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4, 25: 259. 1944 syn. sec. Blum & al. (1998)

Syn.#45.42.5= Echinocereus fasciculatus subsp. fasciculatus syn. sec. Blum & al. (1998)

Acc.#45.43.1 Echinocereus engelmannii subsp. llanuraensis (Rutow) Felger in Proc. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. 35: 20. 1999. Sec. Sánchez (2021)

Syn.#45.43.1Echinocereus nicholii subsp. llanuraensis Rutow in Echinocereenfreund 8: 61. 1995 Echinocereus llanuraensis (Rutow) W.Blum & D.Felix in Echinocereenfreund 15: 16. 2002

Notes. – Chromosome counts of plants of E. llanuraensis from Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico show that those are tetraploid (Felger 1999), suggesting more affinity with E. engelmannii rather than with the diploid E. nicholii. Also, E. llanuraensis shows affinity with the tetraploid E. engelmannii complex by having dull grayish, often bicolored spines and large flowers with bright magenta inner tepals. In contrast, diploid E. nicholii has uniformly yellow spines and smaller flowers with pale pink inner tepals (Felger 1999). [Sánchez (2021)]

Acc.#45.44.1 Echinocereus enneacanthus Engelm., Mem. Tour N. Mexico: 111. 1848. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.44.1Cereus enneacanthus Engelm., Pl. Fendler.: 50. 1849 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003)

Syn.#45.44.2= Cereus dubius Engelm., Descr. Cactaceae: 36. 1856 syn. sec. Felix & Bauer (2018) Echinocereus dubius (Engelm.) Engelm. ex Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2, 2(16): 787. 1886 syn. sec. Tropicos Echinocereus enneacanthus var. dubius (Engelm.) L.D.Benson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 41: 127. 1969 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#45.44.3= Echinocereus carnosus Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 787. 1885 syn. sec. Felix & Bauer (2018) Echinocereus enneacanthus var. carnosus (Rümpler) Quehl in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 18: 114. 1908 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#45.44.4= Echinocereus uehri Blanc ex F.Haage, Choice Cacti: 13. 1897 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#45.44.5= Echinocereus uspenskii F.Haage, Choice Cacti: 13. 1897 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#45.44.6= Echinocereus jacobyi K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 278. 1898 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#45.44.7= Echinocereus merkeri Hildm. ex K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 277. 1898 syn. sec. Felix & Bauer (2018) Cereus merkeri (Hildm.) A.Berger in Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 16: 81. 1905 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Syn.#45.44.8= Echinocereus sarissophorus Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 38. 1922 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#45.44.9= Echinocereus enneacanthus subsp. enneacanthus syn. sec. Sánchez & al. (2018) Echinocereus enneacanthus var. enneacanthus

Syn.#45.44.10= Echinocereus enneacanthus f. intermedius W.O.Moore in Brittonia 19: 93. 1967 syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Echinocereus enneacanthus subsp. intermedius (W.O.Moore) Blum & Lange in Echinocereenfreund 29: 106. 2016, nom. inval. syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Syn.#45.44.11Echinocereus enneacanthus f. brevispinus W.O.Moore in Brittonia 19: 93. 1967, nom. inval. syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Echinocereus enneacanthus var. brevispinus (W.O.Moore) L.D.Benson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 41: 127. 1969, nom. inval. syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Echinocereus enneacanthus subsp. brevispinus (W.O.Moore) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 8. 1997, nom. inval. syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Acc.#45.45.1 Echinocereus felixianus H.Bauer in Echinocereus Online-J. 2 (Sonderheft): IX. 2014. Sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Notes. – Echinocereus felixianus is accepted here because chromosome numbers indicate a tetraploid population, in contrast to the diploid E. pectinatus. [Sánchez (2021)]

Acc.#45.46.1 Echinocereus fendleri (Engelm.) Sencke ex J.N.Haage, Preisverzeichniss Cact. Succ.: 22. 1860. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.46.1Cereus fendleri Engelm. in Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, n.s. 4(1): 50–51. 1849 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Echinocereus fendleri (Engelm.) Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 801. 1885 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Acc.#45.47.1 Echinocereus fendleri subsp. fendleri. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#45.47.2= Cereus fendleri var. pauperculus Engelm. in Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts n.s., 4: 51. 1849 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocereus fendleri var. pauperculus (Engelm.) G.Unger in Echinocereenfreund 7: 87. 1994 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#45.47.3= Echinocereus hempelii Fobe in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 7: 187. 1897 Cereus hempelii (Fobe) Mottet, Dict. Prat. Hort. 5: 739. 1898–1899 syn. sec. Sánchez & al. (2018) Echinocereus fendleri subsp. hempelii (Fobe) W.Blum, Echinocereus Monogr.: 2. 1998 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#45.47.4= Cereus cinerascens var. fendleri Bois, Pl. Aliment. 2: 371. 1928 syn. sec. Blum & al. (1998)

Syn.#45.47.5= Echinocereus albiflorus Weing. in Kakteenkunde 1933: 156. 1933 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocereus fendleri var. albiflorus (Weing.) Backeb., Cactaceae 4: 2047. 1960 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#45.47.6= Echinocereus kuenzleri Castetter, P.Pierce & K.H.Schwer. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 48: 77. 1976 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocereus fendleri var. kuenzleri (Castetter, P.Pierce & K.H.Schwer.) L.D.Benson, Cacti U. S. Canada: 942. 1982 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocereus fendleri subsp. kuenzleri (Castetter, P.Pierce & K.H.Schwer.) W.Blum & D.Felix in Echinocereus Online-J. 2(2): 105. 2014 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#45.48.1 Echinocereus fendleri subsp. rectispinus (Peebles) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 9. 1997. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#45.48.1Echinocereus rectispinus Peebles in Amer. J. Bot. 25: 675, f. 1, 3c–d. 1938 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocereus fendleri var. rectispinus (Peebles) L.D.Benson in Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4, 25: 259. 1944 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#45.49.1 Echinocereus ferreiranus H.E.Gates in Saguaroland Bull. 7: 8. 1953. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Acc.#45.50.1 Echinocereus ferreiranus subsp. ferreiranus. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#45.51.1 Echinocereus ferreiranus subsp. lindsayorum (J.Meyrán) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 9. 1997. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#45.51.1Echinocereus lindsayorum J.Meyrán in Cact. Suc. Mex. 20(4): 80. 1975 [as "lindsayi"]Echinocereus ferreiranus var. lindsayorum (J.Meyrán) N.P.Taylor, Gen. Echinocereus: 46. 1985 Echinocereus lindsayi J.Meyrán [is orthographic variant for Echinocereus lindsayorum J.Meyrán]

Acc.#45.52.1 Echinocereus grandis Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 18. 1922. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Acc.#45.53.1 Echinocereus gurneyi (L.D.Benson) W.Blum, Oldach & J.Oldach in Int. Cact. Advent. 105: 33. 2014. Sec. Blum & al. (2017)

Syn.#45.53.1Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. gurneyi L.D.Benson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 41: 126. 1969 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2017) Echinocereus coccineus var. gurneyi (L.D.Benson) K.D.Heil & S.Brack in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 60: 26. 1988 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2017) Echinocereus coccineus subsp. gurneyi (L.D.Benson) D.Felix & H.Bauer in Echinocereus Online-J. 2 (Sonderheft): XIII. 2014 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2017)

Acc.#45.54.1 Echinocereus huitcholensis (F.A.C.Weber) M.Gürke in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 16: 23. 1906. Sec. Blum & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.54.1Cereus huitcholensis F.A.C.Weber in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 10: 383. 1904 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2018) Echinocereus polyacanthus var. huitcholensis (F.A.C.Weber) N.P.Taylor in Bradleya 6: 82. 1988 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2018) Echinocereus acifer subsp. huitcholensis (F.A.C.Weber) Mich.Lange in Echinocereenfreund 7: 109. 1994 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2018) Echinocereus polyacanthus subsp. huitcholensis (F.A.C.Weber) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 9. 1997 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2018) Echinocereus triglochidiatus subsp. huitcholensis (F.A.C.Weber) U.Guzmán in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 17. 2003 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.54.2= Echinocereus matthesianus Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 6. 1963 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.54.3= Echinocereus topiensis W.Rischer & Trocha in Echinocereenfreund 12(1): 6. 1999 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021) Echinocereus acifer subsp. topiensis (W.Rischer & Trocha) W.Rischer in Echinocereenfreund 17: 88. 2004 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Acc.#45.55.1 Echinocereus klapperi W.Blum, Echinocereus Monogr.: 5. 1998. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#45.56.1 Echinocereus knippelianus Liebner in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 5: 170. 1895. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.56.1Cereus knippelianus (Liebner) Orcutt in W. Amer. Sci. 13: 27. 1902 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocereus knippelianus subsp. knippelianus

Syn.#45.56.2= Echinocereus liebnerianus Carp in Baltimore Cact. J. 2: 262. 1896 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#45.56.3= Echinocereus inermis Haage Jr. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 8: 130. 1898 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#45.56.4= Echinocereus knippelianus var. kruegeri Glass & R.A.Foster in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 50: 80. 1978 Echinocereus knippelianus subsp. kruegeri (Glass & R.A.Foster) Glass, Guía Identific. Cact. Amenazadas México: s.p. 1997 ["1998"] syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Echinocereus knippelianus subsp. kruegeri (Glass & R.A.Foster) W.Blum & Mich.Lange, Echinocereus Monogr.: 246. 1998

Syn.#45.56.5= Echinocereus knippelianus var. reyesii A.B.Lau in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 52: 265. 1980 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocereus knippelianus subsp. reyesii (A.B.Lau) W.Blum & Mich.Lange, Echinocereus Monogr.: 6. 1998 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#45.56.6= Echinocereus knippelianus subsp. kaplani Halda & Sladk. in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 7: 34. 2000 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocereus knippelianus subsp. klapanii Halda & Sladk. syn. sec. WFO 2019

Acc.#45.57.1 Echinocereus koehresianus (G.Frank) W.Rischer in Echinocereenfreund 22: 73. 2009. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.57.1Echinocereus scheeri var. koehresianus G.Frank in Kakteen And. Sukk. 39(8): 188. 1988 Echinocereus ortegae subsp. koehresianus (G.Frank) W.Rischer & G.Frank in Echinocereenfreund 9(4): 100. 1996

Syn.#45.57.2= Echinocereus koehresianus subsp. gruberianus W.Rischer in Echinocereus Online-J. 2(1): 7. 2014 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Acc.#45.58.1 Echinocereus kroenleinii (Mich.Lange) W.Blum & Waldeis in Echinocereenfreund 12: 102. 1999. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.58.1Echinocereus poselgeri subsp. kroenleinii Mich.Lange in Kakteen And. Sukk. 46: 138. 1995 Wilcoxia kroenleinii A.Cartier in Succulentes 1980(2): 2. 1980, nom. inval. Wilcoxia roenleinii A.Cartier syn. sec. Sánchez & al. (2018) [is misspelling for Wilcoxia kroenleinii A.Cartier]

Acc.#45.59.1 Echinocereus ×kunzei Gürke in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 17: 103. 1907. Sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#45.59.1Echinocereus coccineus var. kunzei (Gürke) Backeb., Cactaceae 4: 2070. 1960 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#45.60.1 Echinocereus laui G.Frank in Kakteen And. Sukk. 29(4): 74. 1978. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Acc.#45.61.1 Echinocereus ledingii Peebles in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 8(3): 35. 1936. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#45.61.1Echinocereus fendleri var. ledingii (Peebles) N.P.Taylor in Kew Mag. 2: 253. 1985 syn. sec. Tropicos

Acc.#45.62.1 Echinocereus leucanthus N.P.Taylor, Gen. Echinocereus: 136. 1985. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.62.2= Wilcoxia albiflora Backeb. in Cactus (Paris) 33(Suppl.): 33. 1952 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#45.63.1 Echinocereus ×lloydii Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 37. 1922

Acc.#45.64.1 Echinocereus longisetus (Engelm.) Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 57. 1839. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.64.1Cereus longisetus Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 280–281. 1856 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#45.64.2= Echinocereus barcena Rebut ex A.Berger, Kakteen: 175. 1929 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Acc.#45.65.1 Echinocereus longisetus subsp. delaetii (Gürke) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 9. 1997. Sec. Blum & al. (1998)

Syn.#45.65.1Cephalocereus delaetii Gürke in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 19: 117-118. 1909 syn. sec. Blum & al. (1998) Echinocereus delaetii (Gürke) Gürke in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 19: 131. 1909 syn. sec. Blum & al. (1998) Echinocereus longisetus var. delaetii (Gürke) N.P.Taylor in Bradleya 6: 79. 1988 syn. sec. Blum & al. (1998)

Acc.#45.66.1 Echinocereus longisetus subsp. freudenbergeri (G.Frank) W.Blum, Echinocereus Monogr.: 6. 1998. Sec. Blum & al. (1998)

Syn.#45.66.1Echinocereus freudenbergeri G.Frank in Kakteen And. Sukk. 32: 105. 1981 syn. sec. Blum & al. (1998) Echinocereus delaetii var. freudenbergeri (G.Frank) N.P.Taylor, Gen. Echinocereus: 97. 1985 syn. sec. Blum & al. (1998)

Acc.#45.67.1 Echinocereus longisetus subsp. longisetus. Sec. Blum & al. (1998)

Acc.#45.68.1 Echinocereus mapimiensis E.F.Anderson, W.C.Hodgs. & P.Quirk in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 70(6): 285. 1998. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Acc.#45.69.1 Echinocereus maritimus (M.E.Jones) K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 273. 1898. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.69.1Cereus maritimus M.E.Jones in Amer. Naturalist 17(9): 973. 1883 Echinocereus maritimus subsp. maritimus

Syn.#45.69.2= Cereus flaviflorus Engelm. ex J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 391. 1896 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922) Echinocereus flaviflorus (Engelm. ex J.M.Coult.) Hildemann in Schumann, Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 264, 274. 1898 syn. sec. Blum & al. (1998)

Syn.#45.69.3= Cereus maritimus J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 397. 1896 syn. sec. Blum & al. (1998)

Syn.#45.69.4= Cereus glomeratus Engelm. ex Orcutt in W. Amer. Sci. 13: 28. 1902 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#45.69.5= Echinocereus orcuttii Rose ex Orcutt in Cactography 4. 1926 syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Syn.#45.69.6= Echinocereus hancockii E.Y.Dawson in Desert Pl. Life 21: 89. 1949 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021) Echinocereus maritimus var. hancockii (E.Y.Dawson) N.P.Taylor, Gen. Echinocereus: 44. 1985 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021) Echinocereus maritimus subsp. hancockii (E.Y.Dawson) W.Blum & Rutow, Echinocereus Monogr.: 6. 1998 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Acc.#45.70.1 Echinocereus metornii G.Frank in Kakteen And. Sukk. 41(10): 215. 1990. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.70.1Echinocereus fobeanus subsp. metornii (G.Frank) W.Blum & Mich.Lange, Echinocereus Monogr.: 5. 1998

Acc.#45.71.1 Echinocereus milleri W.Blum & al. in Echinocereenfreund 12(3): 69. 1999. Sec. Blum & al. (2012)

Acc.#45.72.1 Echinocereus mombergerianus G.Frank in Kakteen And. Sukk. 41(11): 261. 1990. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#45.72.1Echinocereus polyacanthus subsp. mombergerianus (G.Frank) Breckw. in Echinocereenfreund 9 (Sonderh.): 15. 1996 Echinocereus pacificus subsp. mombergerianus (G.Frank) W.Blum, W.Rischer & Rutow, Echinocereus Monogr.: 6. 1998

Acc.#45.73.1 Echinocereus neocapillus (D.Weniger) W.Blum & Mich.Lange, Echinocereus Prepr.: 6. 1998. Sec. Blum & al. (2012)

Syn.#45.73.1Echinocereus chloranthus var. neocapillus D.Weniger in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 41: 39. 1969 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2012) Echinocereus viridiflorus var. neocapillus (D.Weniger) A.D.Zimmerman, Cacti Trans-Pecos: 267. 2004 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2012)

Notes. – Blum & al. (1998) segregated E. neocapillus from E. chloranthus and E. viridiflorus due to the hairy spination in juvenile plants. Other taxa as E. blumii, E. carmenensis, and E. milleri also present this character. However, those taxa have discontinuos distribution and differ in spination in mature plants. For now, they are recognized as different species until more evidence is available. [Sánchez (2021)]

Acc.#45.74.1 Echinocereus ×neomexicanus Standl. in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35(2): 87–88, f. 3–5. 1908. Sec. Blum & al. (2017)

Syn.#45.74.1Cereus neomexicanus (Standl.) Tidestr., Fl. Ariz. New Mex.: 298. 1941 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2017)

Acc.#45.75.1 Echinocereus nicholii (L.D.Benson) B.D.Parfitt in Phytologia 63(3): 157. 1987. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.75.1Echinocereus engelmannii var. nicholii L.D.Benson in Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4, 25: 258, pl. 25, f. B. 1944 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Echinocereus nicholii subsp. nicholii

Acc.#45.76.1 Echinocereus nivosus Glass & R.A.Foster in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 50(1): 18. 1978. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.76.2= Echinocereus albatus Backeb., Cactaceae 4: 2007. 1960 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocereus longisetus var. albatus (Backeb.) W.Sterk in Succulenta (Netherlands) 59: 12. 1980, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#45.77.1 Echinocereus occidentalis (N.P.Taylor) W.Rischer, S.Breckw. & Breckw. in Echinocereenfreund 22: 23. 2008 ["2009"]. Sec. Felix & Bauer (2018)

Syn.#45.77.1Echinocereus stramineus var. occidentalis N.P.Taylor in Bradleya 6: 70. 1988 Echinocereus stramineus subsp. occidentalis (N.P.Taylor) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 10. 1997 Echinocereus occidentalis subsp. occidentalis syn. sec. Felix & Bauer (2018)

Syn.#45.77.2= Echinocereus occidentalis subsp. breckwoldtiorum De-Nova, Cast.-Lara & W.Blum in Xerophilia special issue 7.2: 4. 2015 syn. sec. Felix & Bauer (2018)

Notes. – Echinocereus occidentalis was segregated from E. stramineus due to minor differences in morphology and chromosome number. Echinocereus occidentalis is diploid, while the E. stramineus is tetraploid. [Sánchez (2021)]

Acc.#45.78.1 Echinocereus ortegae Rose, Apuntes Fl. Indig. Sinaloa: 3. 1929. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#45.79.1 Echinocereus pacificus (Engelm.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 12, f. 9. 1922. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#45.79.1Cereus phoeniceus var. pacificus Engelm. in W. Amer. Sci. 2: 46. 1886 Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. pacificus (Engelm.) Bravo in Cact. Suc. Mex. 23: 66. 1978 Echinocereus polyacanthus var. pacificus (Engelm.) N.P.Taylor in Kew Mag. 1: 160. 1984 Echinocereus polyacanthus subsp. pacificus (Engelm.) Breckw. in Echinocereenfreund 9 (Sonderh.): 15. 1996 Echinocereus triglochidiatus subsp. pacificus (Engelm.) U.Guzmán in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 17. 2003

Syn.#45.79.2= Cereus pacificus J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 397. 1896 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Acc.#45.80.1 Echinocereus palmeri Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 34. 1922. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.80.2= Echinocereus palmeri subsp. escobedensis W.Rischer in Kakteen And. Sukk. 54: 124. 2003 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#45.81.1 Echinocereus palmeri subsp. mazapil H.M.Hern. & Gómez-Hin. in Bradleya 22: 2. 2004. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#45.82.1 Echinocereus palmeri subsp. palmeri. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#45.83.1 Echinocereus pamanesii A.B.Lau in Cact. Suc. Mex. 26: 38. 1981 [as "pamanesiorum"]. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.83.1Echinocereus pamanesiorum A.B.Lau in Cact. Suc. Mex. 26: 38. 1981 syn. sec. TPL (2013) [is orthographic variant for

Acc.#45.84.1 Echinocereus pamanesii A.B.Lau]

Acc.#45.85.1 Echinocereus pamanesii subsp. bonatzii (R.C.Römer) R.C.Römer in Echinocereenfreund 10(2): 45. 1998. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#45.85.1Echinocereus bonatzii R.C.Römer in Echinocereenfreund 8: 98. 1995 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Echinocereus adustus subsp. bonatzii (R.C.Römer) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 6: 15. 1998 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#45.86.1 Echinocereus pamanesii subsp. pamanesii. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#45.87.1 Echinocereus papillosus Linke ex Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 783. 1886. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.87.1Cereus papillosus (Linke) A.Berger in Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 16: 80. 1905 syn. sec. Blum & al. (1998) Echinocereus blanckii var. papillosus (Linke ex Rümpler) L.D.Benson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 41: 126. 1969 syn. sec. Blum & al. (1998) Echinocereus berlandieri var. papillosus (Linke ex Rümpler) L.D.Benson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 48: 59. 1976 syn. sec. Blum & al. (1998) Echinocereus papillosus Linke ex Haage, Cact.-Verz.: 19. 1859, nom. inval. syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Syn.#45.87.2= Echinocereus angusticeps Clover in Rhodora 37: 79. 1935 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021) Echinocereus papillosus var. angusticeps (Clover) W.T.Marshall in Marshall & Bock, Cactaceae: 119. 1941 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021) Echinocereus berlandieri var. angusticeps (Clover) L.D.Benson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 48: 59. 1976 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Acc.#45.88.1 Echinocereus parkeri N.P.Taylor in Bradleya 6: 73. 1988. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Acc.#45.89.1 Echinocereus parkeri subsp. arteagensis W.Blum & Mich.Lange, Echinocereus: 175. 1998. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#45.90.1 Echinocereus parkeri subsp. gonzalezii (N.P.Taylor) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 9. 1997. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#45.90.1Echinocereus parkeri var. gonzalezii N.P.Taylor in Bradleya 6: 74. 1988 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#45.91.1 Echinocereus parkeri subsp. mazapilensis W.Blum & Mich.Lange, Echinocereus: 173. 1998. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#45.92.1 Echinocereus parkeri subsp. parkeri. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#45.93.1 Echinocereus pectinatus (Scheidw.) Engelm., Mem. Tour N. Mexico: 109. 1848. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.93.1Echinocactus pectinatus Scheidw. in Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 5(8): 492–493. 1838 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinopsis pectinata (Scheidw.) J.H.Fennell in Allg. Gartenzeitung 11: 282. 1843 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cereus pectinatus (Scheidw.) Engelm., Pl. Fendler.: 50. 1849 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocereus pectinatus var. pectinatus syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003)

Syn.#45.93.2= Echinocactus pectinifer Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 25. 1839 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#45.93.3= Echinocactus pectinifer var. laevior Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 26. 1839 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#45.93.4= Echinocactus pectiniferus Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 25. 1839 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#45.93.5= Echinocactus pectiniferus var. laevior Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 26. 1839 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#45.93.6= Echinopsis pectinata var. laevior Monv. ex C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk.: 365. 1846 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#45.93.7= Cereus pectiniferus Labour., Monogr. Cactaceae: 320. 1853 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#45.93.8= Cereus dasyacanthus var. minor Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 279. 1856 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocereus pectinatus var. minor (Engelm.) L.D.Benson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 40(3): 125. 1968 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#45.93.9= Echinocereus pectinatus var. castaneus Rydb. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 1: 144. 1891 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#45.93.10= Echinocereus pectinatus var. candicans Rydb. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 3: 111. 1893 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#45.93.11= Echinocereus pectinatus var. robustior Th.Wolf in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 7: 95. 1897 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#45.93.12= Echinocereus pectinatus var. rufispinus K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 272. 1898 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#45.93.13= Echinocereus pectinatus var. laevior Th.Wolf in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. Index: 56. 1912 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#45.93.14= Echinocereus pectinatus var. jamauvei Frič in Cactography 4. 1926 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#45.93.15= Echinocereus pectinatus var. reichenbachii Werderm. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Sonderbeih. C 2: t. 5. 1950 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#45.93.16= Echinocereus pectinatus var. bauerii Rother syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#45.93.17= Echinocereus pectinatus var. tamaulipensis Frič ex Schelle syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#45.93.18= Echinocereus pectinatus var. texensis Rümpler syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#45.94.1 Echinocereus pectinatus subsp. pectinatus. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#45.94.2= Echinocereus pectinatus var. robustus F.A.Bauer in Gartenflora 39: 513. 1890 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#45.94.3= Echinocereus pectinatus var. chrysacanthus K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 272. 1898 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#45.94.4= Echinocereus pectinatus var. crassispinus Runge ex Mathsson syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#45.95.1 Echinocereus pectinatus subsp. rutowiorum W.Blum in Cact. Explor. 12: 24. 2014. Sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#45.96.1 Echinocereus pectinatus subsp. wenigeri (L.D.Benson) W.Blum & Rutow, Echinocereus Monogr.: 7. 1998. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#45.96.1Echinocereus pectinatus var. wenigeri L.D.Benson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 40(3): 124–125, f. 3. 1968 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#45.97.1 Echinocereus pentalophus (DC.) J.N.Haage, Preisverzeichniss Cact. Succ.: 20. 1859. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.97.1Cereus pentalophus DC. in Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 117. 1828 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocereus pentalophus (DC.) Lem., Cactées: 56. 1868

Syn.#45.97.2= Cereus pentalophus var. radicans DC. in Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 117. 1828 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#45.97.3= Cereus pentalophus var. simplex DC. in Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 117. 1828 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#45.97.4= Cereus pentalophus var. subarticulatus DC. in Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 117. 1828 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#45.97.5= Cereus propinquus Salm-Dyck ex Otto in Allg. Gartenzeitung 1: 366. 1833 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#45.97.6= Cereus leptacanthus DC. ex Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 101. 1837 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#45.97.7= Cereus leptacanthus DC. ex Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1844: 23. 1845 syn. sec. Sánchez & al. (2018) Echinocereus leptacanthus (DC. ex Salm-Dyck) K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 260. 1898 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#45.97.8= Cereus propinquus var. subarticulatus Pfeiff. ex C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk.: 373. 1846 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#45.97.9= Echinocereus procumbens var. longispinus Hirscht in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 12: 135. 1902 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#45.97.10= Echinocereus runyonii Orcutt in Cactography 5. 1926 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#45.98.1 Echinocereus pentalophus subsp. leonensis (Mathsson) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 9. 1997. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#45.98.1Echinocereus leonensis Mathsson in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 1: 66. 1891 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocactus leonensis (Mathsson) K.Schum. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 5: 76. 1895 Cereus leonensis (Mathsson) Orcutt in W. Amer. Sci. 13: 27. 1902 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocereus pentalophus var. leonensis (Mathsson) N.P.Taylor, Gen. Echinocereus: 78. 1985 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#45.99.1 Echinocereus pentalophus subsp. pentalophus. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#45.100.1 Echinocereus pentalophus subsp. procumbens (Engelm.) W.Blum & Mich.Lange, Echinocereus Monogr.: 129. 1998. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#45.100.1Cereus procumbens Engelm. in Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, n.s. 4(1): 50. 1849 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocereus procumbens (Engelm.) Lem., Cactées: 56. 1868 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocereus pentalophus var. procumbens (Engelm.) P.Fourn., Cactées Pl. Grasses: 25. 1935 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocereus procumbens (Engelm.) Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 781. 1885 syn. sec. Blum & al. (1998)

Acc.#45.101.1 Echinocereus polyacanthus Engelm., Mem. Tour N. Mexico: 104. 1848. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.101.1Cereus polyacanthus Engelm., Pl. Fendler.: 51. 1849 syn. sec. Blum & al. (1998) Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. polyacanthus (Engelm. ex Wisl.) L.D.Benson in Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4, 25: 253. 1944 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2017) Echinocereus triglochidiatus subsp. polyacanthus (Engelm.) U.Guzmán in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 17. 2003 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#45.101.2= Cereus leeanus Hook. in Bot. Mag. 75: t. 4417. 1849 Echinocereus leeanus (Hook.) Lem., Cactées: 57. 1868 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2017)

Syn.#45.101.3= Cereus pleiogonus Labour., Monogr. Cactaceae: 317. 1853 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2017) Echinocereus pleiogonus (Labour.) Croucher in Garden (London) 13: 290. 1878 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2017)

Syn.#45.101.4= Echinocereus durangensis Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 800. 1885 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2017)

Syn.#45.101.5= Echinocereus durangensis var. nigrispinus Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 800. 1885 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2017)

Syn.#45.101.6= Echinocereus durangensis var. rufispinus Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 800. 1885 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2017)

Syn.#45.101.7= Echinocereus acifer var. diversispinus K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 287. 1898 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2017)

Syn.#45.101.8= Echinocereus acifer var. durangensis K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 287. 1898 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2017)

Syn.#45.101.9= Echinocereus leeanus var. multicostatus K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 289. 1898 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2017)

Syn.#45.101.10= Echinocereus marksianus Fritz Schwarz in Backeberg, Kakteenlex.: 124. 1966 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2017)

Notes. – The basionym C. pleiogonus had been previously assigned to E. triglochidiatus. However, the original description mentions a plant with 13 ribs, 9 radial spines and 4 central spines, which does not agree with E. triglochidiatus. Blum & al. (2017) suggest that C. pleiogonus may belong to E. polycanthus. [Sánchez (2021)]

Acc.#45.102.1 Echinocereus poselgeri Lem., Cactées: 57. 1868. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.102.1Cereus poselgeri (Lem.) J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 398. 1896 Wilcoxia poselgeri (Lem.) Britton & Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 434. 1909

Syn.#45.102.2= Cereus tuberosus Poselg. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 21: 135. 1853 Echinocereus tuberosus Poselg. ex Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2, 2(16): 783. 1886 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Wilcoxia tuberosa (Poselg.) A.Berger, Kakteen: 134. 1929

Syn.#45.102.3= Echinocereus poselgeri subsp. gerhardii Waldeis, W.Blum & D.Felix in Echinocereenfreund Sonderausg. 21: 53. 2008 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#45.102.4Wilcoxia tamaulipensis var. brevissima A.Cartier in Succulentes 1980(4): 7. 1980, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#45.103.1 Echinocereus primolanatus Fritz Schwarz ex N.P.Taylor, Gen. Echinocereus: 130. 1985. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.103.1Echinocereus primolanatus Fritz Schwarz ex Backeb., Cactaceae 4: 2043. 1960, nom. inval. syn. sec. Berendsohn (2020)

Acc.#45.104.1 Echinocereus pseudopectinatus (N.P.Taylor) N.P.Taylor in Bradleya 7: 74. 1989. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.104.1Echinocereus bristolii var. pseudopectinatus N.P.Taylor, Gen. Echinocereus: 120, f. A–C. 1985 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Echinocereus scopulorum subsp. pseudopectinatus (N.P.Taylor) W.Blum & Mich.Lange, Echinocereus Monogr.: 9. 1998 syn. sec. Tropicos

Acc.#45.105.1 Echinocereus pulchellus (Mart.) K.Schum. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(6a): 185. 1894. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2020)

Syn.#45.105.1Echinocactus pulchellus Mart. in Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 16: 342. 1828 syn. sec. Sánchez & al. (2020) Cereus pulchellus (Mart.) Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 74. 1837 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocereus pulchellus subsp. pulchellus syn. sec. Sánchez & al. (2020)

Syn.#45.105.2= Echinonyctanthus pulchellus Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 85. 1839 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#45.105.3= Echinopsis amoena A.Dietr. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 12: 187. 1844 syn. sec. Sánchez & al. (2020) Echinopsis pulchella var. amoena (A.Dietr.) C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk.: 364. 1846 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cereus amoenus (A.Dietr.) Hemsl. in Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot. 1(6): 540. 1880 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocereus amoenus (A.Dietr.) K.Schum. in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(6a): 185. 1894 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocereus pulchellus var. amoenus (A.Dietr.) K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 253. 1897 syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Echinocereus pulchellus var. amoenus (A.Dietr.) Kelsey & Dayton, Standard. Pl. Names, ed. 2. 71. 1942

Syn.#45.105.4= Echinopsis pulchella Zucc. ex C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk.: 363. 1846 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#45.105.5= Echinocereus pulchellus subsp. sladkovskyi Halda & Kupčák in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 7: 34. 2000 syn. sec. Sánchez & al. (2020)

Acc.#45.106.1 Echinocereus rayonesensis N.P.Taylor in Bradleya 6: 75–76. 1988. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.106.1Echinocereus parkeri subsp. rayonesensis (N.P.Taylor) D.Felix & W.Blum, Echinocereus 24 (special edition): 99. 2011 syn. sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Acc.#45.107.1 Echinocereus reichenbachii (Terscheck ex Walp.) J.N.Haage, Preisverzeichniss Cact. Succ.: 20. 1859. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.107.1Echinocactus reichenbachii Terscheck ex Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 2: 320. 1843 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Echinopsis pectinata var. reichenbachii (Terscheck ex Walp.) Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1844: 26. 1845 syn. sec. WFO 2019 Echinocereus reichenbachii var. reichenbachii Echinocereus reichenbachii (Terscheck) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 25. 1922, nom. inval. syn. sec. Berendsohn (2020)

Syn.#45.107.2= Cereus caespitosus Engelm. in Boston J. Nat. Hist. 5: 247. 1845 Echinocereus caespitosus (Engelm.) Engelm., Mem. Tour N. Mexico: 110. 1848 Echinocereus pectinatus var. caespitosus (Engelm.) K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 272. 1898 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocereus reichenbachii subsp. caespitosus (Engelm.) W.Blum & Mich.Lange, Echinocereus Prepr.: 8. 1998 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#45.107.3= Echinopsis reichenbachiana Pfeiff. ex C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk.: 365. 1846 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#45.107.4= Cereus caespitosus var. castaneus Engelm. in Boston J. Nat. Hist. 6: 203. 1850 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cereus reichenbachianus var. castaneus Labour., Monogr. Cactaceae: 319. 1853 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922) Echinocereus caespitosus var. castaneus (Engelm.) Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 811. 1885 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocereus castaneus (Engelm.) Orcutt in Cactography 4. 1926 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocereus caespitosus f. castaneus (Engelm.) Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 174. 1937 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#45.107.5= Cereus pectinifer Labour., Monogr. Cact.: 320. 1853 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#45.107.6= Cereus reichenbachianus Labour., Monogr. Cactaceae: 318. 1853 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#45.107.7= Cereus caespitosus var. major Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 280. 1856 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocereus caespitosus var. major (Engelm.) Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 811. 1885 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#45.107.8= Cereus caespitosus var. minor Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 280. 1856 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#45.107.9= Cereus concolor J.M.Bigelow, Expl. Railroad Mississippi Pacific Add.: 2. 1856 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#45.107.10= Echinocereus texensis Jacobi in Allg. Gartenzeitung 24: 110. 1856 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#45.107.11= Echinocereus rotatus Linke in Wochenschr. Gärtnerei Pflanzenk. 1: 85. 1858 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#45.107.12= Echinocereus rungei K.Schum. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 5: 124. 1895 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Syn.#45.107.13= Echinocereus reichenbachii subsp. comanchensis D.Felix, Oldach & J.Oldach, Echinocereus reichenbachii-fitchii-Komplex: 209. 2005 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#45.108.1 Echinocereus reichenbachii subsp. armatus (Poselg.) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 9. 1997. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#45.108.1Cereus pectinatus var. armatus Poselg. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 21: 134. 1853 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocereus armatus (Poselg.) A.Berger, Kakteen: 179. 1929 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocereus reichenbachii var. armatus (Poselg.) N.P.Taylor, Gen. Echinocereus: 133. 1985 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocereus fitchii subsp. armatus (Poselg.) W.Blum, Mich.Lange & Rutow, Echinocereus Monogr.: 5. 1998 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#45.109.1 Echinocereus reichenbachii subsp. baileyi (Rose) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 9. 1997. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#45.109.1Echinocereus baileyi Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12(9): 403, pl. 56–57. 1909 Echinocereus reichenbachii var. baileyi (Rose) N.P.Taylor, Gen. Echinocereus: 133. 1985

Syn.#45.109.2= Echinocereus albispinus Lahman in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 6: 143. 1935 syn. sec. Blum & al. (1998) Echinocereus baileyi var. albispinus (Lahman) Backeb. in Kakteenkunde 1941: 47. 1941 syn. sec. Blum & al. (1998) Echinocereus reichenbachii var. albispinus (Lahman) L.D.Benson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 41: 127. 1969 syn. sec. Blum & al. (1998)

Syn.#45.109.3= Echinocereus purpureus Lahman in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 6: 141. 1935 syn. sec. Blum & al. (1998)

Syn.#45.109.4= Echinocereus baileyi var. brunispinus Backeb. in Kakteenkunde 1941: 4. 1941 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#45.109.5= Echinocereus baileyi var. flavispinus Backeb. in Kakteenkunde 1941: 4. 1941 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#45.109.6= Echinocereus baileyi var. roseispinus Backeb. in Kakteenkunde 1941: 4. 1941 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#45.109.7= Echinocereus longispinus Lahman in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 22: 128. 1950 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#45.109.8= Echinocereus oklahomensis Lahman in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 22: 128. 1950 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#45.109.9= Echinocereus baileyi var. caespiticus Backeb., Cactaceae 4: 2011. 1960 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#45.109.10Echinocereus mariae Backeb. in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 20: 19. 1965, nom. inval. syn. sec. Blum & al. (1998)

Acc.#45.110.1 Echinocereus reichenbachii subsp. burrensis G.Frank, Metorn & E.Scherer in Echinocereenfreund 13: 63. 2000. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#45.111.1 Echinocereus reichenbachii subsp. fitchii (Britton & Rose) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 9. 1997. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#45.111.1Echinocereus fitchii Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 30, pl. 3, f. 2. 1922 Echinocereus reichenbachii var. fitchii (Britton & Rose) L.D.Benson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 41: 127. 1969

Syn.#45.111.2= Echinocereus melanocentrus Graessner, Hauptverz.: 6. 1937 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#45.111.3= Echinocereus reichenbachii var. albertii L.D.Benson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 41: 127. 1969 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocereus fitchii subsp. albertii (L.D.Benson) W.Blum & Mich.Lange, Echinocereus Monogr.: 5. 1998 Echinocereus reichenbachii subsp. albertii (L.D.Benson) Pilbeam, Echinocereus: 117. 2011 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#45.111.4= Echinocereus fitchii subsp. bergmannii W.Blum, Echinocereus reichenbachii-fitchii-Komplex: 265. 2005 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#45.112.1 Echinocereus reichenbachii subsp. perbellus (Britton & Rose) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 9. 1997. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#45.112.1Echinocereus perbellus Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 24–25, f. 24. 1922 Echinocereus reichenbachii var. perbellus (Britton & Rose) L.D.Benson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 41: 127. 1969

Acc.#45.113.1 Echinocereus reichenbachii subsp. reichenbachii. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#45.114.1 Echinocereus relictus Wellard in J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 10: 354. 2016. Sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#45.115.1 Echinocereus rigidissimus (Engelm.) Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 293. 1909. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.115.1Cereus pectinatus var. rigidissimus Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 279. 1856 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Echinocereus pectinatus var. rigidissimus (Engelm.) Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 818. 1885 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Echinocereus dasyacanthus var. rigidissimus (Engelm.) W.T.Marshall in Marshall & Bock, Cactaceae: 119. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocereus rigidissimus var. rigidissimus Echinocereus rigidissimus (Engelm.) F.Haage, Special Preisverz.: 13. 1897, nom. inval. syn. sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.115.2Echinocereus rigidispinus (Muehlenpf.) Engelm. ex J.N.Haage in Preis-Verz. Cact.: 23. 1859, nom. nud. syn. sec. Blum & al. (1998)

Acc.#45.116.1 Echinocereus rigidissimus subsp. rigidissimus. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#45.117.1 Echinocereus rigidissimus subsp. rubispinus (G.Frank & A.B.Lau) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 9. 1997. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#45.117.1Echinocereus pectinatus var. rubispinus G.Frank & A.B.Lau in Kakteen And. Sukk. 33(2): 35. 1982 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocereus rigidissimus var. rubispinus (G.Frank & A.B.Lau) N.P.Taylor in Kew Mag. 1: 175. 1984 Echinocereus ×roetteri (Engelm.) Engelm. ex Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2, 2(16): 829. 1886. Sec. Hunt (2016) Cereus roetteri Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 345–346. 1856 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Cereus ×roetteri Engelm., Descr. Cact.: 33. 1856 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#45.118.1 Echinocereus ×roetteri var. lloydii (Britton & Rose) Backeb., Cactaceae 4: 2027. 1960

Syn.#45.118.1Echinocereus lloydii Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 37–38. 1922 syn. sec. IPNI

Acc.#45.119.1 Echinocereus ×roetteri var. neomexicanus (J.M.Coult.) A.D.Zimmerman, Cacti Trans-Pecos: 211. 2004

Syn.#45.119.1Cereus dasyacanthus var. neomexicanus J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 384. 1896 syn. sec. Tropicos Echinocereus pectinatus var. neomexicanus (J.M.Coult.) L.D.Benson in Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4, 25: 256. 1944 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#45.120.1 Echinocereus russanthus D.Weniger in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 41: 41, f. 5. 1969. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.120.1Echinocereus chloranthus var. russanthus (D.Weniger) Lamb. ex G.D.Rowley in Repert. Pl. Succ. 23: 7. 1974 ["1972"] syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocereus viridiflorus var. russanthus (D.Weniger) A.D.Zimmerman, Cacti Trans-Pecos: 263. 2004 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocereus russanthus subsp. russanthus

Syn.#45.120.2= Echinocereus russanthus var. fiehnii Trocha in Echinocereenfreund 10: 69. 1997 Echinocereus russanthus subsp. fiehnii (Trocha) W.Blum & Mich.Lange, Echinocereus Monogr.: 8. 1998 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#45.120.3= Echinocereus russanthus subsp. weedinii Leuck. ex W.Blum & Mich.Lange, Echinocereus Monogr.: 8. 1998 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Echinocereus viridiflorus var. weedinii (Leuck ex W.Blum & Mich.Lange) A.D.Zimmerman, Cacti Trans-Pecos: 270. 2004

Acc.#45.121.1 Echinocereus salm-dyckianus Scheer in Bot. Voy. Herald: 291. 1856. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#45.121.2= Cereus salm-dyckianus Hemsl. in Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot. 1(6): 545. 1880 syn. sec. Rischer (2016)

Syn.#45.121.3= Echinocereus salmianus Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 809. 1885 syn. sec. Rischer (2016)

Syn.#45.121.4= Cereus salmianus J.F.Cels in Weber, Dict. Hort.: 472. 1896 syn. sec. Rischer (2016)

Syn.#45.121.5= Echinocereus salmianus K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 255. 1897 syn. sec. Rischer (2016)

Syn.#45.121.6= Echinocereus salm-dyckianus var. noctiflorus Heid in Leafl. W. Bot. 4: 27. 1944 syn. sec. Rischer (2016)

Syn.#45.121.7= Echinocereus scheeri var. obscuriensis A.B.Lau in Kakteen And. Sukk. 40: 36. 1989 syn. sec. Rischer (2016) Echinocereus salm-dyckianus subsp. obscuriensis (A.B.Lau) W.Blum in Echinocereenfreund 7: 82. 1994 syn. sec. Rischer (2016) Echinocereus salm-dyckianus f. obscuriensis (A.B.Lau) W.Rischer & Trocha in Echinocereenfreund Sonderausg. 1999: 10. 1999 syn. sec. Rischer (2016) Echinocereus scheeri subsp. obscuriensis (A.B.Lau) U.Guzmán in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 17. 2003 syn. sec. Rischer (2016)

Syn.#45.121.8= Echinocereus scheeri subsp. rischeri R.C.Römer in Echinocereenfreund 17: 8. 2004 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021) Echinocereus rischeri (R.C.Römer) W.Rischer in Echinocereenfreund 20: 118. 2007 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Notes. – Taylor (1985) and Sánchez & al. (2013) suggest that E. salm-dyckianus and E. scheeri represent the same species. However, chromosome numbers suggest that E. scheeri is diploid, while E. salm-dyckianus is tetraploid (Rischer 2016). The morphology of the tetraploid E. rischeri overlaps to E. salm-dyckianus and both inhabit the same geographical region (at Sierra Madre Occidental, mainly Chihuahua and Sonora, Mexico). Although differences in flower opening are reported (night vs all day opening), they are not mutually exclusive. So, in the absence of phylogenetic or statistical data, E. rischeri and E. salm-dyckianus are treated here as belonging to the tetraploid lineage. [Sánchez (2021)]

Acc.#45.122.1 Echinocereus sanpedroensis Raudonat & Rischer in Echinocereenfreund 8: 88. 1995. Sec. Rischer (2016)

Acc.#45.123.1 Echinocereus santaritensis W.Blum & Rutow, Echinocereus: 369. 1998. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.123.1Echinocereus coccineus subsp. santaritensis (W.Blum & Rutow) M.A.Baker in Phytoneuron 2014-69: 38. 2014 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Acc.#45.124.1 Echinocereus santaritensis subsp. bacanorensis (W.Rischer & Trocha) W.Rischer & D.Felix in Echinocereenfreund 19(3): 91. 2006. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#45.124.1Echinocereus salm-dyckianus subsp. bacanorensis W.Rischer & Trocha in Echinocereenfreund 11(1): 3–10. 1998 Echinocereus klapperi subsp. bacanorensis (W.Rischer & Trocha) W.Rischer in Echinocereenfreund 16: 22. 2003 Echinocereus bacanorensis (W.Rischer & Trocha) W.Blum in Echinocereenfreund 30 (Sonderausg.): 406. 2017

Acc.#45.125.1 Echinocereus santaritensis subsp. santaritensis. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#45.126.1 Echinocereus scheeri (Salm-Dyck) Scheer, Bot. Voy. Herald: 291. 1856. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.126.1Cereus scheeri Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 190. 1850 Echinocereus scheeri (Salm-Dyck) Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 801. 1885

Acc.#45.127.1 Echinocereus scheeri subsp. gentryi (Clover) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 9. 1997. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#45.127.1Echinocereus gentryi Clover in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 65(8): 565. f. 1–3. 1936 Echinocereus scheeri var. gentryi (Clover) N.P.Taylor in Kew Mag. 1: 154. 1984

Syn.#45.127.2= Echinocereus cucumis Werderm. in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 4: 4. 1949 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#45.128.1 Echinocereus scheeri subsp. scheeri. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#45.128.2= Echinocereus scheeri var. nigrispinus Scheer, Bot. Voy. Herald: 291. 1856 syn. sec. Rischer (2016)

Syn.#45.128.3= Echinocereus scheeri var. major Focke in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 15: 175. 1905 syn. sec. Rischer (2016)

Syn.#45.128.4= Echinocereus scheeri var. minor Hutch. & Dalziel in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 15: 175. 1905 syn. sec. Rischer (2016)

Syn.#45.128.5= Echinocereus scheeri var. robustior Focke in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 15: 161. 1905 syn. sec. Rischer (2016)

Syn.#45.128.6= Echinocereus scheeri subsp. paridensis Rischer & Trocha in Echinocereenfreund 11: 58. 1998 syn. sec. Rischer (2016)

Acc.#45.129.1 Echinocereus schereri G.Frank in Kakteen And. Sukk. 41(8): 159. 1990. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#45.130.1 Echinocereus schmollii (Weing.) N.P.Taylor, Gen. Echinocereus: 140. 1985. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.130.1Cereus schmollii Weing. in Monatsschr. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 3: 251. 1931 Wilcoxia schmollii (Weing.) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 323. 1936 ["1935"]

Syn.#45.130.2= Wilcoxia nerispina A.Cartier in Succulentes 1980(4): 9. 1980 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#45.130.3Wilcoxia schmollii var. lanata A.Cartier in Succulentes 1980(4): 8. 1980, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#45.131.1 Echinocereus sciurus (K.Brandegee) Dams in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 14(8): 130. 1904. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.131.1Cereus sciurus K.Brandegee in Zoë 5(10): 192. 1905 Echinocereus sciurus (K.Brandegee) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 22. 1922 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Acc.#45.132.1 Echinocereus sciurus subsp. floresii (Schwarz ex Backeb.) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 10. 1997. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#45.132.1Echinocereus floresii Schwarz ex Backeb. in Blätt. Sukkulentenk. 1: 5. 1949 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocereus sciurus var. floresii (Backeb.) N.P.Taylor, Gen. Echinocereus: 115. 1985 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocereus bristolii subsp. floresii (Backeb.) W.Blum & Mich.Lange, Echinocereus Monogr.: 3. 1998 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#45.133.1 Echinocereus sciurus subsp. sciurus. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#45.134.1 Echinocereus scopulorum Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 30–31, f. 34. 1922. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Acc.#45.135.1 Echinocereus sharpii (N.P.Taylor) Dan.Sánchez & Gómez-Quintero in Brittonia 72(4): 448. 2020. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2020)

Syn.#45.135.1Echinocereus pulchellus var. sharpii N.P.Taylor in Bradleya 7: 75. 1989 syn. sec. Sánchez & al. (2020) Echinocereus pulchellus subsp. sharpii (N.P.Taylor) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 9. 1997 syn. sec. Sánchez & al. (2020)

Acc.#45.136.1 Echinocereus spinigemmatus A.B.Lau in Kakteen And. Sukk. 35: 250. 1984. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Acc.#45.137.1 Echinocereus stolonifer W.T.Marshall in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 9: 159. 1938. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.137.1Echinocereus stoloniferus W.T.Marshall, nom. inval. syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2021) [is orthographic variant for

Acc.#45.138.1 Echinocereus stolonifer W.T.Marshall]

Acc.#45.139.1 Echinocereus stolonifer subsp. stolonifer. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#45.139.2= Echinocereus subterraneus Backeb., Cactaceae 4: 2012. 1960 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#45.140.1 Echinocereus stolonifer subsp. tayopensis (W.T.Marshall) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 10. 1997. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#45.140.1Echinocereus tayopensis W.T.Marshall in Saguaroland Bull. 10: 78. 1956 Echinocereus stolonifer var. tayopensis (W.T.Marshall) N.P.Taylor in Kew Mag. 2: 258. 1985 Echinocereus stolonifer subsp. tayopensis (W.T.Marshall) G.Pichler in Repert. Pl. Succ. 45: 9. 1994

Acc.#45.141.1 Echinocereus stramineus (Engelm.) F.Seitz, Cat. Cact. Cult.: 11. 1870. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.141.1Cereus stramineus Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 282. 1856 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Echinocereus stramineus (Engelm.) Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 797. 1885 syn. sec. Tropicos Echinocereus enneacanthus var. stramineus (Engelm.) L.D.Benson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 41: 127. 1969 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocereus stramineus subsp. stramineus Echinocereus stramineus var. stramineus

Syn.#45.141.2= Echinocereus conglomeratus Mathsson in Gartenflora 39: 465. 1890 syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Syn.#45.141.3= Echinocereus conglomeratus C.F.Först. ex K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 278. 1898 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021) Cereus conglomeratus (C.F.Först.) A.Berger in Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 16: 81. 1905 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021) Echinocereus enneacanthus var. conglomeratus (C.F.Först. ex K.Schum.) L.D.Benson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 46: 80. 1974 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021) Echinocereus stramineus var. conglomeratus (C.F.Först.) Bravo in Cact. Suc. Mex. 19: 47. 1974 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021) Echinocereus stramineus subsp. conglomeratus (C.F.Först. ex K.Schum.) W.Blum in

Acc.#45.142.1 Xerophilia special issue 7.2: 16. 2015 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Acc.#45.143.1 Echinocereus subinermis Salm-Dyck ex Scheer in Bot. Voy. Herald: 291. 1856. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.143.2= Cereus subinermis Hemsl. in Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot. 1(6): 546. 1880 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#45.144.1 Echinocereus subinermis subsp. ochoterenae (J.G.Ortega) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 10. 1997. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#45.144.1Echinocereus ochoterenae J.G.Ortega in Revista Mexico Forestal 6: 88. 1928 Echinocereus subinermis var. ochoterenae (J.G.Ortega) G.Unger in Kakteen And. Sukk. 35: 164. 1984

Acc.#45.145.1 Echinocereus subinermis subsp. subinermis. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#45.145.2= Echinocereus luteus Britton & Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: 239. 1913 syn. sec. Blum & al. (1998) Echinocereus subinermis var. luteus (Britton & Rose) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 312. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Blum & al. (1998) Echinocereus subinermis var. luteus (Britton & Rose) Backeb., Cactaceae 4: 1994. 1960 syn. sec. Blum & al. (1998) Echinocactus lutens Britton & Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: 259. 1913 syn. sec. Blum & al. (1998) [is misspelling for Echinocereus luteus Britton & Rose]

Acc.#45.146.1 Echinocereus tamaulipensis (Werderm.) Mich.Lange in Kakteen And. Sukk. 46: 139. 1995. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.146.1Wilcoxia tamaulipensis Werderm. in Kakteenkunde & Kakteenfr. 1938: 86. 1938

Acc.#45.147.1 Echinocereus triglochidiatus Engelm., Mem. Tour N. Mexico: 93. 1848. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.147.1Cereus triglochidiatus Engelm., Pl. Fendler.: 51. 1849 Echinocereus paucispinus var. triglochidiatus (Engelm.) K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 281. 1898

Syn.#45.147.2= Echinocereus hexaedrus Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 807. 1885 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Acc.#45.148.1 Echinocereus triglochidiatus subsp. mojavensis (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) W.Blum & Mich.Lange, Echinocereus Monogr: 9. 1998. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#45.148.1Cereus mojavensis Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 281–282. 1856 syn. sec. IPNI: 20 mar 2021 Echinocereus mojavensis (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) Engelm. ex Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2, 2(16): 803. 1886 Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. mojavensis (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) L.D.Benson in Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4, 25: 253. 1944 Echinocereus coccineus subsp. mojavensis (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 8. 1997 Cereus mojavensis Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow in Pacif. Railr. Rep. Parke, Bot. 4: 33. 1857 syn. sec. TPL (2013)

Syn.#45.148.2= Cereus mojavensis var. zuniensis Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 281. 1856 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocereus mojavensis var. zuniensis (Engelm.) Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2, 2(16): 803. 1886 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#45.148.3= Cereus bigelovii Engelm. in Pacif. Railr. Rep. Parke, Bot. 4: t. 4, f. 8. 1857 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#45.148.4= Cereus mohavensis S.Watson, Bibl. Index N. Amer. Bot.: 398. 1878 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#45.148.5= Echinocereus phoeniceus var. inermis K.Schum. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 6: 150. 1896 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021) Echinocereus phoeniceus f. inermis (K.Schum.) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 138. 1907 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021) Echinocereus coccineus var. inermis (K.Schum.) J.A.Purpus in Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 1925: 49. 1925 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021) Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. inermis (K.Schum.) Arp in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 45: 132. 1973 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021) Echinocereus triglochidiatus f. inermis (K.Schum.) W.Blum, Echinocereus Monogr.: 9. 1998 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Syn.#45.148.6= Echinocereus sandersi Orcutt in Cactography 5. 1926 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2015)

Acc.#45.149.1 Echinocereus triglochidiatus subsp. triglochidiatus. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#45.149.2= Cereus gonacanthus Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 283. 1856 syn. sec. Sánchez (2021) Echinocereus gonacanthus (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) Lem., Cactées: 57. 1868 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2015) Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. gonacanthus (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) Boissev., Colorado Cact.: 36. 1940 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2015) Echinocereus paucispinus var. gonacanthus (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 281. 1898 syn. sec. Tropicos Cereus gonacanthus Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow in Pacif. Railr. Rep. Parke, Bot. 4: 33. 1857, nom. inval. syn. sec. Sánchez (2021)

Syn.#45.149.3= Cereus hexaedrus Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow in Pacif. Railr. Rep. Parke, Bot. 4: 34. 1857 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2015) Echinocereus paucispinus var. hexaedrus (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 281. 1898 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2015) Echinocereus triglochidiatus var. hexaedrus (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) Boissev., Colorado Cact.: 36. 1940 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2015)

Syn.#45.149.4= Echinocereus gonacanthus Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 806. 1885 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#45.149.5= Echinocereus monacanthus Heese in Gartenflora 53: 215. 1904 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2015)

Acc.#45.150.1 Echinocereus viereckii Werderm. in Kakteenkunde 1934: 188. 1934. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Acc.#45.151.1 Echinocereus viereckii subsp. morricalii (Říha) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 10. 1997. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#45.151.1Echinocereus morricalii Říha in Kaktusy (Brno) 11(4): 75. 1974 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocereus viereckii var. morricalii (Říha) N.P.Taylor, Gen. Echinocereus: 93. 1985 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#45.151.2= Echinocereus viereckii subsp. huastecensis W.Blum, Mich.Lange & Rutow, Echinocereus Monogr.: 9. 1998 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#45.152.1 Echinocereus viereckii subsp. santamariensis W.Blum & D.Felix in Echinocereenfreund 23(3): 65. 2010. Sec. Felix & Bauer (2018)

Acc.#45.153.1 Echinocereus viereckii subsp. viereckii. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#45.154.1 Echinocereus viridiflorus Engelm., Mem. Tour N. Mexico: 91. 1848. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.154.1Cereus viridiflorus Engelm., Pl. Fendler.: 50. 1849 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922) Echinocactus viridiflorus (Engelm.) Pritz., Icon. Bot. Index 2: 114. 1855 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922) Echinocereus viridiflorus var. viridiflorus

Acc.#45.155.1 Echinocereus viridiflorus subsp. correllii (L.D.Benson) W.Blum & Mich.Lange, Echinocereus Monogr: 10. 1998. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#45.155.1Echinocereus viridiflorus var. correllii L.D.Benson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 41(3): 128. 1969

Acc.#45.156.1 Echinocereus viridiflorus subsp. viridiflorus. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#45.156.2= Cereus viridiflorus var. minor Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 278. 1856 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#45.156.3= Echinocereus labouretianus Lem., Cactées: 57. 1868 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#45.156.4= Echinocactus labouretii C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 811. 1885 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#45.156.5= Echinocereus viridiflorus var. gracilispinus Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 814. 1885 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#45.156.6= Echinocereus strausianus Haage Jr. in Quehl in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 10: 70. 1890 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#45.156.7= Echinocereus viridiflorus var. major Bridson in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 16: 142. 1906 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#45.156.8= Echinocereus viridiflorus var. rubra Frič in Ceskoslov. Zahradn. Listy 1924: 121. 1924 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Acc.#45.157.1 Echinocereus waldeisii Haugg in Kakteen And. Sukk. 45(1): 6. 1994. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Syn.#45.157.1Echinocereus tamaulipensis subsp. waldeisii (Haugg) Mich.Lange in Kakteen And. Sukk. 46: 142. 1995

Syn.#45.157.2= Echinocereus tamaulipensis subsp. deherdtii Mich.Lange in Kakteen And. Sukk. 46: 140. 1995 syn. sec. Blum & al. (2018)

Acc.#45.158.1 Echinocereus websterianus G.E.Linds. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 19: 153, f. 102–103. 1947. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Acc.#45.159.1 Echinocereus weinbergii Weing. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 12: 83. 1912. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2020)

Syn.#45.159.1Echinocereus pulchellus var. weinbergii (Weing.) N.P.Taylor in Kew Mag. 2: 272. 1985 syn. sec. Sánchez & al. (2020) Echinocereus pulchellus subsp. weinbergii (Weing.) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 9. 1997 syn. sec. Sánchez & al. (2020)

Acc.#45.160.1 Echinocereus weinbergii subsp. venustus (W.Blum & W.Rischer) Gómez-Quintero & Dan.Sánchez in Brittonia 72 (4): 449. 2020. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2020)

Syn.#45.160.1Echinocereus pulchellus subsp. venustus W.Blum & W.Rischer, Echinocereus Prepr.: 7. 1998 syn. sec. Sánchez & al. (2020)

Acc.#45.161.1 Echinocereus weinbergii subsp. weinbergii. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2020)

Syn.#45.161.2= Echinocereus pulchellus var. costatus Halda, Kupčák & Sladk. in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 7: 34. 2000 syn. sec. Sánchez & al. (2020)

Acc.#45.162.1 Echinocereus yavapaiensis M.A.Baker in Pl. Syst. Evol. 258: 79. 2006. Sec. Sánchez & al. (2018)

Acc.#46. Echinopsis Zucc. in Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 2: 675. 1837. Sec. Schlumpberger & Renner (2012) Type: Echinopsis eyriesii (Turpin) Zucc.

Syn.#46.g1= Echinonyctanthus Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 10. 1839 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#46.0.1= Aureilobivia Frič ex Kreuz., Verzeichnis Amer. Sukk. Rev. Syst. Kakteen: 33. 1935 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.0.2= Lobiviopsis Frič ex Kreuz., Verzeichnis Amer. Sukk. Rev. Syst. Kakteen: 34. 1935 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.0.3= Hymenorebutia Frič ex Buining in Succulenta (Netherlands) 21: 101. 1939 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#46.0.4= Acantholobivia Backeb. in Cactaceae (Berlin) 1941(2): 76. 1942. Type: Acantholobivia tegeleriana (Backeb.) Backeb.

Syn.#46.0.5Acanthanthus Y.Itô, Cactaceae: 354. 1981, nom. illeg. syn. sec. Schlumpberger & Renner (2012)

Syn.#46.0.6= Pseudolobivia (Backeb.) Backeb. in Jahrb. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 1941(2): 76. 1942. Type: Pseudolobivia ancistrophora (Speg.) Backeb.

Syn.#46.0.7= Furiolobivia Y.Itô, Explan. Diagr. Austroechinocactinae: 286. 1957 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.0.8= Salpingolobivia Y.Itô, Explan. Diagr. Austroechinocactinae: 290. 1957 syn. sec. Schlumpberger & Renner (2012)

Syn.#46.0.9= ×Echinobivia G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 21: 82. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.0.10= Cosmantha Y.Itô, Hana Shaboten Zufu: 148. 1967 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.0.11= ×Salpingolobiviopsis Y.Itô, Hana Shaboten Zufu: 48. 1967 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.0.12= ×Soehrenantha Y.Itô, Shaboten (Zushi) 92: 25. 1976 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.0.13= ×Soehrenlobivia Y.Itô, Cactaceae: 650. 1981 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.0.14= ×Chamaecereopsis P.V.Heath in Calyx 1: 103. 1992 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.0.15= ×Soehrenopsis Ficzere & Fabian, Debreceni Pozsgástár 18(2): 5. 2015 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.0.16Hymenorebulobivia Frič ex Kreuz., Verzeichnis Amer. Sukk. Rev. Syst. Kakteen: 29. 1935, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.0.17Megalobivia Y.Itô in Bull. Takarazuka Insectarium 71: 17. 1950, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.0.18Pilopsis Y.Itô in Bull. Takarazuka Insectarium 71: 17. 1950, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.0.19×Soehrenfuria Y.Itô, Cactaceae: 649. 1981, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Notes. – Molecular phylogenetic studies indicate that previous taxonomic concepts for the Echinopsis alliance fail to reflect natural relationships (e.g. Schlumpberger & Renner 2012). For a natural classification the following segregate genera are accepted here: Acanthocalycium, Chamaecereus, Echinopsis, Leucostele, Lobivia, Reicheocactus, Setiechinopsis, Soehrensia and Trichocereus. The new generic concept for the Echinopsis alliance, with all the segregate genera accepted, was also already used in the 3rd edition of the CITES Cactaceae Checklist (Hunt 2016). [Schlumpberger (2021)]

Acc.#46.1.1 Echinopsis aurea Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 74. 1922. Sec. Schlumpberger & Renner (2012)

Syn.#46.1.1Lobivia aurea (Britton & Rose) Backeb. in Kakteen-Freund 3: 85, fig. 1934 syn. sec. Schlumpberger & Renner (2012) Pseudolobivia aurea (Britton & Rose) Backeb. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 23: 49. 1951 syn. sec. Schlumpberger & Renner (2012) Salpingolobivia aurea (Britton & Rose) Y.Itô, Explan. Diagr. Austroechinocactinae: 136. 1957 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Hymenorebutia aurea (Britton & Rose) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 467. 1980 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia shaferi subsp. aurea (Britton & Rose) E.Herzog in Kakteen Sukk. 19: 6. 1985

Syn.#46.1.2= Lobivia cylindrica Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 415. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Salpingolobivia cylindrica (Backeb.) Y.Itô, Explan. Diagr. Austroechinocactinae: 138. 1957 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Hymenorebutia aurea var. cylindrica (Backeb.) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 467. 1980 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinopsis fallax var. cylindrica (Backeb.) J.G.Lamb., Cactus Argentine, ed. 2: 55. 1998 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.1.3= Salpingolobivia spinosissima Y.Itô, Explan. Diagr. Austroechinocactinae: 291. 1957 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.1.4= Salpingolobivia spinosissima var. rubriflora Y.Itô, Expl. Diagr.: 291. 1957 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.1.5= Echinopsis aurea var. quinesensis Rausch in Kakteen And. Sukk. 11: 214. 1965 syn. sec. Tropicos Echinopsis aurea var. quinensis Rausch in Kakteen And. Sukk. 21: 45. 1970 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Hymenorebutia quinesensis (Rausch) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 469. 1980 syn. sec. Tropicos Lobivia aurea var. quinesensis (Rausch) Rausch ex G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 44: 80. 1982 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinopsis quinesensis (Rausch) H.Friedrich & Glaetzle in Bradleya 1: 96. 1983 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia shaferi var. quinesensis (Rausch) E.Herzog in Kakteen Sukk. 19: 11. 1985

Syn.#46.1.6= Hymenorebutia aurea var. catamarcensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 468. 1980 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia aurea var. catamarcensis (F.Ritter) Rausch, Lobivia 85: 16. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinopsis fallax var. catamarcensis (F.Ritter) Lambinon in Succulenta (Netherlands) 67: 182. 1988 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinopsis aurea var. catamarcensis (F.Ritter) J.Ullmann in Kaktusy (Brno) 26: 7. 1990 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.1.7= Hymenorebutia aurea var. depressicostata F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 468. 1980 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinopsis fallax var. depressicostata (F.Ritter) Lambinon in Succulenta (Netherlands) 67: 182. 1988 syn. sec. Schlumpberger & Renner (2012) Echinopsis aurea var. depressicostata (F.Ritter) J.Ullmann in Kaktusy (Brno) 26: 7. 1990 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.1.8= Hymenorebutia aurea var. lariojensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 467. 1980 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinopsis aurea var. lariojensis (F.Ritter) J.Ullmann in Kaktusy (Brno) 26: 7. 1990 syn. sec. Schlumpberger & Renner (2012)

Syn.#46.1.9= Lobivia aurea var. sierragrandensis Rausch, Lobivia 85: 137. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Schlumpberger & Renner (2012) Echinopsis aurea var. sierragrandensis (Rausch) J.Ullmann in Kaktusy (Brno) 26: 7. 1990 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.1.10= Lobivia aurea var. tortuosa Rausch, Lobivia 85: 137. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinopsis fallax var. tortuosa (Rausch) J.G.Lamb. in Succulenta (Netherlands) 67: 182. 1988 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinopsis aurea var. tortuosa (Rausch) J.Ullmann in Kaktusy (Brno) 26: 7. 1990 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.1.11= Pseudolobivia luteiflora Backeb., Kakteenlex.: 373. 1966, nom. illeg. syn. sec. Tropicos Lobivia shaferi f. luteiflora (Backeb.) E.Herzog in Kakteen Sukk. 19: 7. 1985, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.1.12Lobivia aurea var. elegans Backeb. in Kakteen-Freund 3: 86. 1934, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#46.2.1 Echinopsis aurea subsp. albiflora (Rausch) Lodé in Cact.-Avent. Int. 98(Suppl.): 3. 2013. Sec. Schlumpberger (2021)

Syn.#46.2.1Lobivia aurea var. albiflora Rausch in Succulenta (Netherlands) 58: 162. 1979 syn. sec. Schlumpberger (2021) Lobivia shaferi var. albiflora (Rausch) E.Herzog in Kakteen Sukk. 19: 9. 1985 syn. sec. Schlumpberger (2021) Echinopsis fallax var. albiflora (Rausch) Lambinon in Succulenta (Netherlands) 67: 182. 1988 syn. sec. Schlumpberger (2021) Echinopsis aurea var. albiflora (Rausch) J.Ullmann in Kaktusy (Brno) 26: 7. 1990 syn. sec. Schlumpberger (2021)

Acc.#46.3.1 Echinopsis aurea subsp. aurea. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#46.4.1 Echinopsis aurea subsp. dobeana (Dölz) Lodé in Cact.-Avent. Int. 98(Suppl.): 3. 2013. Sec. Schlumpberger (2021)

Syn.#46.4.1Lobivia dobeana Dölz in Beitr. Sukkulentenk. Sukkulentenpflege 1942(1): 4. 1942 syn. sec. Schlumpberger (2021) Lobivia aurea var. dobeana (Dölz) Rausch, Lobivia: 148. 1975 syn. sec. Schlumpberger (2021) Echinopsis aurea var. dobeana (Dölz) J.Ullmann in Kaktusy (Brno) 26: 7. 1990 syn. sec. Schlumpberger (2021) Echinopsis dobeana (Dölz) J.G.Lamb., Cactus Argentine, ed. 2: 51. 1998 syn. sec. Schlumpberger (2021)

Acc.#46.5.1 Echinopsis aurea subsp. fallax (Oehme) M.Lowry in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 19: 11. 2005. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#46.5.1Lobivia fallax Oehme in Kakteenkunde 1939: 4. 1939 Pseudolobivia aurea var. fallax (Oehme) Backeb., Cactaceae 2: 1357. 1959 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinopsis fallax (Oehme) H.Friedrich in Kakteen And. Sukk. 25: 82. 1974 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Lobivia shaferi subsp. fallax (Oehme) E.Herzog in Kakteen Sukk. 19: 14. 1985 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinopsis aurea var. fallax (Oehme) J.Ullmann in Kaktusy (Brno) 26(1): 7. 1990 Lobivia aurea subsp. fallax (Oehme) Lodé in Cact.-Avent. Int. 100: 29. 2013 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.5.2= Lobivia cylindracea Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 29. 1957 ["1956"] Echinopsis cylindracea (Backeb.) H.Friedrich in Kakteen And. Sukk. 25: 82. 1974 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Lobivia shaferi f. cylindracea (Backeb.) E.Herzog in Kakteen Sukk. 19: 3. 1985

Acc.#46.6.1 Echinopsis aurea subsp. leucomalla (Wessner) Schlumpb. in Willdenowia 51: 264. 2021. Sec. Schlumpberger (2021)

Syn.#46.6.1Lobivia leucomalla Wessner in Beitr. Sukkulentenk. Sukkulentenpflege 1938: 1. 1938 syn. sec. Schlumpberger (2021) Hymenorebutia leucomalla (Wessner) Buining in Succulenta (Netherlands) 21: 104. 1939 syn. sec. Schlumpberger (2021) Lobivia famatimensis var. leucomalla (Wessner) Backeb., Cactaceae 4: 1454. 1960 syn. sec. Schlumpberger (2021) Echinopsis densispina f. leucomalla (Wessner) Buining in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 95. 1963 syn. sec. Schlumpberger (2021) Lobivia densispina f. leucomalla (Wessner) Buining in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 95. 1963 syn. sec. Schlumpberger (2021) Echinopsis leucomalla (Wessner) H.Friedrich in Kakteen And. Sukk. 25: 82. 1974 syn. sec. Schlumpberger (2021) Lobivia shaferi subsp. leucomalla (Wessner) E.Herzog in Kakteen Sukk. 19: 10. 1985 syn. sec. Schlumpberger (2021)

Acc.#46.7.1 Echinopsis aurea subsp. shaferi (Britton & Rose) M.Lowry in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 19: 11. 2005. Sec. Schlumpberger & Renner (2012)

Syn.#46.7.1Lobivia shaferi Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 52, fig. 69. 1922 syn. sec. Schlumpberger & Renner (2012) Salpingolobivia shaferi (Britton & Rose) Y.Itô, Explan. Diagr. Austroechinocactinae: 140. 1957 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinopsis fallax var. shaferi (Britton & Rose) Lambinon in Succulenta (Netherlands) 67: 182. 1988 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia aurea subsp. shaferi (Britton & Rose) Lodé in Cact.-Avent. Int. 100: 29. 2013 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Acc.#46.8.1 Echinopsis breviflora (Backeb.) M.Lowry in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 7. 2003. Sec. Schlumpberger & Renner (2012)

Syn.#46.8.1Lobivia breviflora Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 231, 413. 1936 ["1935"] Lobivia sanguiniflora var. breviflora (Backeb.) Rausch, Lobivia: 104. 1975

Acc.#46.9.1 Echinopsis calochlora K.Schum. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 13: 108. 1903. Sec. Schlumpberger (2021)

Syn.#46.9.1Lobivia calochlora (K.Schum.) Schlumpb. in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 28: 30. 2012 syn. sec. Schlumpberger (2021)

Syn.#46.9.2= Echinopsis grandiflora Linke in Berliner Allg. Gartenzeitung 1857: 239. 1857 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.9.3= Echinopsis calochlora var. claviformis Rud.Mey. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 30: 74. 1920 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.9.4= Echinopsis calochlora subsp. glaetzleana P.J.Braun & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 45: 161. 1994 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#46.10.1 Echinopsis chrysantha Werderm. in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 264. 1931. Sec. Schlumpberger & Renner (2012)

Syn.#46.10.1Lobivia chrysantha (Werderm.) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 236. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Schlumpberger (2021)

Syn.#46.10.2= Lobivia staffenii Frič in Möller's Deutsche Gärtn.-Zeitung 45: 44. 1930 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Andenea staffenii (Frič) Frič in Gartenzeitung (Vienna) 11: 44. 1935 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.10.3= Lobivia klusacekii Frič in Kaktusář 2: 82. 1931 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia chrysantha subvar. klusacekii (Frič) Rausch, Lobivia: 112. 1975 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia chrysantha var. klusacekii (Frič) Rausch ex G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 44: 80. 1982 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.10.4= Lobivia polaskiana Backeb. in Spine 1: 107. 1948 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia polaskiana Backeb. in J. Cact. Succ. Soc. Austral. 1: 107. 1949 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.10.5= Lobivia chrysantha var. hypocyrta Rausch in Kakteen And. Sukk. 23: 292. 1972 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia chrysantha subvar. hypocyrta (Rausch) Rausch, Lobivia: 112. 1975 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#46.11.1 Echinopsis densispina Werderm. in Kakteenkunde 1934: 142. 1934. Sec. Schlumpberger & Renner (2012)

Syn.#46.11.1Lobivia densispina Werderm. ex Backeb. & F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 238. 1936 ["1935"] Hymenorebutia densispina (Werderm.) Buining in Succulenta (Netherlands) 21: 104. 1939 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Salpingolobivia densispina (Werderm.) Y.Itô, Explan. Diagr. Austroechinocactinae: 139. 1957 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia famatimensis var. densispina (Werderm.) Backeb., Cactaceae 4: 1453. 1960 Lobivia haematantha subsp. densispina (Backeb. & F.M.Knuth) Rausch, Lobivia: 179. 1975 Lobivia haematantha var. densispina (Backeb. & F.M.Knuth) Rausch, Lobivia: 125. 1975 Lobivia haematantha subsp. densispina (Backeb. & F.M.Knuth) Rausch ex G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 44: 81. 1982

Syn.#46.11.2= Echinopsis scoparia Werderm. in Kakteenkunde 1934: 144. 1934 syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Lobivia scoparia (Werderm.) Werderm. ex Backeb. & F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 238. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Hymenorebutia scoparia (Werderm.) Buining in Succulenta (Netherlands) 21: 104. 1939 syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Syn.#46.11.3= Lobivia rebutioides var. citriniflora Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1934(12): 6. 1934 Echinopsis densispina f. citriniflora (Backeb.) Buining in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 95. 1963 syn. sec. TPL (2013) Lobivia densispina f. citriniflora (Backeb.) Buining in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 95. 1963

Syn.#46.11.4= Lobivia sublimiflora Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1935(9): 5. 1935 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Hymenorebutia sublimiflora (Backeb.) Buining in Succulenta (Netherlands) 21: 103. 1939 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia rebutioides var. sublimiflora (Backeb. ex Wessner) Backeb., Cactaceae 4: 1456. 1960 Echinopsis densispina f. sublimiflora (Backeb. ex Wessner) Buining in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 95. 1963 syn. sec. WFO 2019 Lobivia densispina f. sublimiflora (Backeb. ex Wessner) Buining in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 95. 1963 Lobivia haematantha subvar. sublimiflora (Backeb.) Rausch, Lobivia: 125. 1975 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia haematantha var. sublimiflora (Backeb.) Rausch ex G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 44: 81. 1982 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia haematantha f. sublimiflora (Backeb.) J.Ullmann in Kaktusy (Brno) 26: 19. 1990 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.11.5= Lobivia famatimensis var. haematantha Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 238. 1936 ["1935"] Lobivia pectinifera var. haematantha (Backeb.) Wessner in Kakteenkunde 1940: 15. 1940 Echinopsis densispina f. haematantha (Wessner) Buining in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 96. 1963 syn. sec. TPL (2013) Lobivia densispina f. haematantha (Backeb. ex Wessner) Buining in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 96. 1963

Syn.#46.11.6= Hymenorebutia kreuzingeri Frič ex Buining in Succulenta (Netherlands) 21: 104. 1939 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia kreuzingeri (Frič ex Buining) Krainz in Mitt. Schweiz. Kakteen-Ges. 1946: 34. 1946 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Echinopsis densispina var. kreuzingeri (Frič ex Buining) Buining in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 95. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia densispina var. kreuzingeri (Frič ex Buining) Buining in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 95. 1963

Syn.#46.11.7= Lobivia chlorogona Wessner in Kakteenkunde 1940: 16. 1940 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia rebutioides var. chlorogona (Wessner) Backeb., Cactaceae 4: 1456. 1960 syn. sec. Schlumpberger & Renner (2012) Echinopsis densispina f. chlorogona (Wessner) Buining in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 95. 1963 syn. sec. WFO 2019 Lobivia densispina f. chlorogona (Wessner) Buining in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 95. 1963 Hymenorebutia chlorogona (Wessner) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 472. 1980 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.11.8= Lobivia chlorogona var. cupreoviridis Wessner in Cactaceae (Berlin) 1940: 17. 1940 Echinopsis densispina f. cupreoviridis (Wessner) Buining in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 95. 1963 syn. sec. WFO 2019 Lobivia densispina f. cupreoviridis (Wessner) Buining in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 95. 1963

Syn.#46.11.9= Lobivia chlorogona var. purpureostoma Wessner in Cactaceae (Berlin) 1940: 17. 1940 syn. sec. Schlumpberger & Renner (2012) Echinopsis densispina f. purpureostoma (Wessner) Buining in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 95. 1963 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#46.11.10= Lobivia chlorogona var. rubroviridis Wessner in Cactaceae (Berlin) 1940: 16. 1940 Echinopsis densispina f. rubroviridis (Wessner) Buining in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 95. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia densispina f. rubroviridis (Wessner) Buining in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 95. 1963

Syn.#46.11.11= Lobivia densispina var. blossfeldii Wessner in Kakteenkunde 1940: 18. 1940 Echinopsis densispina f. blossfeldii (Wessner) Buining in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 95. 1963 syn. sec. WFO 2019 Lobivia densispina f. blossfeldii (Wessner) Buining in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 95. 1963

Syn.#46.11.12= Lobivia densispina var. sanguinea Wessner in Kakteenkunde 1940: 18. 1940 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinopsis densispina f. sanguinea (Wessner) Buining in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 95. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia densispina f. sanguinea (Wessner) Buining in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 95. 1963

Syn.#46.11.13= Lobivia pectinifera Wessner in Kakteenkunde 1940: 13. 1940 syn. sec. Tropicos Echinopsis densispina f. pectinifera (Wessner) Buining in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 95. 1963 syn. sec. WFO 2019 Lobivia densispina f. pectinifera (Wessner) Buining in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 95. 1963 Lobivia haematantha subvar. pectinifera (Wessner) Rausch, Lobivia: 125. 1975 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia haematantha var. pectinifera (Wessner) Rausch ex G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 44: 81. 1982 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia haematantha f. pectinifera (Wessner) J.Ullmann in Kaktusy (Brno) 28: 7. 1992 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinopsis densispina var. pectinifera (Wessner) J.G.Lamb., Cactus Argentine, ed. 2: 51. 1998 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.11.14= Lobivia pectinifera var. albiflora Wessner in Cactaceae (Berlin) 1940: 14. 1940 syn. sec. Schlumpberger & Renner (2012) Echinopsis densispina f. albiflora (Wessner) Buining in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 95. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia densispina f. albiflora (Wessner) Buining in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 95. 1963

Syn.#46.11.15= Lobivia pectinifera var. rosiflora Backeb. ex Wessner in Kakteenkunde 1940: 30. 1940 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.11.16= Lobivia wessneriana Fritzen in Kakteenkunde 1940: 34. 1940 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinopsis densispina f. wessneriana (Fritzen) Buining in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 95. 1963 syn. sec. WFO 2019 Lobivia densispina f. wessneriana (Fritzen) Buining in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 95. 1963 Lobivia haematantha f. wessneriana (Fritzen) J.Ullmann in Kaktusy (Brno) 28: 7. 1992 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.11.17= Hymenorebutia albolanata Buining in Succulenta (Netherlands) 23: 5. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia albolanata (Buining) Krainz in Mitt. Schweiz. Kakteen-Ges. 1946: 33. 1946 Echinopsis densispina f. albolanata (Buining) Buining in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 96. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia densispina f. albolanata (Buining) Buining in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 96. 1963

Syn.#46.11.18= Lobivia rebutioides var. kraussiana Backeb. in Deutsche Gärtnerb. 1949: 7. 1949 Echinopsis densispina f. kraussiana (Backeb.) Buining in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 95. 1963 syn. sec. TPL (2013) Lobivia densispina f. kraussiana (Backeb.) Buining in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 95. 1963

Syn.#46.11.19= Lobivia famatimensis var. setosa Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 29. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinopsis densispina f. setosa (Backeb.) Buining in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 95. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia densispina f. setosa (Backeb.) Buining in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 95. 1963

Syn.#46.11.20= Echinopsis densispina var. rebutioides (Backeb.) Buining in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 95. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia rebutioides Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1934(12): 6, genus 57, sp. 16. 1934 Hymenorebutia rebutioides (Backeb.) Buining in Succulenta (Netherlands) 21: 103. 1939 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia densispina var. rebutioides (Backeb.) Buining in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 95. 1963 Echinopsis rebutioides (Backeb.) H.Friedrich in Kakteen And. Sukk. 25: 82. 1974 Lobivia haematantha subvar. rebutioides (Backeb.) Rausch, Lobivia: 125. 1975 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia haematantha var. rebutioides (Backeb.) Rausch, Lobivia 85: 61. 1987 ["1985"]

Acc.#46.12.1 Echinopsis haematantha (Speg.) D.R.Hunt in Bradleya 9: 88. 1991. Sec. Schlumpberger & Renner (2012)

Syn.#46.12.1Echinocactus haematanthus Speg. in Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, ser. 3, 4: 498. 1905 syn. sec. Schlumpberger & Renner (2012) Lobivia haematantha (Speg.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 57, f. 73. 1922 syn. sec. Schlumpberger & Renner (2012)

Syn.#46.12.2= Echinopsis albispina Roth in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 13: 144. 1903 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.12.3= Echinopsis cachensis Speg. in Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, ser. 3, 4: 493. 1905 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus cachensis (Speg.) Speg. in Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, ser. 3, 4: 493. 1905 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia cachensis (Speg.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 52, f. 68. 1922 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922) Lobivia haematantha var. cachensis (Speg.) J.Ullmann in Kaktusy 28(1): 6. 1992 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.12.4= Lobivia kuehnrichii Frič in Deutsche Gärt.-Zeitung 45: 44. 1930 syn. sec. Schlumpberger & Renner (2012) Lobivia haematantha var. kuehnrichii (Frič) Rausch, Lobivia: 124. 1975 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Hymenorebutia kuehnrichii (Frič) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 473. 1980 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia haematantha subsp. kuehnrichii (Frič) Rausch ex G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 44: 81. 1982 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinopsis kuehnrichii (Frič) H.Friedrich & Glaetzle in Bradleya 1: 96. 1983 syn. sec. Schlumpberger & Renner (2012) Echinopsis haematantha var. kuehnrichii (Frič) J.G.Lamb., Cactus Argentine, ed. 2: 59. 1998 syn. sec. Schlumpberger & Renner (2012)

Syn.#46.12.5= Lobivia drijveriana Backeb. in Kakteen-Freund 2: 91, 103. 1933 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Hymenorebutia drijverana (Backeb.) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 473. 1980 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia haematantha var. drijveriana (Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 44: 81. 1982 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.12.6= Lobivia drijveriana var. astranthema Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1934(6): 7. 1934 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.12.7= Lobivia elongata Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 29. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Schlumpberger & Renner (2012) Echinopsis elongata (Backeb.) H.Friedrich in Kakteen And. Sukk. 25: 82. 1974 syn. sec. Schlumpberger & Renner (2012) Lobivia haematantha subvar. elongata (Backeb.) Rausch, Lobivia: 124. 1975 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia haematantha var. elongata (Backeb.) Rausch ex G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 44: 80. 1982 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinopsis haematantha var. elongata (Backeb.) J.G.Lamb., Cactus Argentine, ed. 2: 57. 1998 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.12.8= Lobivia mirabunda Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 29. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.12.9= Lobivia hualfinensis Rausch in Kakteen And. Sukk. 19: 67. 1968 syn. sec. Schlumpberger & Renner (2012) Lobivia haematantha subvar. hualfinensis (Rausch) Rausch, Lobivia: 124. 1975 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia haematantha var. hualfinensis (Rausch) Rausch ex G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 44: 81. 1982 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinopsis hualfinensis (Rausch) H.Friedrich & Glaetzle in Bradleya 1: 96. 1983 syn. sec. Schlumpberger & Renner (2012) Echinopsis haematantha var. hualfinensis (Rausch) J.G.Lamb., Cactus Argentine, ed. 2: 57. 1998 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.12.10= Lobivia amblayensis Rausch in Kakteen And. Sukk. 23: 67. 1972 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Echinopsis amblayensis (Rausch) H.Friedrich in Kakteen And. Sukk. 25: 82. 1974 syn. sec. Schlumpberger & Renner (2012) Lobivia haematantha subvar. amblayensis (Rausch) Rausch, Lobivia: 124. 1975 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia haematantha var. amblayensis (Rausch) Rausch ex G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 44: 81. 1982 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinopsis densispina var. amblayensis (Rausch) J.G.Lamb., Cactus Argentine, ed. 2: 50. 1998 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.12.11= Lobivia amblayensis var. albispina Rausch in Kakteen And. Sukk. 23: 68. 1972 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinopsis amblayensis var. albispina (Rausch) H.Friedrich in Kakteen And. Sukk. 25: 82. 1974 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.12.12= Lobivia hualfinensis var. fechseri Rausch in Succulenta (Netherlands) 51: 123. 1972 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia haematantha subvar. fechseri (Rausch) Rausch, Lobivia: 124. 1975 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia haematantha var. fechseri (Rausch) Rausch ex G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 44: 80. 1982 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.12.13= Lobivia chorrillosensis Rausch in Kakteen And. Sukk. 25: 145. 1974 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia haematantha subsp. chorrillosensis (Rausch) Rausch, Lobivia: 179. 1975 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia haematantha subvar. chorrillosensis (Rausch) Rausch, Lobivia: 124. 1975 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia haematantha subsp. chorrillosensis (Rausch) Rausch ex G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 44: 81. 1982 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia haematantha var. chorrillosensis (Rausch) Rausch, Lobivia 85: 61. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Echinopsis haematantha var. chorrillosensis (Rausch) J.G.Lamb., Cactus Argentine, ed. 2: 57. 1998 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.12.14= Lobivia haematantha var. jasimanensis Rausch, Lobivia 85: 140. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Echinopsis haematantha var. jasimanensis (Rausch) J.G.Lamb., Cactus Argentine, ed. 2: 57. 1998 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.12.15= Lobivia haematantha var. viridis Rausch, Lobivia 85: 140. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.12.16= Lobivia kuehnrichii var. antennifera Rausch in Echinopseen 7(2): 49. 2010 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#46.13.1 Echinopsis hammerschmidii Cárdenas in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 28: 72. 1956. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Acc.#46.14.1 Echinopsis huotii (F.Cels) Labour., Monogr. Cact.: 301. 1853. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#46.14.1Echinocactus huottii F.Cels in Portef. Hort. 1847: 216. 1847 Echinopsis huotii subsp. huotii Cereus huottii J.F.Cels, Cat. Cactees: 8. 1858, nom. nud. syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#46.14.2= Echinopsis apiculata Linke in Wochenschr. Gärtnerei Pflanzenk. 1: 85. 1858 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#46.14.3= Echinopsis arebaloi Cárdenas in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 28: 73. 1956 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#46.14.4= Echinopsis cochabambensis Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 28. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#46.14.5= Echinopsis comarapana Cárdenas in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 12: 61. 1957 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#46.14.6= Echinopsis pereziensis Cárdenas in Cactus (Paris) 78: 90. 1963 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#46.14.7= Echinopsis sucrensis Cárdenas in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 35: 200. 1963 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Acc.#46.15.1 Echinopsis ibicuatensis Cárdenas in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 28: 74. 1956. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Acc.#46.16.1 Echinopsis jajoiana (Backeb.) Blossf., Kakteensamen: 16. 1938. Sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#46.16.1Lobivia jajoiana Backeb. in Kaktusář 7(4): 70. 1933 Lobivia jajoiana Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1934(6): 8. 1934 Echinopsis jajoiana Hort. ex Blossf., Kakteensamen: 16. 1938 Lobivia chrysantha var. jajoana (Backeb.) Rausch, Lobivia: 112. 1975 Lobivia chrysantha subsp. jajoana (Backeb.) Rausch ex G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 44: 80. 1982

Syn.#46.16.2= Lobivia jajoana var. fleischeriana Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1934(6): 8. 1934 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia chrysantha subvar. fleischeriana (Backeb.) Rausch, Lobivia: 112. 1975

Syn.#46.16.3= Lobivia sanguiniflora Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 235, 414. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Tropicos Echinopsis sanguiniflora (Backeb.) D.R.Hunt in Bradleya 9: 88. 1991 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.16.4= Lobivia glauca var. paucicostata Rausch in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1971: 169. 1971 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia chrysantha var. paucicostata (Rausch) Rausch, Lobivia: 179. 1975 Lobivia chrysantha subvar. paucicostata (Rausch) Rausch, Lobivia: 112. 1975 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Lobivia jajoana var. paucicostata (Rausch) Rausch, Lobivia 85: 73. 1987 ["1985"]

Syn.#46.16.5= Lobivia jajoana var. caspalasensis Rausch in Kakteen And. Sukk. 28: 75. 1977 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia chrysantha var. caspalasensis (Rausch) G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 44: 80. 1982 Lobivia jajoana subsp. caspalasensis (Rausch) V.Gapon & Schelkun. in Kaktus-Klub 2018(1): 13. 2018 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.16.6= Lobivia miniatinigra F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 462-463. 1980 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia jajoana f. miniatinigra (F.Ritter) J.Ullmann in Kaktusy 28(1): 10. 1992 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#46.16.7= Lobivia jajoana var. aurata Rausch, Lobivia 85: 141. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.16.8= Lobivia jajoana var. elegans Rausch, Lobivia 85: 141. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.16.9= Lobivia jajoana var. nidularis Rausch, Lobivia 85: 141. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia jajoana subsp. nidularis (Rausch) V.Gapon & Schelkun. in Kaktus-Klub 2018(1): 14. 2018 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.16.10= Lobivia jajoana var. pungens Rausch, Lobivia 85: 141. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia jajoana subsp. pungens (Rausch) V.Gapon & Schelkun. in Kaktus-Klub 2018(1): 14. 2018 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.16.11Lobivia jajoana var. striatipetala Y.Itô, Cactaceae: 303. 1981, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#46.17.1 Echinopsis marsoneri Werderm. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 30: 55. 1932. Sec. Schlumpberger & Renner (2012)

Syn.#46.17.1Lobivia marsoneri (Werderm.) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 237, 426. 1936 ["1935"] Lobivia chrysantha subsp. marsoneri (Werderm.) Rausch, Lobivia: 179. 1975 Lobivia chrysantha var. marsoneri (Werderm.) Rausch, Lobivia: 112. 1975 Lobivia chrysantha subsp. marsoneri (Werderm.) Rausch ex G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 44: 80. 1982

Syn.#46.17.2= Echinopsis rubescens Backeb. in Kakteen-Freund 1: 122. 1932 syn. sec. Tropicos Lobivia rubescens Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 237. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Tropicos Lobivia chrysantha subvar. rubescens (Backeb.) Rausch, Lobivia: 112. 1975 Lobivia chrysantha var. rubescens (Backeb.) Rausch ex G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 44: 80. 1982 syn. sec. Schlumpberger & Renner (2012) Lobivia marsoneri var. rubescens (Backeb.) J.Ullmann in Kaktusy (Brno) 28: 11. 1992

Syn.#46.17.3= Lobivia haageana Backeb. in Kakteen-Freund 2(1): 90. 1933 syn. sec. Schlumpberger (2021) Lobivia marsoneri var. haageana (Backeb.) J.Ullmann in Kaktusy (Brno) 28: 11. 1992 syn. sec. Schlumpberger (2021)

Syn.#46.17.4= Lobivia iridescens Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 233, 414. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia marsoneri var. iridescens (Backeb.) Rausch, Lobivia 85: 84. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Schlumpberger & Renner (2012)

Syn.#46.17.5= Lobivia vatteri Krainz in Sukkulentenkunde 1: 7. 1947 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Lobivia chrysantha subvar. vatteri (Krainz) Rausch, Lobivia: 112. 1975 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia chrysantha var. vatteri (Krainz) Rausch ex G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 44: 80. 1982 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia jajoana var. vatteri (Krainz) J.Ullmann in Kaktusy (Brno) 26: 19. 1990 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.17.6= Lobivia nigrostoma Kreuz. & Buining in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1950: 2. 1950 syn. sec. Schlumpberger & Renner (2012) Lobivia jajoana var. nigrostoma (Kreuz. & Buining) Backeb., Cactaceae 4: 1464. 1960 syn. sec. Schlumpberger & Renner (2012)

Syn.#46.17.7= Lobivia uitewaaleana Buining in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 4: 15. 1951 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia marsoneri var. uitewaaleana (Buining) J.Ullmann in Kaktusy (Brno) 28: 11. 1992

Syn.#46.17.8= Lobivia muhriae Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 7. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia chrysantha var. muhriae (Backeb.) G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 44: 80. 1982 Lobivia marsoneri var. muhriae (Backeb.) J.Ullmann in Kaktusy (Brno) 28: 11. 1992 syn. sec. Schlumpberger & Renner (2012)

Syn.#46.17.9= Lobivia glauca Rausch in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1971: 168. 1971 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia chrysantha var. glauca (Rausch) G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 44: 80. 1982 Lobivia jajoana var. glauca (Rausch) J.Ullmann in Kaktusy 28(1): 10. 1992 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.17.10= Lobivia buiningiana F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 461. 1980 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Lobivia jajoana f. buiningiana (F.Ritter) J.Ullmann in Kaktusy 28(1): 10. 1992 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Acc.#46.18.1 Echinopsis mieckleyi R.Mey. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 28: 122. 1918. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Acc.#46.19.1 Echinopsis oxygona (Link) Zucc. ex Pfeiff., Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 2(1): t. 4. 1845. Sec. Tropicos

Syn.#46.19.1Echinocactus oxygonus Link in Verh. Vereins Beförd. Gartenbaues Königl. Preuss. Staaten 6: 419. 1830 syn. sec. Schlumpberger & Renner (2012) Cereus oxygonus (Link) Otto in Allg. Gartenzeitung 1: 365. 1833 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinonyctanthus oxygonus (Otto) Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 85. 1839 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.19.2= Echinocactus sulcatus Pfeiff. in Verh. Vereins Beförd. Gartenbaues Königl. Preuss. Staaten 3: 427. 1827 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.19.3= Echinocactus eyriesii Turpin in Ann. Inst. Roy. Hort. Fromont 2: 158. 1830 syn. sec. Schlumpberger & Renner (2012) Echinopsis eyriesii (Turpin) Pfeiff. & Otto, Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 1: t. 4. 1838, nom. illeg. syn. sec. Tropicos Echinopsis eyriesii (Turpin) Zucc., Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 1: t. 4. 1839 syn. sec. Berendsohn (2020)

Syn.#46.19.4= Echinocactus gemmatus Otto in Allg. Gartenzeitung 1: 365. 1833 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cereus geminatus Otto ex Pfeiff. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 3: 314. 1835 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#46.19.5= Cereus schelhasii Pfeiff. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 3: 314. 1835 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.19.6= Cereus turbinatus Pfeiff. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 3: 314. 1835 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.19.7= Echinocactus boutillieri Parm. ex Pfeiff. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 3: 814. 1835 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.19.8= Echinocactus turbinatus Pfeiff. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 3: 314. 1835 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinopsis turbinata Pfeiff. & Otto, Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 1: t. 4. 1838 syn. sec. Schlumpberger & Renner (2012)

Syn.#46.19.9= Cereus eyriesii Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 72. 1837 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.19.10= Cereus jasmineus Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 72. 1837 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.19.11= Cereus multiplex Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 70. 1837 syn. sec. Schlumpberger & Renner (2012) Echinopsis multiplex Pfeiff. & Otto, Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 1: t. 4. 1838 syn. sec. Schlumpberger & Renner (2012) Echinopsis multiplex (Pfeiff.) Zucc., Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 1: t. 4. 1839 syn. sec. Schlumpberger & Renner (2012) Rebutia multiplex (Pfeiff.) Roeder in Kakteenkunde & Kakteenfr. 1938: 124. 1938 syn. sec. Tropicos Echinopsis oxygona f. multiplex (Pfeiff.) J.Ullmann in Kaktusy (Brno) 50(Special 1): 25. 2014 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus multiplex Hort. ex Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 70. 1837, nom. inval. syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#46.19.12= Cereus multiplex var. monstrosus Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 71. 1837 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinopsis multiplex var. monstrosa (Pfeiff.) Gürke in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 16: 88. 1906 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.19.13= Echinocactus eyriesii var. glaucus Lindl. in Edwardss Bot. Reg. 24: t. 31. 1838 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.19.14= Echinopsis schelhasii Pfeiff. & Otto, Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 1: t. 4. 1838 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinopsis eyriesii var. schelhasii (Pfeiff. & Otto) P.Fourn., Cactées Pl. Grasses: 28. 1935 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.19.15= Echinopsis zuccarinii Pfeiff. & Otto, Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 1: t. 4. 1838 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.19.16= Echinocactus octogonus G.Don, Hort. Brit., ed. 3: 283. 1839 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.19.17= Echinonyctanthus decaisneanus Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 55. 1839 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus decaisneanus (Lem.) Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 536. 1840 syn. sec. Tropicos Echinocactus decaisnei (Lem.) Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 536. 1840 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Echinopsis decaisniana (Lem.) Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 2: 324. 1843 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cereus decaisneanus (Lem.) Mottet, Dict. Prat. Hort. 1: 582. 1892–1893 syn. sec. Tropicos Echinopsis gemmata var. decaisneana (Lem.) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 113. 1907 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.19.18= Echinonyctanthus eyriesii Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 84. 1839 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.19.19= Echinonyctanthus multiplex Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 85. 1839 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.19.20= Echinonyctanthus nigrispinus Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 85. 1839 syn. sec. WFO 2019 Echinopsis nigrispina (Lem.) Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 2: 324. 1843 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#46.19.21= Echinonyctanthus turbinatus Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 84. 1839 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.19.22= Echinopsis eyriesii var. glauca C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk.: 360. 1846 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#46.19.23= Echinopsis eyriesii var. glaucescens C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk.: 360. 1846 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#46.19.24= Echinopsis melanacantha A.Dietr. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 14: 306. 1846 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.19.25= Echinopsis oxygona var. turbinata Mittler ex Labour., Monogr. Cact.: 306. 1853 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#46.19.26= Echinopsis ×tettavii Kratz in Neuberts Deutsch. Gart.-Mag. 8: 111. 1855 syn. sec. Schlumpberger (2021)

Syn.#46.19.27= Echinopsis zuccarinii var. rolandii É.Morren in Ann. Hort. Belge Étrangère 16: 130. 1866 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.19.28= Echinopsis eyriesii var. tettavii Jacobi in Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 626, 630. 1885 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#46.19.29= Echinopsis eyriesii var. triumphans Jacobi in Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 626, 630. 1885 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#46.19.30= Echinopsis pudantii Pfersdorf ex Roth in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 10: 167. 1900 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.19.31= Echinopsis eyriesii var. cristata Donn.Sm. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 12: 27. 1902 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#46.19.32= Echinopsis paraguayensis Mundt in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 13: 109. 1903 syn. sec. Schlumpberger & Renner (2012) Echinopsis paraguayensis Mundt ex F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 264. 1979 syn. sec. Schlumpberger & Renner (2012)

Syn.#46.19.33= Echinopsis eyriesii var. duvallii Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 111, 112. 1907 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#46.19.34= Echinopsis eyriesii var. major Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 111, 112. 1907 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#46.19.35= Echinopsis eyriesii var. phyligera Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 111, 112. 1907 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#46.19.36= Echinopsis eyriesii var. rosea Link ex Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 111, 112. 1907 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#46.19.37= Echinopsis gemmata var. schelhasii Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 113. 1907 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.19.38= Echinopsis eyriesii var. grandiflora Rud.Mey. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 21: 186. 1911 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinopsis oxygona f. grandiflora (Rud.Mey.) J.Ullmann in Kaktusy (Brno) 35: 110. 1999 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#46.19.39= Echinopsis tubiflora var. paraguayensis Rud.Mey. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 153. 1913 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.19.40= Echinopsis derenbergii Frič in Möller's Deutsche Gärtn.-Zeitung 42: 436. 1927 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.19.41= Echinopsis schwantesii Frič in Möller's Deutsche Gärtn.-Zeitung 42: 436. 1927 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.19.42= Echinopsis eyriesii var. pudantii P.Fourn., Cactées Pl. Grasses: 28. 1935 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.19.43= Echinopsis derenbergii var. blossfeldii Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 27. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.19.44= Echinopsis werdermannii Frič ex Fleisch. in Friciana 7: 9. 1962 syn. sec. Schlumpberger & Renner (2012) Echinopsis oxygona f. werdermannii (Frič ex Fleisch.) J.Ullmann in Kaktusy (Brno) 50(Special 1): 25. 2014 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.19.45= Echinopsis brasiliensis Frič ex Pazout in Friciana 17: 3. 1963 syn. sec. Schlumpberger & Renner (2012) Echinopsis oxygona f. brasiliensis (Frič ex Pazout) J.Ullmann in Kaktusy (Brno) 50(Special 1): 25. 2014 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#46.19.46= Echinopsis oxygona f. brevispina F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 239. 1979 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#46.19.47= Echinopsis adolfofriedrichii G.Moser in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 37: 39. 1982 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#46.19.48Echinocactus multiplex Otto in Allg. Gartenzeitung 3: 10. 1835, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#46.20.1 Echinopsis silvestrii Speg. in Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, ser. 3, 4: 486. 1905. Sec. Anderson (2005)

Acc.#46.21.1 Echinopsis tubiflora (Pfeiff.) Zucc. ex A.Dietr. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 14: 306. 1846. Sec. Anderson (2005)

Syn.#46.21.1Cereus tubiflorus Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 71. 1837 syn. sec. Anderson (2005) Echinocactus tubiflorus (Pfeiff.) Hook. in Bot. Mag. 65: t. 3627. 1838 syn. sec. Anderson (2005) Echinonyctanthus tubiflorus (Pfeiff.) Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 85. 1839 syn. sec. Anderson (2005)

Syn.#46.21.2= Echinopsis albispinosa K.Schum. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 13: 154. 1903 syn. sec. Schlumpberger (2021)

Syn.#46.21.3= Echinopsis albispinosa var. fuauxiana Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 28. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Schlumpberger (2021)

Acc.#46.22.1 Echinopsis tubiflora subsp. callochrysea (F.Ritter) Schlumpb. in Willdenowia 51: 264. 2021. Sec. Schlumpberger (2021)

Syn.#46.22.1Hymenorebutia aurea var. callochrysea F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 468. 1980 syn. sec. Schlumpberger (2021) Lobivia aurea var. callochrysea (F.Ritter) Rausch, Lobivia 85: 16. 1987 ["1985"] syn. sec. Schlumpberger (2021) Echinopsis fallax var. callochrysea (F.Ritter) Lambinon in Succulenta (Netherlands) 67: 182. 1988 syn. sec. Schlumpberger (2021) Echinopsis aurea var. callochrysea (F.Ritter) J.Ullmann in Kaktusy (Brno) 26: 7. 1990 syn. sec. Schlumpberger (2021) Echinopsis callochrysea (F.Ritter) Lodé in Cact.-Avent. Int. 98(Suppl.): 4. 2013 syn. sec. Schlumpberger (2021) Lobivia callochrysea (F.Ritter) Lodé in Cact.-Avent. Int. 100: 30. 2013 syn. sec. Schlumpberger (2021)

Notes. – This taxon was long seen as part of the Echinopsis aurea Britton & Rose complex, although it grows further north and isolated from the distribution area of E. aurea. It resembles E. tubiflora (Pfeiff.) Zucc. ex A.Dietr. with which it grows at least partly in sympatry, but differs from it in having yellow, diurnal and nectarless flowers. Molecular data suggest a close relationship to E. tubiflora (Schlumpberger & Renner 2012). [Schlumpberger (2021)]

Acc.#46.23.1 Echinopsis tubiflora subsp. tubiflora. Sec. Schlumpberger (2021)

Acc.#47. Epiphyllum Haw., Syn. Pl. Succ.: 197. 1812. Sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Type: Epiphyllum phyllanthus (L.) Haw.

Syn.#47.g1Phyllocactus Link, Handbuch 2: 10. 1829, nom. illeg. syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#47.0.1= Phyllocereus Miq. in Bull. Sci. Phys. Nat. Néerl. 1839: 112. 1839, nom. illeg. syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#47.0.2= Marniera Backeb. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 22. 1950 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017). Type: Marniera macroptera (Lem.) Backeb.

Syn.#47.0.3= Chiapasophyllum Doweld in Sukkulenty 4(1-2): 32. 2002 ["2001"] syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017). Type: Chiapasophyllum chrysocardium (Alexander) Doweld

Notes. – Newly circumscribed based on the results of the phylogenetic study of Korotkova & al. (2017). They found a highly supported core Epiphyllum clade including the type species and E. chrysocardium which used to be included in Selenicereus (Bauer 2003; Hunt 2006). [Korotkova (2021)]

Acc.#47.1.1 Epiphyllum baueri Dorsch in Haseltonia 9: 6. 2003. Sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Acc.#47.2.1 Epiphyllum cartagense (F.A.C.Weber) Britton & Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: 256. 1913. Sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#47.2.1Phyllocactus cartagensis F.A.C.Weber in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 8: 462. 1902 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#47.2.2= Phyllocactus cartagensis var. refracta F.A.C.Weber in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 8: 462. 1902 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#47.2.3= Phyllocactus cartagensis var. robustus F.A.C.Weber in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 15: 180. 1905 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#47.3.1 Epiphyllum chrysocardium Alexander in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 28: 4. 1956. Sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#47.3.1Marniera chrysocardium (Alexander) Backeb., Cactaceae 2: 737. 1959 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Selenicereus chrysocardium (Alexander) Kimnach in Bradleya 9: 91. 1991 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Chiapasophyllum chrysocardium (Alexander) Doweld in Sukkulenty 4(1-2): 32. 2002 ["2001"] syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Marniera chrysocardia (Alexander) Backeb., Cactaceae 2: 737. 1959 syn. sec. TPL (2013) [is orthographic variant for Marniera chrysocardium (Alexander) Backeb.]

Acc.#47.4.1 Epiphyllum grandilobum (F.A.C.Weber) Britton & Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: 257. 1913. Sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#47.4.1Phyllocactus grandilobus F.A.C.Weber in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 8: 464. 1902 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#47.4.2= Epiphyllum gigas Woodson & Cutak in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45: 87. 1958 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Acc.#47.5.1 Epiphyllum hookeri Haw. in Philos. Mag. Ann. Chem. 6: 108. 1829. Sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#47.5.1Cereus hookeri (Haw.) Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 125. 1837 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Phyllocactus hookeri (Haw.) Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 2: 341. 1843 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Phyllocactus hookeri (Haw.) Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 38. 1850 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Epiphyllum phyllanthus var. hookeri (Haw.) Kimnach in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 36: 113. 1964 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Epiphyllum phyllanthus subsp. hookeri (Haw.) U.Guzmán in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 17. 2003 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Acc.#47.6.1 Epiphyllum hookeri subsp. columbiense (F.A.C.Weber) Ralf Bauer in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 17: 26. 2003. Sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#47.6.1Phyllocactus phyllanthus var. columbiensis F.A.C.Weber in Bois, Dict. Hort.: 957. 1898 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Epiphyllum phyllanthus var. columbiense (F.A.C.Weber) Backeb., Cactaceae 2: 746. 1959 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Epiphyllum columbiense (F.A.C.Weber) Dodson & A.H.Gentry in Selbyana 2(1): 31. 1977 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Acc.#47.7.1 Epiphyllum hookeri subsp. guatemalense (Britton & Rose) Ralf Bauer in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 17: 25. 2003. Sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#47.7.1Epiphyllum guatemalense Britton & Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: 257. 1913 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Phyllocactus guatemalensis (Britton & Rose) Vaupel in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 116. 1913 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Epiphyllum phyllanthus var. guatemalense (Britton & Rose) Kimnach in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 36: 110. 1964 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Epiphyllum phyllanthus subsp. guatemalense (Britton & Rose) U.Guzmán in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 17. 2003 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Acc.#47.8.1 Epiphyllum hookeri subsp. hookeri. Sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#47.8.2= Cereus marginatus Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck.: 340. 1834 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Phyllocactus marginatus SalmDyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1844: 37. 1845 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#47.8.3= Phyllocactus stenopetalus C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk.: 441. 1846 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Epiphyllum stenopetalum (C.F.Först.) Britton & Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: 259. 1913 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#47.8.4= Phyllocactus strictus Lem. in Ill. Hort. 1: 107. 1854 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Epiphyllum strictum (Lem.) Britton & Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: 259. 1913 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Acc.#47.9.1 Epiphyllum hookeri subsp. pittieri (F.A.C.Weber) Ralf Bauer in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 17: 26. 2003. Sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#47.9.1Phyllocactus pittieri F.A.C.Weber in Bois, Dict. Hort.: 957. 1898 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Epiphyllum pittieri (F.A.C.Weber) Britton & Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: 258. 1913 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Epiphyllum phyllanthus var. pittieri (F.A.C.Weber) Kimnach in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 36: 115. 1964 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Acc.#47.10.1 Epiphyllum laui Kimnach in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 62(3): 149. 1990. Sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Acc.#47.11.1 Epiphyllum oxypetalum (DC.) Haw. in Philos. Mag. Ann. Chem. 6: 109. 1829. Sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#47.11.1Cereus oxypetalus DC., Prodr. 3: 470. 1828 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Phyllocactus oxypetalus (DC.) Link ex Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 2: 341. 1843 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Cactus oxypetalus Moc. & Sessé ex DC., Prodr. 3: 470. 1828 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#47.11.2= Cereus latifrons Zucc. ex Pfeiff. in Denkschr. Akad. Muench. 2: 735. 1837 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Epiphyllum latifrons (Zucc. ex Pfeiff.) Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 125. 1837 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Phyllocactus latifrons (Zucc. ex Pfeiff.) Link ex Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 2: 341. 1843 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#47.11.3= Phyllocactus grandis Lem., Fl. des Serres 3: 255. 1847 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Epiphyllum grande (Lem.) Britton & Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: 257. 1913 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#47.11.4= Phyllocactus guyanensis Brongn. ex Labour., Monogr. Cact.: 416. 1853 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1923)

Syn.#47.11.5= Epiphyllum acuminatum K.Schum., Fl. Bras. 4(2): 222. 1890 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Phyllocactus acuminatus (K.Schum.) K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 213. 1897 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#47.11.6= Phyllocactus purpusii Weing. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 17: 34. 1907 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Epiphyllum purpusii (Weing.) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 161. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Epiphyllum oxypetalum var. purpusii (Weing.) Backeb., Cactaceae 2: 747. 1959 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Acc.#47.12.1 Epiphyllum phyllanthus (L.) Haw., Syn. Pl. Succ.: 197. 1812. Sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#47.12.1Cactus phyllanthus L., Sp. Pl.: 469. 1753 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Opuntia phyllanthus (L.) Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8: Opuntia No. 9. 1768 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Cereus phyllanthus (L.) DC., Prodr. 3: 469. 1828 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Phyllocactus phyllanthus (L.) Link, Handbuch 2: 11. 1831 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Rhipsalis phyllanthus (L.) K.Schum., Fl. Bras. 4(2): 298. 1890 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Epiphyllum phyllanthus var. phyllanthus

Syn.#47.12.2= Phyllocactus speciosus Kostel., Index Seminum (PRC, Pragensis) 1844: 104. 1844, nom. illeg. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#47.13.1 Epiphyllum phyllanthus subsp. phyllanthus. Sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#47.13.2= Rhipsalis macrocarpa Miq. in Bull. Sci. Phys. Nat. Néerl. 1838: 49. 1838 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Hariota macrocarpa (Miq.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 263. 1891 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#47.13.3= Phyllocactus phyllanthus var. boliviensis F.A.C.Weber in Bois, Dict. Hort.: 957. 1898 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Epiphyllum phyllanthus var. boliviense (F.A.C.Weber) Backeb., Cactaceae 2: 746. 1959 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#47.13.4= Phyllocactus phyllanthus var. paraguayensis F.A.C.Weber in Bois, Dict. Hort.: 957. 1898 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Epiphyllum phyllanthus var. paraguayense (F.A.C.Weber) Backeb., Cactaceae 2: 746. 1959 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#47.13.5= Epiphyllum gaillardae Britton & Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: 240. 1913 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Phyllocactus gaillardae (Britton & Rose) Vaupel in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 87, 88. 1913 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#47.13.6= Epiphyllum phyllanthus var. schnetteri Peukert in Kakteen And. Sukk. 42(11): 255. 1991 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Acc.#47.14.1 Epiphyllum phyllanthus subsp. rubrocoronatum (Kimnach) Ralf Bauer in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 17: 25. 2003. Sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#47.14.1Epiphyllum phyllanthus var. rubrocoronatum Kimnach in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 36: 110. 1964 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Epiphyllum rubrocoronatum (Kimnach) Dodson & A.H.Gentry in Selbyana 2: 31. 1977 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#47.14.2= Epiphyllum trimetrale Croizat in Ciencia 6: 353. 1946 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Acc.#47.15.1 Epiphyllum phyllanthus var. plattsii Proctor, Fl. Cayman Islands: 256. 2012. Sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#47.16.1 Epiphyllum pumilum Britton & Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: 258. 1913. Sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#47.16.1Phyllocactus pumilus (Britton & Rose) Vaupel in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 117. 1913 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#47.16.2= Epiphyllum caudatum Britton & Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: 256. 1913 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Phyllocactus caudatus (Britton & Rose) Vaupel in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 116. 1913 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Acc.#47.17.1 Epiphyllum thomasianum (K.Schum.) Britton & Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: 259. 1913. Sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#47.17.1Phyllocactus thomasianus K.Schum. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 5: 6. 1895 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Epiphyllum macropterum var. thomasianum (K.Schum.) Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 359. 1937 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Acc.#47.18.1 Epiphyllum thomasianum subsp. costaricense (F.A.C.Weber) Ralf Bauer in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 17: 22. 2003. Sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#47.18.1Phyllocactus costaricensis F.A.C.Weber in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 8: 463. 1902 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Epiphyllum costaricense (F.A.C.Weber) Britton & Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: 256. 1913 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Epiphyllum thomasianum var. costaricense (F.A.C.Weber) Kimnach in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 37: 168. 1965 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#47.18.2= Phyllocactus macrocarpus F.A.C.Weber in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 8: 464. 1902 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Epiphyllum macrocarpum (F.A.C.Weber) Backeb., Cactaceae 2: 754. 1959 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Acc.#47.19.1 Epiphyllum thomasianum subsp. thomasianum. Sec. Korotkova & al. (2017)

Syn.#47.19.2= Phyllocactus ruestii Weing. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 24: 123. 1914 syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Epiphyllum ruestii (Weing.) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 163. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Korotkova & al. (2017) Epiphyllum strictum var. ruestii (Weing.) Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 359. 1937 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Acc.#48. Epithelantha F.A.C.Weber ex Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 92. 1922. Sec. Aquino & al. (2019) Type: Epithelantha micromeris (Engelm.) F.A.C.Weber ex Britton & Rose

Syn.#48.g1= Cephalomamillaria Frič in in Život v Přír. 29: 9. 1925 syn. sec. Aquino (2021). Type: Cephalomamillaria micromeris (Engelm.) Frič

Notes. – The number of accepted species in Epithelantha has been constantly changing, while some authors, e.g. Donati & Zanovello (2011) recognized about half a dozen species, others, e.g. Hunt (2016) accepted only two (E. bokei and E. micromeris). Hitherto only E. micromeris had been sampled in phylogenetic studies (Vázquez-Sánchez & al. 2013, Bárcenas & al. 2011), and found in an isolated position within the tribe Cacteae. Aquino & al. (2019) have performed a detailed phylogenetic study of the genus and reconstructed the phylogeny of Epithelantha using sequences from the four plastid regions petL-psbE, psbA-trnH, trnL-F, and trnQ-rps16 and a set of morphological characters. Epithelantha was recovered as monophyletic with maximal support as sister to Turbinicarpus. The tree was fully resolved at the species-level and all clades corresponding to species received high or maximal support, thus providing a reliable basis for accepting in total 10 species. [Aquino (2021)]

Acc.#48.1.1 Epithelantha bokei L.D.Benson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 41: 185. 1969. Sec. Aquino & al. (2019)

Syn.#48.1.1Epithelantha micromeris var. bokei (L.D.Benson) Glass & R.A.Foster in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 50: 185. 1978 syn. sec. Aquino & al. (2019) Epithelantha micromeris subsp. bokei (L.D.Benson) U.Guzmán in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 17. 2003 syn. sec. Aquino & al. (2019)

Acc.#48.2.1 Epithelantha cryptica D.Donati & Zanov., Epithelantha: 55. 2011. Sec. Aquino & al. (2019)

Acc.#48.3.1 Epithelantha greggii (Engelm.) Orcutt in Cactography 5. 1926. Sec. Aquino & al. (2019)

Syn.#48.3.1Mammillaria micromeris var. greggii Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 261. 1856 syn. sec. Aquino & al. (2019) Cactus micromeris var. greggii (Engelm.) J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 101. 1894 syn. sec. Aquino & al. (2019) Mammillaria greggii (Engelm.) Saff. in Annual Rep. U.S. Natl. Mus. 1908: 531. 1909 syn. sec. Aquino & al. (2019) Cephalomammillaria micromeris var. greggii (Engelm.) Frič in Ceskoslov. Zahradn. Listy 1924: 120. 1924 syn. sec. Aquino & al. (2019) Cephalomammillaria greggii (Engelm.) Frič in Život v Přír. 29(9): 9. 1925 syn. sec. Aquino (2021) Epithelantha micromeris var. greggii (Engelm.) Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 212. 1937 syn. sec. Aquino & al. (2019) Epithelantha micromeris subsp. greggii (Engelm.) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 5: 12. 1998 syn. sec. Aquino & al. (2019) Cephalomamillaria micromeris var. greggii (Engelm.) Frič in Ceskoslov. Zahradn. Listy 1924: 120. 1924 syn. sec. Aquino (2021) [is misspelling for Cephalomammillaria micromeris var. greggii (Engelm.) Frič]

Syn.#48.3.2= Epithelantha densispina Bravo in Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 22: 19. 1951 syn. sec. Aquino & al. (2019) Epithelantha micromeris var. densispina (Bravo) Backeb. in Cactus (Paris) 39: 31. 1954 syn. sec. Aquino (2021)

Syn.#48.3.3= Epithelantha rufispina Bravo in Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 22: 22. 1951 syn. sec. Aquino & al. (2019) Epithelantha micromeris var. rufispina (Bravo) Backeb. in Cactus (Paris) 40: 57. 1954 syn. sec. Aquino (2021)

Syn.#48.3.4= Epithelantha petri Halda & Horáček in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 7: 72. 2000 syn. sec. Aquino & al. (2019)

Acc.#48.4.1 Epithelantha ilariae D.Donati & Zanov. in Piante Grasse 30: 186. 2010. Sec. Aquino & al. (2019)

Acc.#48.5.1 Epithelantha micromeris (Engelm.) F.A.C.Weber ex Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 93. 1922. Sec. Aquino & al. (2019)

Syn.#48.5.1Mammillaria micromeris Engelm., Syn. Cact.: 260. 1856 syn. sec. Aquino & al. (2019) Cactus micromeris (Engelm.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 260. 1891 syn. sec. Aquino & al. (2019) Echinocactus micromeris (Engelm.) F.A.C.Weber, Dict. Hort.: 804. 1898 syn. sec. Aquino & al. (2019) Cephalomamillaria micromeris (Engelm.) Frič in Život v Přír. 29: 9. 1925 syn. sec. Aquino & al. (2019) Epithelantha micromeris subsp. micromeris syn. sec. Aquino & al. (2019) Epithelantha micromeris var. micromeris

Syn.#48.5.2Epithelantha micromeris var. typica Croizat, Desert Pl. Life 15: 139. 1943, nom. inval. syn. sec. Aquino (2021)

Syn.#48.5.3Epithelantha micromeris var. caespitosa Y.Itô, Cactaceae: 529. 1981, nom. inval. syn. sec. Aquino (2021)

Acc.#48.6.1 Epithelantha pachyrhiza (W.T.Marshall) Backeb. in Cactus (Paris) 39: 31. 1954. Sec. Aquino & al. (2019)

Syn.#48.6.1Epithelantha micromeris var. pachyrhiza W.T.Marshall in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 16: 161. 1944 syn. sec. Aquino & al. (2019) Epithelantha micromeris subsp. pachyrhiza (W.T.Marshall) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 5: 13. 1998 syn. sec. Aquino & al. (2019)

Syn.#48.6.2= Epithelantha micromeris var. elongata Backeb. in Cactus (Paris) 40: 62. 1954 syn. sec. Aquino (2021) Epithelantha micromeris f. elongata (Backeb.) Bravo in Cact. Suc. Mex. 25: 65. 1980 syn. sec. Aquino (2021) Epithelantha pachyrhiza var. elongata Backeb. in Cactus (Paris) 39: 32. 1954 syn. sec. Aquino & al. (2019) Epithelantha pachyrhiza subsp. elongata (Backeb.) D.Donati & Zanov. in Piante Grasse 30: 185. 2010 syn. sec. Aquino & al. (2019)

Syn.#48.6.3= Epithelantha pachyrhiza subsp. parvula D.Donati & Zanov. in Piante Grasse 30: 185. 2010 syn. sec. Aquino & al. (2019)

Acc.#48.7.1 Epithelantha polycephala Backeb. in Cactus (Paris) 39: 32. 1954. Sec. Aquino & al. (2019)

Syn.#48.7.1Epithelantha micromeris var. polycephala (Backeb.) Glass & R.A.Foster in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 50: 187. 1978 syn. sec. Aquino & al. (2019) Epithelantha micromeris subsp. polycephala (Backeb.) Glass, Guía Identific. Cact. Amenazadas México: s.p. 1997 ["1998"] syn. sec. Aquino & al. (2019) Epithelantha greggii subsp. polycephala (Backeb.) D.Donati & Zanov. in Piante Grasse 30: 185. 2010 syn. sec. Aquino & al. (2019)

Acc.#48.8.1 Epithelantha potosina (D.Donati & Zanov.) D.Aquino & S.Arias in Syst. Bot. 44(3): 612. 2019. Sec. Aquino & al. (2019)

Syn.#48.8.1Epithelantha greggii subsp. potosina D.Donati & Zanov. in Piante Grasse 30: 186. 2010 syn. sec. Aquino & al. (2019)

Acc.#48.9.1 Epithelantha pulchra (D.Donati & Zanov.) D.Aquino & S.Arias in Syst. Bot. 44(3): 612. 2019. Sec. Aquino & al. (2019)

Syn.#48.9.1Epithelantha pachyrhiza subsp. pulchra D.Donati & Zanov. in Piante Grasse 30: 185. 2010 syn. sec. Aquino & al. (2019)

Acc.#48.10.1 Epithelantha spinosior C.Schmoll in Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 22: 11. 1951. Sec. Aquino & al. (2019)

Syn.#48.10.2= Mammillaria micromeris var. unguispina Boed. in Monatsschr. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 4: 118. 1932 syn. sec. Aquino & al. (2019) Epithelantha micromeris var. unguispina (Boed.) Backeb. in Cactus (Paris) 39: 31. 1954 syn. sec. Aquino & al. (2019) Epithelantha micromeris subsp. unguispina (Boed.) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 5: 12. 1998 syn. sec. Aquino & al. (2019) Epithelantha unguispina (Boed.) D.Donati & Zanov. in Piante Grasse 30: 186. 2010 syn. sec. Aquino & al. (2019)

Syn.#48.10.3= Epithelantha unguispina subsp. huastecana D.Donati & Zanov. in Piante Grasse 30: 186. 2010 syn. sec. Aquino & al. (2019)

Acc.#49. Eriosyce Phil. in Anales Univ. Chile 41: 721. 1872. Sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Type: Eriosyce sandillon (Gay) Phil.

Syn.#49.g1= Neoporteria Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 94. 1922 syn. sec. Hunt (2006). Type: Neoporteria subgibbosa (Haw.) Britton & Rose

Syn.#49.0.4= Friesia Frič ex Kreuz. in Möller's Deutsche Gärtn.-Zeitung 44: 253-254. 1929, nom. illeg. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.0.5= Pyrrhocactus A.Berger, Kakteen: 215, 345. 1929 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.0.6= Chileocactus Frič in Kaktusář 2: 21. 1931 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.0.7= Islaya Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1934(10): 3. 1934 syn. sec. Hunt (2006). Type: Islaya minor Backeb.

Syn.#49.0.8= Chileniopsis Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 283, 416. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.0.9= Chilenia Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1938(6): 21. 1938 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Syn.#49.0.10= Chiliorebutia Frič in Succulenta (Netherlands) 20: 55. 1938 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.0.11= Horridocactus Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1938(6): 21. 1938 syn. sec. Hunt (2006). Type: Horridocactus horridus (Colla) Backeb.

Syn.#49.0.12= Nichelia Bullock in Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938: 297. 1938 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.0.13= Euporteria Kreuz. & Buining in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 50: 200. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.0.14= Hildmannia Kreuz. & Buining in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 50: 204. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.0.15= Neochilenia Backeb. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 51: 60. 1942 syn. sec. Hunt (2006). Type: Neochilenia jussieui (Monv.) Backeb.

Syn.#49.0.16= Dracocactus Y.Itô in Bull. Takarazuka Insectarium 71: ?. 1950 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.0.17= Neotanahashia Y.Itô, Expl. Diagr.: 113. 1957 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.0.18= Netanahashia Y.Itô, Expl. Diagr.: 290. 1957 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.0.19= Thelocephala Y.Itô, Explan. Diagr. Austroechinocactinae: 292. 1957 syn. sec. Hunt (2006). Type: Thelocephala napina (Phil.) Y.Itô

Syn.#49.0.20= Chileorebutia Frič ex F.Ritter in Cactus (Paris) 66: 5. 1960 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#49.0.21= Delaetia Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3788. 1962 syn. sec. Tropicos. Type: Delaetia woutersiana Backeb.

Syn.#49.0.22= Rodentiophila F.Ritter & Y.Itô in Itô, Cactaceae: 429. 1981 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Notes. – Phylogenetics: The diminutive Eriosyce laui Lüthy from North Chile has been found to differ morphologically from the remaining taxa of Eriosyce s.l. by Nyffeler & Eggli (1997) and was subsequently segregated as the monotypic genus Rimacactus. This segregation is backed up by molecular data of Guerrero & al. (2019b). [Guerrero (2021)] Key literature: Recent treatments by Kattermann (1994) and Hoffmann & Walter (2005; Chile), Guerrero & al. (2019a,b)

Acc.#49.1.1 Eriosyce aerocarpa (F.Ritter) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 119. 1994. Sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Syn.#49.1.1Chileorebutia aerocarpa F.Ritter in Cactus (Paris) 63(Suppl.): 6. 1959 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021) Neochilenia aerocarpa Backeb., Cactaceae 3: 1826. 1959 [as "acrocarpa"] syn. sec. Guerrero (2021) Neoporteria reichei f. aerocarpa (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 57. 1966 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021) Thelocephala aerocarpa (F.Ritter) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1010. 1980 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021) Neoporteria napina var. aerocarpa (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 226. 1989 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021) Neoporteria reichei var. aerocarpa (F.Ritter) Ferryman, Cacti Illustr. Dict.: 147. 1991 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021) Eriosyce napina subsp. aerocarpa (F.Ritter) Ferryman in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 11. 2003 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021) Neochilenia acrocarpa Backeb., Cactaceae 3: 1826. 1959, nom. inval. syn. sec. TPL (2013)

Syn.#49.1.2= Thelocephala nuda F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1004. 1980 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021) Neoporteria napina f. nuda (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 224. 1989 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021)

Acc.#49.2.1 Eriosyce armata (F.Ritter) P.C.Guerrero & Helmut Walter in Taxon 68(3): 567. 2020. Sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Syn.#49.2.1Pyrrhocactus armatus F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1960: 49. 1960 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Horridocactus armatus (F.Ritter) Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3792. 1962 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Neoporteria tuberisulcata var. armata (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 58. 1966 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Neoporteria armata (F.Ritter) Krainz, Städtische Sukkulentensammlung Zürich, Kat. Kult. Stehenden Art., ed. 2: 86. 1967 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Neoporteria horrida var. armata (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 190. 1989 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Eriosyce curvispina var. armata (F.Ritter) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 117. 1994 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Eriosyce curvispina subsp. armata (F.Ritter) Katt. in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 12: 14. 2001 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Syn.#49.2.2= Echinopsis nigricans Linke in Allg. Gartenzeitung 25: 239. 1857 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus nigricans (Linke) D.Dietr. ex K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 420. 1898 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria nigricans (Linke) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 95–96, f. 105. 1922 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Nichelia nigricans (Linke) Bullock in Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938: 298. 1938 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Chilenia nigricans (Linke) Backeb. in Kakteenkunde 1939: 82. 1939 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neochilenia nigricans (Linke) Y.Itô, Explan. Diagr. Austroechinocactinae: 275. 1957 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Pyrrhocactus nigricans (Linke) F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1959: 131. 1959 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria tuberisulcata var. nigricans (Linke) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 58. 1966

Syn.#49.2.3= Echinocactus soehrensii K.Schum. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 11: 75. 1901 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#49.2.4= Hildmannia nigricans (A.Dietr. ex K.Schum.) Kreuz. & Buining in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 50: 207. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Horridocactus nigricans (A.Dietr. ex K.Schum.) Backeb. & Dölz in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 51: 61. 1942 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#49.3.1 Eriosyce aspillagae (Söhrens) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 118. 1994. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.3.1Echinocactus aspillagae Söhrens in Monatsschr. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 1: 125. 1929 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Neoporteria aspillagae (Söhrens) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 259. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neochilenia aspillagae (Söhrens) Backeb. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 51: 50. 1942 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Pyrrhocactus aspillagae (Söhrens) F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1959: 131. 1959 syn. sec. Hunt (1999) Neoporteria horrida var. aspillagae (Söhrens) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 190. 1989 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.3.2= Eriosyce aspillagae subsp. maechlerorum Helmut Walter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 53: 261. 2002 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Syn.#49.3.3= Eriosyce aspillagae subsp. maechleri A.E.Hoffm. & H.E.Walter, Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 198. 2004 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021)

Acc.#49.4.1 Eriosyce atroviridis (F.Ritter) P.C.Guerrero & Helmut Walter in Taxon 68(3): 568. 2020. Sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Syn.#49.4.1Pyrrhocactus atroviridis F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1960: 89. 1960 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Horridocactus atroviridis (F.Ritter) Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3793. 1962 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Neoporteria tuberisulcata var. atroviridis (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 58. 1966 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Neoporteria vallenarensis var. atroviridis (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 218. 1989 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Neoporteria atroviridis (F.Ritter) R.M.Ferryman, Cacti Illustr. Dict.: 140. 1991 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Eriosyce crispa subsp. atroviridis (F.Ritter) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 118. 1994 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Eriosyce crispa var. atroviridis (F.Ritter) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 118. 1994 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Eriosyce eriosyzoides subsp. atroviridis (F.Ritter) Ferryman in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 11. 2003 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Syn.#49.4.2= Pyrrhocactus eriosyzoides var. domeykoensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 938. 1980 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Neoporteria vallenarensis var. domeykoensis (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 218. 1989 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Neoporteria eriosyzoides var. domeykoensis (F.Ritter) Ferryman, Cacti Illustr. Dict.: 142. 1991 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Acc.#49.5.1 Eriosyce aurata (Pfeiff.) Backeb. in Cact. J. (Croydon) 5: 9. 1936. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.5.1Echinocactus auratus Pfeiff., Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 2: t. 14. 1847 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Eriosyce aurata var. aurata

Syn.#49.5.2= Echinocactus ceratistes Otto ex Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 51. 1837 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Eriosyce ceratistes (Otto ex Pfeiff.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 186. 1922 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Trichocereus ceratistes (Otto) H.P.Kelsey & Dayton, Standard. Pl. Names, ed. 2: 78. 1942 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.5.3= Echinocactus sandillon Gay, Fl. Chil. 3: 14. 1848 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Eriosyce sandillon (Gay) Phil. in Anales Univ. Chile 41: 721. 1872 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.5.4= Eriosyce ceratistes var. combarbalensis Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 33. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.5.5= Eriosyce ceratistes var. coquimbensis Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 32. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.5.6= Eriosyce ceratistes var. jorgensis Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 33. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.5.7= Eriosyce ceratistes var. mollesensis Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 32. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Eriosyce sandillon var. mollesensis (Backeb.) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 144. 1989 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.5.8= Eriosyce ceratistes var. vallenarensis Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 32. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Eriosyce sandillon var. vallenarensis (Backeb.) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 144. 1989 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.5.9= Eriosyce ceratistes var. zorillaensis Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 32. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.5.10= Eriosyce algarrobensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 914. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Eriosyce sandillon var. algarrobensis (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 146. 1989 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.5.11= Eriosyce ihotzkyanae F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 912. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.5.12= Eriosyce lapampaensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 914. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.5.13= Eriosyce spinibarbis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 915. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Eriosyce aurata var. spinibarbis (F.Ritter) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 117. 1994 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#49.6.1 Eriosyce bulbocalyx (Werderm.) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 117. 1994. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.6.1Echinocactus bulbocalyx Werderm., Blüh. Kakt. Mappe 34: t. 136. 1937 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Pyrrhocactus bulbocalyx (Werderm.) Backeb., Cactaceae 3: 1565. 1959 syn. sec. Tropicos Neoporteria bulbocalyx (Werderm.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 55. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.6.2= Pyrrhocactus dubius Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 415. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Neoporteria dubia (Backeb.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 56. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.6.3= Pyrrhocactus umadeave var. marayesensis Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 13. 1963 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Neoporteria umadeave var. marayesensis (Backeb.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 58. 1966 Pyrrhocactus marayesensis (Backeb.) J.G.Lamb., Cact. Argentine, ed. 2: 265. 1998 ["1997"] syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Acc.#49.7.1 Eriosyce calderana (F.Ritter) Ferryman in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 20: 15. 2005. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.7.1Pyrrhocactus calderanus F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1961: 13. 1961 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Neochilenia calderana (F.Ritter) Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 9. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria calderana Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 55. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Eriosyce pygmaea subsp. calderana (F.Ritter) Ferryman in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 11. 2003 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria intermedia var. calderana (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 194. 1989, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.7.2= Pyrrhocactus pilispinus F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1962: 42. 1962 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neochilenia pilispina (F.Ritter) Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 9. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria pilispina (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 57. 1966 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Neoporteria intermedia var. pilispina (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 194. 1989 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Eriosyce taltalensis subsp. pilispina (F.Ritter) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 119. 1994 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#49.8.1 Eriosyce caligophila R.Pinto in Bradleya 23: 1. 2005. Sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Syn.#49.8.1Islaya caligophila (R.Pinto) Faúndez & R.Kiesling in Darwiniana 45: 237. 2007 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021) Neoporteria caligophila (R.Pinto) Lodé in Cact.-Avent. Int. 98(Suppl.): 7. 2013 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021)

Acc.#49.9.1 Eriosyce castanea (F.Ritter) P.C.Guerrero & Helmut Walter in Taxon 68(3): 568. 2020. Sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Syn.#49.9.1Neoporteria castanea F.Ritter in Taxon 12: 34. 1963 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Neoporteria subgibbosa f. castanea (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 58. 1966 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Neoporteria subgibbosa var. castanea (F.Ritter) Ferryman, Cacti Illustr. Dict.: 148. 1991 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Eriosyce subgibbosa var. castanea (F.Ritter) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 119. 1994 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Syn.#49.9.2= Neoporteria castanea var. tunensis F.Ritter in Taxon 12(1): 34. 1963 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Neoporteria subgibbosa f. tunensis (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 58. 1966 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Acc.#49.10.1 Eriosyce chilensis (Hildm. ex K.Schum.) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 119. 1994. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.10.1Echinocactus chilensis Hildm. ex K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 423. 1898 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Neoporteria chilensis (Hildm. ex K.Schum.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 99, f. 108. 1922 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Chilenia chilensis (Hildm. ex K.Schum.) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 300. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Euporteria chilensis (Hildm. ex K.Schum.) Kreuz. & Buining in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 50: 201. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neochilenia chilensis (Hildm. ex K.Schum.) Backeb. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 23: 88. 1951 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Pyrrhocactus chilensis (Hildm. ex K.Schum.) F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1959: 131. 1959 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.10.2= Echinocactus chilensis var. confinis Hildm., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 424. 1898 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus chilensis f. confinis (Hildm.) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 195. 1907 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria chilensis f. confinis (Hildm.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 55. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.10.3= Pyrrhocactus chilensis var. albidiflorus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 927. 1980 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Eriosyce chilensis var. albidiflora (F.Ritter) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 119. 1994 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.10.4= Pyrrhocactus krausii F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 953. 1980 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#49.11.1 Eriosyce clavata (Söhrens ex K.Schum.) Helmut Walter in Bradleya 26: 92. 2008. Sec. Zuloaga & al. (2008)

Syn.#49.11.1Echinocactus clavatus Söhrens ex K.Schum. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 10: 27. 1900 Arequipa clavata (Söhrens ex K.Schum.) Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 216. 1937 Neoporteria clavata (Söhrens ex K.Schum.) Werderm. in Kakteenkunde 1939: 79. 1939 syn. sec. Zuloaga & al. (2008) Euporteria clavata (Söhrens ex K.Schum.) Kreuz. & Buining in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 50: 202. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Eriosyce subgibbosa subsp. clavata (Söhrens ex K.Schum.) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 119. 1994 Eriosyce subgibbosa var. clavata (Söhrens ex K.Schum.) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 119. 1994

Syn.#49.11.2= Chilenia nigrihorrida var. major Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 301, 417. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria subgibbosa f. major (Backeb.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 58. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.11.3= Chilenia nigrihorrida var. minor Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 301, 417. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria subgibbosa f. minor (Backeb.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 58. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.11.4= Pyrrhocactus wagenknechtii F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1960: 82. 1960 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neochilenia wagenknechtii (F.Ritter) Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3783. 1962 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria jussieui var. wagenknechtii (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 198. 1989 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.11.5= Neoporteria clavata var. procera F.Ritter in Taxon 12: 34. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.11.6= Neoporteria clavata var. parviflora F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 45: 131. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.11.7= Neoporteria ritteri Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 57. 1966 syn. sec. Zuloaga & al. (2008)

Acc.#49.12.1 Eriosyce coimasensis (F.Ritter) P.C.Guerrero & Helmut Walter in Taxon 68(3): 568. 2020. Sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Syn.#49.12.1Neoporteria coimasensis F.Ritter in Taxon 12: 34. 1963 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Neoporteria nidus var. coimasensis (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 164. 1989 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Eriosyce senilis subsp. coimasensis (F.Ritter) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 119. 1994 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Syn.#49.12.2= Neoporteria robusta F.Ritter in Taxon 12: 34. 1963 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Neoporteria coimasensis var. robusta (F.Ritter) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1041–1042. 1980 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Neoporteria subgibbosa var. robusta (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 168. 1989 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Acc.#49.13.1 Eriosyce crispa (F.Ritter) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 118. 1994. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.13.1Pyrrhocactus crispus F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1959: 137. 1959 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Horridocactus crispus (F.Ritter) Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3795. 1962 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria crispa (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 55. 1966 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Neoporteria vallenarensis var. crispa (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 218. 1989, nom. inval.

Syn.#49.13.2= Neochilenia nigriscoparia Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3784. 1962 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#49.14.1 Eriosyce crispa subsp. crispa. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#49.15.1 Eriosyce crispa subsp. totoralensis (F.Ritter) Katt. in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 12: 14. 2001. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.15.1Pyrrhocactus totoralensis F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1961: 131. 1961 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Neochilenia totoralensis (F.Ritter) Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 10. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria totoralensis (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 58. 1966 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Eriosyce crispa var. totoralensis (F.Ritter) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 118. 1994 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Eriosyce eriosyzoides var. totoralensis (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm. & Helmut Walter, Cact. Fl. Silv. Chile, ed. 2: 222. 2004 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria carrizalensis var. totoralensis (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 178. 1989, nom. inval.

Acc.#49.16.1 Eriosyce curvispina (Bertero ex Colla) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 117. 1994. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#49.16.1Cactus curvispinus Bertero ex Colla in Mem. Reale Accad. Sci. Torino 37: 76. 1834 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Echinocactus curvispinus (Bertero ex Colla) Gay, Fl. Chil. 3: 16. 1848 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Malacocarpus curvispinus (Bertero ex Colla) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 203. 1922 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Pyrrhocactus curvispinus (Bertero ex Colla) A.Berger, Kakteen: 345. 1929 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Horridocactus curvispinus (Bertero ex Colla) Backeb. in Kakteenkunde 1940: 51. 1940 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Hildmannia curvispina (Bertero ex Colla) Kreuz. & Buining in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 50: 207. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria curvispina (Bertero ex Colla) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 55. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.16.2= Cactus horridus Colla in Mem. Reale Accad. Sci. Torino 37: 76. 1834 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Echinocactus horridus Gay, Fl. Chil. 3: 15. 1848 syn. sec. Tropicos Pyrrhocactus horridus (Colla) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 264. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Horridocactus horridus (Colla) Backeb. in Kakteenkunde 1940: 51. 1940 syn. sec. Tropicos Hildmannia horrida (Colla) Kreuz. & Buining in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 50: 207. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria horrida (Gay) D.R.Hunt in Bradleya 5: 93. 1987 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.16.3= Echinocactus geissei Poselg. ex K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 406. 1898 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Hildmannia geissei (Poselg. ex K.Schum.) Kreuz. & Buining in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 50: 206. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Horridocactus geissei (Poselg. ex K.Schum.) Dölz in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 51: 61. 1942 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Neoporteria curvispina var. geissei (Poselg. ex K.Schum.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 56. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.16.4= Echinocactus geissei var. albicans Hildm. in Schumann, Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 406. 1898 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria curvispina f. albicans (Hildm.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 56. 1966

Syn.#49.16.5= Echinocactus soebrensii K.Schum. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 11: 75. 1901 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.16.6= Echinocactus froehlichianus K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt., Nachtr. 1: 124. 1903 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Pyrrhocactus froehlichianus (K.Schum.) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 262. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Gymnocalycium froehlichianum (K.Schum.) Osten in Anales Mus. Hist. Nat. Montevideo, ser. 2, 5(1): 77. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Hildmannia froehlichiana (K.Schum.) Kreuz. & Buining in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 50: 206. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria tuberisulcata var. froehlichiana (K.Schum.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 58. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.16.7= Horridocactus kesselringianus Dölz in Kakteenkunde 1942: 5. 1942 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Neoporteria kesselringiana (Dölz) Hutchison in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 27: 183. 1955 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Pyrrhocactus kesselringianus (Dölz) F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1959: 131. 1959 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria curvispina var. kesselringiana (Dölz) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 56. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.16.8= Horridocactus andicola F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1959: 97. 1959 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Pyrrhocactus andicola (F.Ritter) F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1959: 131. 1959 syn. sec. Hunt (1999) Neoporteria curvispina var. andicola (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 55. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.16.9= Horridocactus andicola var. descendens F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1959: 97. 1959 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Pyrrhocactus andicola var. descendens (F.Ritter) F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1959: 131. 1959 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria curvispina f. descendens (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 55. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.16.10= Horridocactus andicola var. mollensis F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1959: 97. 1959 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Pyrrhocactus andicola var. mollensis (F.Ritter) F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1959: 131. 1959 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria curvispina f. mollensis (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 55. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.16.11= Horridocactus andicola var. robustus F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1959: 97. 1959 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Pyrrhocactus andicola var. robustus (F.Ritter) F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1959: 131. 1959 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Pyrrhocactus robustus F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1960: 65. 1960 syn. sec. Tropicos Neochilenia robusta (F.Ritter) Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3781. 1962 syn. sec. Tropicos Eriosyce curvispina var. robusta (F.Ritter) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 117. 1994 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria tuberisulcata var. robusta (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 58. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria curvispina f. robusta (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 55. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Pyrrhocactus horridus var. robustus (F.Ritter) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 947. 1980 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.16.12= Horridocactus kesselringianus var. subaequalis Backeb., Cactaceae 3: 1841. 1959 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria curvispina f. subaequalis (Backeb.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 56. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.16.13= Pyrrhocactus aconcaguensis F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1960: 108. 1960 syn. sec. Tropicos Horridocactus aconcaguensis (F.Ritter) Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3791. 1962 syn. sec. Tropicos Eriosyce curvispina var. aconcaguensis (F.Ritter) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 117. 1994 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria curvispina f. aconcaguensis (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 55. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Pyrrhocactus horridus var. aconcaguensis (F.Ritter) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 948. 1980 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria curvispina var. aconcaguensis Don. & Rose syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#49.16.14= Pyrrhocactus aconcaguensis var. orientalis F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1960: 109. 1960 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.16.15Horridocactus aconcaguensis var. orientalis (F.Ritter) Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3791. 1962 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria curvispina f. orientalis (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 55. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Pyrrhocactus horridus var. orientalis (F.Ritter) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 949. 1980 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.16.16= Pyrrhocactus choapensis F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1960: 133. 1960 syn. sec. Tropicos Horridocactus choapensis (F.Ritter) Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3793. 1962 syn. sec. Tropicos Neoporteria choapensis (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 55. 1966 syn. sec. Tropicos Eriosyce curvispina var. choapensis (F.Ritter) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 117. 1994 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.16.17= Pyrrhocactus grandiflorus F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1960: 41. 1960 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Horridocactus grandiflorus (F.Ritter) Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3796. 1962 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria curvispina var. grandiflora (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 56. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.16.18= Pyrrhocactus odoriflorus F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1960: 116. 1960 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neochilenia odoriflora (F.Ritter) Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3778. 1962 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria horrida var. odoriflora (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 190. 1989 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) ≡ ?Neoporteria odoriflora Backeb. syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#49.16.19= Pyrrhocactus robustus var. vegasanus F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1960: 65. 1960 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neochilenia robusta var. vegasana (F.Ritter) Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3783. 1962 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria tuberisulcata var. vegasana (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 58. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.16.20= Pyrrhocactus coliguayensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 929. 1980 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria horrida var. coliguayensis (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 190. 1989 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.16.21= Pyrrhocactus pamaensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 962. 1980 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.16.22= Pyrrhocactus truncatipetalus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 980. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (1999)

Notes. – The combination Gymnocalycium froehlichianum published by Osten (1941) is an auct. case. He uses the combination for plants from Zapato, Capilla del Monte (Argentina), which he describes in the text and depicts in two tables: "Gymnocalycium Froehlichianum (K. Sch.) o Saglione (Cels.)" So, he was obviously not sure whether the plants he found belonged to Schumann's

Acc.#49.17.1 Echinocactus froehlichianus. Two species are illustrated in Osten (1941) under the name "Gymnocalycium Froehlichianum (K. Sch.) o Saglione (Cels.)": Gymnocalycium valnicekianum (G. mostii s. l) and G. monvillei. [Metzing (2021)]

Acc.#49.18.1 Eriosyce curvispina subsp. curvispina. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#49.19.1 Eriosyce curvispina subsp. tuberisulcata (Jacobi) Katt. in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 12: 14. 2001. Sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Syn.#49.19.1Echinocactus tuberisulcatus Jacobi in Allg. Gartenzeitung 24: 108. 1856 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021) Malacocarpus tuberisulcatus (Jacobi) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 202–203. 1922 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021) Pyrrhocactus tuberisulcatus (Jacobi) A.Berger, Kakteen: 215. 1929 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021) Horridocactus tuberisulcatus (Jacobi) Y.Itô, Cacti, ed. 2: 80. 1952 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021) Neoporteria tuberisulcata (Jacobi) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 58. 1966 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021) Eriosyce curvispina var. tuberisulcata (Jacobi) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 117. 1994 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021)

Acc.#49.20.1 Eriosyce curvispina var. curvispina

Acc.#49.21.1 Eriosyce curvispina var. mutabilis (F.Ritter) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 117. 1994. Sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Syn.#49.21.1Pyrrhocactus horridus var. mutabilis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 946. 1980 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021)

Acc.#49.22.1 Eriosyce duripulpa (F.Ritter) P.C.Guerrero & Helmut Walter in Taxon 68(3): 567. 2020. Sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Syn.#49.22.1Chileorebutia duripulpa F.Ritter in Taxon 12: 123. 1963 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Neochilenia duripulpa (F.Ritter) Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 9. 1963 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Neoporteria reichei f. duripulpa (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 57. 1966 Thelocephala duripulpa (F.Ritter) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1010. 1980 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Neoporteria napina var. duripulpa (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 224. 1989 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Eriosyce napina var. duripulpa (F.Ritter) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 118. 1994 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Eriosyce napina subsp. duripulpa (F.Ritter) Katt. in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 12: 14. 2001 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Syn.#49.22.2= Eriosyce napina subsp. challensis I.Schaub & Keim, Cactus Co. 9(2): 111. 2005 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Thelocephala challensis (I.Schaub & Keim) Faúndez & Saldivia in Gayana, Bot. 68(2): 317. 2011 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Acc.#49.23.1 Eriosyce elquiensis (Katt.) P.C.Guerrero & Helmut Walter in Taxon 68(3): 568. 2020. Sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Syn.#49.23.1Eriosyce senilis subsp. elquiensis Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 117. 1994 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Acc.#49.24.1 Eriosyce engleri (F.Ritter) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 118. 1994. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.24.1Horridocactus engleri F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1959: 76. 1959 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Pyrrhocactus engleri (F.Ritter) F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1959: 131. 1959 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria engleri (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 56. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria curvispina var. engleri (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 182. 1989

Syn.#49.24.2= Horridocactus engleri var. krausii Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3796. 1962 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria engleri var. krausii (Backeb.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 56. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#49.25.1 Eriosyce eriosyzoides (F.Ritter) Ferryman in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 11. 2003. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#49.25.1Horridocactus eriosyzoides F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1959: 49. 1959 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Pyrrhocactus eriosyzoides (F.Ritter) F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1959: 131. 1959 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neochilenia eriosyzoides (F.Ritter) Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3777. 1962 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria eriosyzoides (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 56. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Eriosyce eriosyzoides subsp. eriosyzoides syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.25.2= Echinocactus supertextus Pfeiff., Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 2: t. 14. 1846 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.25.3= Echinocactus kunzei var. brevispinosus C.F.Först. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 15: 51. 1847 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.25.4= Echinocactus kunzei var. rigidior Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 33, 167. 1850 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.25.5= Echinocactus nidus Söhrens ex K.Schum. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 10: 122. 1900 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria nidus (Söhrens ex K.Schum.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 94, f. 103. 1922 syn. sec. Tropicos Nichelia nidus (Söhrens ex K.Schum.) Bullock in Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938: 297. 1938 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Euporteria nidus (Söhrens ex K.Schum.) Kreuz. & Buining in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 50: 202. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Chilenia nidus (Söhrens ex K.Schum.) Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1938(3, Suppl. 13): 4. 1938, nom. inval. syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#49.25.6= Neoporteria densispina Y.Itô, Explan. Diagr. Austroechinocactinae: 293. 1957 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria nidus f. densispina (Y.Itô) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 57. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.25.7= Pyrrhocactus huascensis F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1962: 57. 1962 syn. sec. Tropicos Neochilenia huascensis (F.Ritter) Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 9. 1963 syn. sec. Tropicos Neoporteria huascensis (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 56. 1966 syn. sec. Tropicos Neoporteria jussieui var. huascensis (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 198. 1989 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Eriosyce crispa var. huascensis (F.Ritter) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 118. 1994 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Eriosyce eriosyzoides var. huascensis (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm. & Helmut Walter, Cact. Fl. Silv. Chile, ed. 2: 222. 2004 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.25.8= Pyrrhocactus carrizalensis F.Ritter in Taxon 12: 33. 1963 Horridocactus carrizalensis (F.Ritter) Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 7. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria curvispina var. carrizalensis (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 55. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria carrizalensis (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 178. 1989 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria totoralensis var. carrizalensis (F.Ritter) Ferryman, Cacti Illustr. Dict.: 149. 1991 Eriosyce crispa var. carrizalensis (F.Ritter) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 118. 1994 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Eriosyce eriosyzoides var. carrizalensis (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm. & Helmut Walter, Cact. Fl. Silv. Chile, ed. 2: 222. 2004 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.25.9= Pyrrhocactus transitensis F.Ritter in Taxon 12: 33. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neochilenia transitensis (F.Ritter) Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 10. 1963 syn. sec. Tropicos Neoporteria curvispina var. transitensis (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 56. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria vallenarensis var. transitensis (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 218. 1989 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria transiens (F.Ritter) Ferryman, Cacti Illustr. Dict.: 149. 1991 syn. sec. Tropicos Neoporteria transitensis (F.Ritter) Ferryman, Cacti Illustr. Dict.: 149. 1991 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Eriosyce kunzei var. transitensis (F.Ritter) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 118. 1994 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Eriosyce eriosyzoides var. transitensis (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm. & Helmut Walter, Cact. Fl. Silv. Chile, ed. 2: 220. 2004 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.25.10Neochilenia eriosyzoides var. roseiflora Y.Itô, Cactaceae: 457. 1981, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#49.26.1 Eriosyce esmeraldana (F.Ritter) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 119. 1994. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.26.1Chileorebutia esmeraldana F.Ritter in Taxon 12: 123. 1963 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Neochilenia esmeraldana (F.Ritter) Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 9. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria esmeraldana (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 56. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Thelocephala esmeraldana (F.Ritter) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1021. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.26.2Neochilenia esmeraldana var. brevispina Backeb., Cactaceae 3: 1829. 1959, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#49.27.1 Eriosyce fankhauseri (F.Ritter) P.C.Guerrero & Helmut Walter in Taxon 68(3): 568. 2020. Sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Syn.#49.27.1Thelocephala fankhauseri F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1002. 1980 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Neoporteria napina var. fankhauseri (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 224. 1989 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Eriosyce napina subsp. fankhauseri (F.Ritter) Mächler & Helmut Walter in Cact. World 24: 141. 2006 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Eriosyce napina var. fankhauseri (F.Ritter) Romulski in Kaktusy Inne 4: 131. 2007 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Acc.#49.28.1 Eriosyce fulva (F.Ritter) P.C.Guerrero & Helmut Walter in Taxon 68(3): 568. 2020. Sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Syn.#49.28.1Thelocephala fulva (F.Ritter) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1011. 1980 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Eriosyce odieri subsp. fulva (F.Ritter) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 118. 1994 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Chileorebutia fulva F.Ritter in Cactus (Paris) 66: 10. 1960, nom. nud. syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Neoporteria napina var. fulva (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 226. 1989, nom. inval.

Acc.#49.29.1 Eriosyce garaventae (F.Ritter) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 118. 1994. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.29.1Horridocactus garaventae F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1959: 41. 1959 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Pyrrhocactus garaventae (F.Ritter) F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1959: 131. 1959 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria curvispina var. garaventae (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 56. 1966 Neoporteria garaventae (F.Ritter) Ferryman, Cacti Illustr. Dict.: 143. 1991

Syn.#49.29.2= Pyrrhocactus subaianus Backeb., Cactaceae 3: 1575. 1959 syn. sec. Hunt (1999) Neoporteria subaiana (Backeb.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 58. 1966 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Acc.#49.30.1 Eriosyce glabrescens (F.Ritter) P.C.Guerrero & Helmut Walter in Taxon 68(3): 568. 2020. Sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Syn.#49.30.1Chileorebutia glabrescens F.Ritter in Cactus (Paris) 66: 8. 1960 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Neoporteria napina f. glabrescens (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 57. 1966 Thelocephala glabrescens (F.Ritter) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1003. 1980 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Eriosyce odieri subsp. glabrescens (F.Ritter) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 118. 1994 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Eriosyce napina subsp. glabrescens (F.Ritter) Ferryman in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 11. 2003 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Eriosyce napina var. glabrescens (F.Ritter) Romulski in Kaktusy Inne 4: 131. 2007 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Syn.#49.30.2= Neochilenia carneoflora Kilian in Backeberg, Kakteenlex.: 288. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.30.3= Neoporteria reichei f. carneoflora Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 57. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.30.4= Eriosyce napina subsp. llanensis Schaub & Keim in Cactus Co 15(1): 36. 2011 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Syn.#49.30.5Neochilenia acrocarpa var. fulva E.Y.Dawson in Backeberg, Cactaceae 3: 1827. 1959, nom. inval. syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Acc.#49.31.1 Eriosyce heinrichiana (Backeb.) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 118. 1994. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#49.31.1Horridocactus heinrichianus Backeb. in Beitr. Sukkulentenk. Sukkulentenpflege 1942: 8. 1942 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Pyrrhocactus heinrichianus (Backeb.) F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1959: 131. 1959 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria curvispina var. heinrichiana (Backeb.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 56. 1966 Neoporteria heinrichiana (Backeb.) Ferryman, Cacti Illustr. Dict.: 143. 1991 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#49.31.2= Echinocactus niger Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 34. 1850 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#49.31.3= Echinocactus jussianus Lem., Monogr. Cact.: 247. 1853 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#49.31.4= Echinocactus occultus Phil., Fl. Atacam.: 23. 1860 syn. sec. Tropicos Neoporteria occulta (Phil.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 95, f. 104. 1922 syn. sec. Tropicos Nichelia occulta (Phil.) Bullock in Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938: 298. 1938 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Chilenia occulta (Phil.) Backeb. in Kakteenkunde 1939: 82. 1939 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neochilenia occulta (Phil.) Backeb. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 51: 50. 1942 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#49.31.5= Echinocactus jussieui var. cristatus Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 581. 1885 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#49.31.6= Echinocactus occultus K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt., Nachtr. 1: 114. 1903, nom. illeg. syn. sec. Hunt (2016) [non

Acc.#49.32.1 Echinocactus occultus Phil.] ≡ Pyrrhocactus occultus (K.Schum.) F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1959: 131. 1959 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.32.2= Pyrrhocactus chorosensis F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1960: 121. 1960 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neochilenia chorosensis (F.Ritter) Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3777. 1962 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Neoporteria chorosensis (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 55. 1966 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Neoporteria jussieui var. chorosensis (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 202. 1989 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.32.3= Neochilenia deherdtiana Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 9. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria deherdtiana (Backeb.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 56. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Pyrrhocactus deherdtianus (Backeb.) Katt. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 55: 123. 1983 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.32.4= Pyrrhocactus chaniarensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 926. 1980 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria jussieui var. chaniarensis (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 198. 1989 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.32.5= Pyrrhocactus trapichensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 979. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Neoporteria jussieui var. trapichensis (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 202. 1989 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#49.33.1 Eriosyce iquiquensis (F.Ritter) Ferryman in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 11. 2003. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.33.1Pyrrhocactus iquiquensis F.Ritter in Taxon 12: 32. 1963 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Neochilenia iquiquensis (F.Ritter) Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 9. 1963 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Neoporteria iquiquensis (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 56. 1966 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Eriosyce recondita subsp. iquiquensis (F.Ritter) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 117. 1994 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Islaya iquiquensis (F.Ritter) Faúndez & R.Kiesling in Darwiniana 45: 237. 2007 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.33.2= Reicheocactus floribundus Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3802. 1962 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Pyrrhocactus floribundus (Backeb.) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 940. 1980 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Neoporteria reichei f. floribunda (Backeb.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 57. 1966, nom. inval. Neoporteria aricensis var. floribunda (Backeb.) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 176. 1989, nom. inval.

Acc.#49.34.1 Eriosyce islayensis (C.F.Först.) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 117. 1994. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.34.1Echinocactus islayensis C.F.Först. in Hamburger Garten- Blumenzeitung 17: 160. 1861 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Malacocarpus islayensis (C.F.Först.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 201, pl. 22, f. 4. 1922 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Islaya islayensis (C.F.Först.) Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1934(10): 3, genus 63. 1934 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Parodia islayensis (C.F.Först.) Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 268. 1937 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria islayensis (C.F.Först.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 56. 1966 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.34.2= Echinocactus lindleyi C.F.Först. in Hamburger Garten- Blumenzeitung 17: 162. 1861 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria lindleyi (C.F.Först.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 57. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.34.3= Echinocactus molendensis Vaupel in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50(2-3, Beibl. 111): 24. 1913 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922) Islaya molendensis (Vaupel) Backeb. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 23: 119. 1951 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Neoporteria islayensis f. molendensis (Vaupel) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 56. 1966 syn. sec. Tropicos Malacocarpus molendensis (Vaupel) Backeb. in Möller's Deutsche Gärtn.-Zeitung 46: 207. 1931, nom. nud.

Syn.#49.34.4= Islaya minor Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 258. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Parodia minor (Backeb.) Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 268. 1937 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria islayensis f. minor (Backeb.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 56. 1966 syn. sec. Tropicos Islaya islayensis var. minor (Backeb.) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1300. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.34.5= Islaya bicolor Akers & Buining in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1951: 45. 1951 syn. sec. Hunt (1999) Neoporteria bicolor (Akers & Buining) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 55. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.34.6= Islaya grandiflorens Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 33. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Neoporteria islayensis f. grandiflorens (Rauh & Backeb.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 56. 1966 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#49.34.7= Islaya paucispinosa Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 33. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.34.8= Islaya brevicylindrica Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 496. 1958 syn. sec. Tropicos Neoporteria islayensis f. brevicylindrica (Rauh & Backeb.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 56. 1966 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#49.34.9= Islaya copiapoides Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 495. 1958 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria islayensis var. copiapoides (Rauh & Backeb.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 56. 1966 syn. sec. Tropicos Islaya islayensis var. copiapoides (Rauh & Backeb.) F.Ritter syn. sec. Tropicos Islaya paucispina var. copiapoides F.Ritter syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#49.34.10= Islaya grandiflorens var. tenuispina Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 500. 1958 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#49.34.11= Islaya grandis var. brevispina Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 494. 1958 syn. sec. Tropicos Neoporteria islayensis f. brevispina (Rauh & Backeb.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 56. 1966 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#49.34.12= Islaya grandis var. neglecta A.Simo in Kakteen And. Sukk. 9: 103. 1958 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.34.13= Islaya paucispina Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 500. 1958 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#49.34.14= Islaya paucispina var. curvispina Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 502. 1958 syn. sec. Tropicos Neoporteria lindleyi f. curvispina (Rauh & Backeb.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 57. 1966 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#49.34.15= Islaya krainziana F.Ritter in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 31. 1963 syn. sec. Tropicos Neoporteria krainziana (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 57. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.34.16= Islaya copiapoides var. chalaensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1295. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.34.17= Islaya copiapoides var. pseudomollendensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1297. 1981 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#49.34.18= Islaya divaricatiflora F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1298. 1981 syn. sec. Tropicos Neoporteria islayensis var. divaricatiflora (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 56. 1966 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#49.34.19= Islaya flavida F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1298. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (1999)

Syn.#49.34.20= Islaya maritima F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1301. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.34.21= Islaya minuscula F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1303. 1981 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#49.34.22= Islaya unguispina F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1304. 1981 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#49.34.23= Islaya grandiflorens var. spinosior Rauh & Backeb. syn. sec. Tropicos Neoporteria islayensis f. spinosior (Rauh & Backeb.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 56. 1966 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#49.34.24= Islaya roseiflora Hoffm. syn. sec. Tropicos

Acc.#49.35.1 Eriosyce islayensis subsp. grandis (Rauh & Backeb.) G.J.Charles in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 11. 2003. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.35.1Islaya grandis Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 492. 1958 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Neoporteria islayensis var. grandis (Rauh & Backeb.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 56. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#49.36.1 Eriosyce islayensis subsp. islayensis. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#49.37.1 Eriosyce islayensis subsp. omasensis (Ostolaza & Mischler) G.J.Charles in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 21: 11. 2006. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.37.1Islaya omasensis Ostolaza & Mischler in Kakteen And. Sukk. 34(3): 57. 1983 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Neoporteria omasensis (Ostolaza & Mischler) Ferryman, Cacti Illustr. Dict.: 147. 1991, nom. illeg. syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Echinopsis omasensis (Ostolaza & Mischler) Ostolaza in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 6: 8. 1998 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Eriosyce omasensis (Ostolaza & Mischler) Ostolaza in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 6: 8. 1998 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#49.38.1 Eriosyce krausii (F.Ritter) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 119. 1994. Sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Syn.#49.38.1Chileorebutia krausii F.Ritter in Cactus (Paris) 63(Suppl.): 5. 1959 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021) Neochilenia krausii Backeb., Cactaceae 3: 1832. 1959 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021) Neoporteria reichei f. krausii (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 57. 1966 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021) Thelocephala kraussii (F.Ritter) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1017. 1980 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021) Eriosyce odieri subsp. krausii (F.Ritter) Ferryman in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 11. 2003 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021) Neoporteria odieri var. krausii (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 230. 1989, nom. inval. syn. sec. Guerrero (2021)

Syn.#49.38.2= Thelocephala longirapa F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1019. 1980 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021) Neoporteria odieri var. longirapa (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 230. 1989 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021)

Acc.#49.39.1 Eriosyce kunzei (C.F.Först.) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 117. 1994. Sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Syn.#49.39.1Echinocactus kunzei C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk.: 293. 1846 Neoporteria kunzei (C.F.Först.) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 260. 1936 ["1935"] Pyrrhocactus kunzei (C.F.Först.) Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 262. 1937 Chilenia kunzei (C.F.Först.) Backeb. in Beitr. Sukkulentenk. Sukkulentenpflege 1939: 82. 1939 Hildmannia kunzei (C.F.Först.) Kreuz. & Buining in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 50: 206. 1941 Neochilenia kunzei (C.F.Först.) Backeb. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 51: 50. 1942 Horridocactus kunzei (C.F.Först.) F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1959: 50. 1959 Neochilenia kunzei (C.F.Först.) Backeb. ex Dölz in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 51: 60. 1942 syn. sec. IPNI: 21 feb 2021

Syn.#49.39.2= Echinocactus neumannianus Cels ex Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 33. 1850 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Syn.#49.39.3= Pyrrhocactus confinis F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1961: 4. 1961 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Neochilenia confinis (F.Ritter) Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 9. 1963 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Neoporteria confinis (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 55. 1966 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Neoporteria kunzei var. confinis (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 204. 1989 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Eriosyce confinis (F.Ritter) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 118. 1994 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Acc.#49.40.1 Eriosyce limariensis (F.Ritter) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 118. 1994. Sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Syn.#49.40.1Pyrrhocactus limariensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 956. 1980 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021) Neoporteria horrida var. limariensis (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 190. 1989 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021) Neoporteria limariensis (F.Ritter) Ferryman, Cacti Illustr. Dict.: 144. 1991 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021) Eriosyce curvispina var. limariensis (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm. & Helmut Walter, Cact. Fl. Silv. Chile, ed. 2: 208. 2004 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021)

Acc.#49.41.1 Eriosyce litoralis (F.Ritter) P.C.Guerrero & Helmut Walter in Taxon 68(3): 568. 2020. Sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Syn.#49.41.1Neoporteria litoralis F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1959: 28. 1959 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Neoporteria subgibbosa f. litoralis (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 58. 1966 Neoporteria subgibbosa var. litoralis (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 168. 1989 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Eriosyce subgibbosa var. litoralis (F.Ritter) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 119. 1994 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#49.42.1 Eriosyce malleolata (F.Ritter) P.C.Guerrero & Helmut Walter in Taxon 68(3): 568. 2020. Sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Syn.#49.42.1Chileorebutia malleolata F.Ritter in Taxon 12: 123. 1963 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Neochilenia malleolata (F.Ritter) Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 9. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria reichei var. malleolata (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 57. 1966 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Neoporteria reichei f. malleolata (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 57. 1966 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Thelocephala malleolata (F.Ritter) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1020. 1980 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Neoporteria esmeraldana var. malleolata (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 222. 1989 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Neoporteria odieri var. malleolata (F.Ritter) Ferryman, Cacti Illustr. Dict.: 146. 1991 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Eriosyce odieri subsp. malleolata (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm. & Helmut Walter, Cact. Fl. Silv. Chile, ed. 2: 258. 2004 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Eriosyce odieri var. malleolata (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm. & Helmut Walter, Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile, ed. 2: 258. 2004 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#49.42.2= Chileorebutia malleolata var. solitaria F.Ritter in Taxon 12: 123. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neochilenia malleolata var. solitaria (F.Ritter) Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 9. 1963 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Neoporteria reichei f. solitaria (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 57. 1966 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Thelocephala malleolata var. solitaria (F.Ritter) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1020. 1980 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Syn.#49.42.3= Eriosyce odieri var. weisseri A.E.Hoffm. & Helmut Walter, Cact. Fl. Silv. Chile, ed. 2: 258. 2004 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Thelocephala weisseri (A.E.Hoffm. & Helmut Walter) Faúndez & Saldivia in Gayana, Bot. 68(2): 317. 2011 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Acc.#49.43.1 Eriosyce marksiana (F.Ritter) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 118. 1994. Sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Syn.#49.43.1Pyrrhocactus marksianus F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1960: 2. 1960 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021) Horridocactus marksianus (F.Ritter) Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3797. 1962 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021) Neoporteria marksiana (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 57. 1966 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021) Neoporteria curvispina var. marksiana (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 182. 1989 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021) Eriosyce curvispina subsp. marksiana (F.Ritter) Ferryman, Cact. Fl. Silv. Chile, ed. 2: 214. 2004 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021) Neoporteria marksianus (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 57. 1966 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021) [is misspelling for Neoporteria marksiana (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley]

Syn.#49.43.2= Pyrrhocactus lissocarpus var. gracilis F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1960: 17. 1960 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021) Horridocactus lissocarpus var. gracilis (F.Ritter) Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3797. 1962 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021) Neoporteria curvispina f. gracilis (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 56. 1966 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021) Eriosyce marksiana var. gracilis (F.Ritter) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 118. 1994 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021)

Syn.#49.43.3= Pyrrhocactus marksianus var. tunensis F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1960: 2. 1960 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021) Horridocactus marksianus var. tunensis (F.Ritter) Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3798. 1962 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021) Neoporteria marksiana var. tunensis (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 57. 1966 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021)

Acc.#49.44.1 Eriosyce marksiana var. lissocarpa (F.Ritter) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 118. 1994. Sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Syn.#49.44.1Pyrrhocactus lissocarpus F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1960: 17. 1960 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021) Horridocactus lissocarpus (F.Ritter) Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3796. 1962 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021) Neoporteria curvispina f. lissocarpa (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 56. 1966 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021) Eriosyce curvispina var. lissocarpa (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm. & Helmut Walter, Cact. Fl. Silv. Chile, ed. 2: 214. 2004 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021)

Acc.#49.45.1 Eriosyce marksiana var. marksiana

Acc.#49.46.1 Eriosyce megliolii (Rausch) Ferryman in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 20: 16. 2005. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.46.1Pyrrhocactus megliolii Rausch in Kakteen And. Sukk. 25(10): 220. 1974 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Neoporteria megliolii (Rausch) Donald in Ashingtonia 2(4): cppo [4]. 1976 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#49.47.1 Eriosyce napina (Phil.) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 118. 1994. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#49.47.1Echinocactus napinus Phil. in Anales Univ. Chile 41: 720. 1872 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Malacocarpus napinus (Phil.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 191, f. 201. 1922 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Notocactus napinus (Phil.) A.Berger, Kakteen: 214. 1929 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria napina (Phil.) Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1935(9): 4. 1935 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Chilenia napina (Phil.) Backeb. in Kakteenkunde 1939: 82. 1939 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Hildmannia napina (Phil.) Kreuz. & Buining in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 50: 207. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neochilenia napina (Phil.) Backeb. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 51: 50. 1942 syn. sec. Tropicos Thelocephala napina (Phil.) Y.Itô, Explan. Diagr. Austroechinocactinae: 149. 1957 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Chileorebutia napina (Phil.) F.Ritter in Cactus (Paris) 63(Suppl.): 5. 1959 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.47.2= Echinocactus mitis Phil. in Anales Univ. Chile 85: 493. 1894 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Hildmannia mitis (Phil.) Kreuz. & Buining in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 50: 207. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neochilenia napina var. mitis (Phil.) Backeb. ex Dölz in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 51: 50. 1942 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neochilenia mitis (Phil.) Backeb., Cactaceae 3: 1818. 1959 syn. sec. Tropicos Neoporteria napina var. mitis (Phil.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 57. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.47.3= Thelocephala roseiflora Y.Itô, Explan. Diagr. Austroechinocactinae: 292. 1957 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.47.4= Neochilenia imitans Backeb., Cactaceae 3: 1821. 1959 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria reichei f. imitans (Backeb.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 57. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.47.5= Neochilenia napina var. spinosior Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3773. 1962 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria napina f. spinosior (Backeb.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 57. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria napina var. spinosior Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1935(9): 4. 1935, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#49.48.1 Eriosyce napina subsp. lembckei Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 118. 1994. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#49.48.1Eriosyce napina var. lembckei Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 118. 1994 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Thelocephala lembckei (Katt.) Faúndez & Saldivia in Gayana, Bot. 68(2): 317. 2011 syn. sec. IPNI

Syn.#49.48.2= Neochilenia neoreichei Backeb., Cactaceae 3: 1825. 1959 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Reicheocactus neoreichei (Backeb.) Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3801. 1962 syn. sec. Hunt (1999) Neoporteria reichei f. neoreichei (Backeb.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 57. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neochilenia neoreichei Backeb. & Y.Itô in Itô, Cactaceae: 461. 1981 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.48.3Neochilenia lembckei Backeb., Cactaceae 3: 1822. 1959, nom. inval. syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Neoporteria reichei f. lembckei (Backeb.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 57. 1966, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Thelocephala lembckei (Backeb.) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1005. 1980, nom. inval. syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Neoporteria napina var. lembckei (Backeb.) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 224. 1989, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#49.49.1 Eriosyce napina subsp. napina. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#49.50.1 Eriosyce napina subsp. pajonalensis I.Schaub & Keim in Cactus & Co. 15(1): 47. 2011. Sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#49.51.1 Eriosyce nigrihorrida (Backeb. ex A.W.Hill) P.C.Guerrero & Helmut Walter in Taxon 68(3): 568. 2020. Sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Syn.#49.51.1Chilenia nigrihorrida Backeb. ex A.W.Hill, Index Kew. Suppl. 9: 62. 1939 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Neoporteria nigrihorrida Backeb. ex A.W.Hill in Kakteenkunde 1939: 81. 1939 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Eriosyce subgibbosa var. nigrihorrida (Backeb. ex A.W.Hill) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 119. 1994 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Eriosyce subgibbosa subsp. nigrihorrida (Backeb. ex A.W.Hill) Katt. in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 12: 14. 2001 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Acc.#49.52.1 Eriosyce occulta Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 119. 1994. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.52.2= Pyrrhocactus philippianus Faúndez in Darwiniana 45: 237. 2007 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#49.53.1 Eriosyce odieri (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 118. 1994. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.53.1Echinocactus odieri Lem. ex Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 174. 1850 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Frailea odieri (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Speg. in Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 99: 131. 1925 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria odieri (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 261. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Chilenia odieri (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Backeb. in Kakteenkunde 1939: 82. 1939 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Hildmannia odieri (Lem. ex Salm-Dyck) Kreuz. & Buining in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 50: 207. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neochilenia odieri (Lem.) Backeb. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 51: 50. 1942 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Chileorebutia odieri (Salm-Dyck) F.Ritter in Cactus 63: 5. 1959 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Thelocephala odieri (Salm-Dyck) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1012. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.53.2= Echinocactus araneifer Lem. ex Labour., Monogr. Cact.: 248. 1853 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria odieri var. araneifera (Lem. ex Labour.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 57. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.53.3= Echinocactus odieri var. magnificus Hildm. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 5: 184. 1895 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#49.53.4= Echinocactus odierianus Monv., Dict. Hort.: 470. 1896 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#49.53.5= Echinocactus odieri var. mebbesii Hildm. ex K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 413. 1898 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus odieri f. mebbesii (Hildm. ex K.Schum.) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 188. 1907 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#49.53.6= Echinocactus reichei K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt., Nachtr. 1: 110. 1903 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Malacocarpus reichei (K.Schum.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 191, f. 202. 1922 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Notocactus reichei A.Berger, Kakteen: 214. 1929 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria reichii (K.Schum.) Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1935(9): 3, genus 65, sp. 3. 1935 syn. sec. Tropicos Chilenia reichii (K.Schum.) Backeb. in Kakteenkunde 1939: 82. 1939 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Hildmannia reichei (K.Schum.) Kreuz. & Buining in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 50: 207. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neochilenia reichei (K.Schum.) Backeb. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 51: 50. 1942 syn. sec. Tropicos Neotanahashia reichei (K.Schum.) Y.Itô, Explan. Diagr. Austroechinocactinae: 114. 1957 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Chileorebutia reichei (K.Schum.) F.Ritter in Cactus 63: 5. 1959 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Thelocephala reichei (K.Schum.) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1023. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.53.7= Neochilenia pseudoreichei Lembcke & Backeb. in Backeberg, Cactaceae 3: t. 159. 1959 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria reichei f. pseudoreichei (Lembcke & Backeb.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 57. 1966 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.53.8= Neochilenia atra Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 9. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.53.9= Neochilenia monte-amargensis Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 9. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria monteamargensis (Backeb.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 57. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria odieri var. monte-amargensis (Backeb.) Ferryman, Cacti Illustr. Dict.: 146. 1991 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Eriosyce odieri var. monte-amargensis Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 118. 1994 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Thelocephala monte-amarguensis (Katt.) Faúndez & Saldivia in Gayana, Bot. 68(2): 317. 2011 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#49.54.1 Eriosyce paucicostata (F.Ritter) Ferryman in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 11. 2003. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#49.54.1Horridocactus paucicostatus F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1959: 113. 1959 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Pyrrhocactus paucicostatus (F.Ritter) F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1959: 131. 1959 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Neochilenia paucicostata (F.Ritter) Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3780. 1962 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria paucicostata (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 57. 1966 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Eriosyce taltalensis subsp. paucicostata (F.Ritter) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 119. 1994 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.54.2= Echinocactus fuscus Muehlenpf. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 16: 10. 1848 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria fusca (Muehlenpf.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 99, f. 106. 1922 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Nichelia fusca (Muehlenpf.) Bullock in Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938: 298. 1938 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Chilenia fusca (Muehlenpf.) Backeb. in Kakteenkunde 1939: 82. 1939 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Hildmannia fusca (Muehlenpf.) Kreuz. & Buining in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 50: 206. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neochilenia fusca (Muehlenpf.) Backeb. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 23: 88. 1951 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Pyrrhocactus fuscus (Muehlenpf.) F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1959: 131. 1959 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.54.3= Echinocactus ebenacanthus Monv. ex Labour., Monogr. Cact.: 253. 1853 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria ebenacantha (Monv. ex Labour.) Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 213. 1937 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Chilenia ebenacantha (Monv. ex Labour.) Backeb. in Kakteenkunde 1939: 82. 1939 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Hildmannia ebenacantha (Monv. ex Labour.) Kreuz. & Buining in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 50: 206. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neochilenia ebenacantha (Monv. ex Labour.) Backeb. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 23: 88. 1951 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.54.4= Echinocactus ebenacanthus var. minor Labour., Monogr. Cact.: 254. 1853 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria ebenacantha var. minor (Labour.) Oehme in Kakteen And. Sukk. 1: 184. 1937 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neochilenia hankeana var. minor (Labour.) Backeb., Cactaceae 3: 1809. 1959 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria hankeana var. minor (Labour.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 56. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.54.5= Echinocactus hankeanus C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 471. 1885 syn. sec. IPNI Neochilenia hankeana (C.F.Först.) Dölz in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 51: 50. 1942 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria hankeana (C.F.Först.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 56. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.54.6= Horridocactus paucicostatus var. viridis F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1959: 113. 1959 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Pyrrhocactus paucicostatus var. viridis (F.Ritter) F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1959: 131. 1959 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neochilenia paucicostata var. viridis (F.Ritter) Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3780. 1962 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.54.7= Neochilenia hankeana var. taltalensis Backeb., Cactaceae 3: 1809. 1959 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria hankeana var. taltalensis (Backeb.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 56. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.54.8= Pyrrhocactus neohankeanus var. densispinus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 960. 1980 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.54.9= Pyrrhocactus neohankeanus var. elongatus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 960. 1980 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.54.10= Pyrrhocactus neohankeanus var. flaviflorus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 960. 1980 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#49.55.1 Eriosyce paucicostata subsp. echinus (F.Ritter) Ferryman, Cact. Fl. Silv. Chile, ed. 2: 232. 2004. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#49.55.1Pyrrhocactus echinus F.Ritter in Taxon 12: 33. 1963 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Horridocactus echinus (F.Ritter) Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 7. 1963 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Neoporteria curvispina var. echinus (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 55. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria paucicostata var. echinus (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 208. 1989 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria echinus (F.Ritter) Ferryman, Cacti Illustr. Dict.: 142. 1991 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Eriosyce taltalensis subsp. echinus (F.Ritter) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 119. 1994 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Eriosyce taltalensis var. echinus (F.Ritter) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 119. 1994 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Horridocactus paucicostatus subsp. echinus (F.Ritter) Guiggi in Cactology 3: 8. 2012 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.55.2= Pyrrhocactus echinus var. minor F.Ritter in Taxon 12: 33. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Horridocactus echinus var. minor (F.Ritter) Backeb., Kakteenlex.: 190. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria curvispina f. minor (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 55. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Pyrrhocactus floccosus var. minor (F.Ritter) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 939. 1980 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#49.56.1 Eriosyce paucicostata subsp. floccosa (F.Ritter) Ferryman in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 11. 2003. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#49.56.1Pyrrhocactus floccosus F.Ritter in Taxon 12: 32. 1963 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Neochilenia floccosa (F.Ritter) Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 9. 1963 syn. sec. Tropicos Neoporteria paucicostata var. floccosa (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 208. 1989 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria echinus var. floccosa (F.Ritter) Ferryman, Cacti Illustr. Dict.: 242. 1991 syn. sec. Tropicos Neoporteria floccosa (F.Ritter) Lodé in Repert. Pl. Succ. 43: 15. 1992 syn. sec. Tropicos Eriosyce taltalensis var. floccosa (F.Ritter) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 119. 1994 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Horridocactus paucicostatus subsp. floccosus (F.Ritter) Guiggi in Cactology 3: 8. 2012 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Acc.#49.57.1 Eriosyce paucicostata subsp. paucicostata. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#49.58.1 Eriosyce recondita (F.Ritter) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 117. 1994. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#49.58.1Pyrrhocactus reconditus F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1962: 27. 1962 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Neochilenia recondita (F.Ritter) Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 10. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria recondita (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 57. 1966 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.58.2= Pyrrhocactus aricensis F.Ritter in Taxon 12: 32. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neochilenia aricensis (F.Ritter) Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 9. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria aricensis (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 55. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.58.3= Pyrrhocactus residuus F.Ritter & Buining in Taxon 12: 33. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neochilenia residua (F.Ritter & Buining) Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 10. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria residua (F.Ritter & Buining) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 57. 1966 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Neoporteria recondita var. residua (F.Ritter & Buining) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 212. 1989 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.58.4= Pyrrhocactus saxifragus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 970. 1980 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria aricensis var. saxifraga (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 176. 1989 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.58.5= Pyrrhocactus vexatus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 981. 1980 syn. sec. Tropicos Neoporteria recondita var. vexata (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 212. 1989 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#49.59.1 Eriosyce riparia (Mächler & Helmut Walter) P.C.Guerrero & Helmut Walter in Taxon 68(3): 568. 2020. Sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Syn.#49.59.1Eriosyce napina subsp. riparia Mächler & Helmut Walter in Cact. World 24: 142. 2006 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Eriosyce napina var. riparia (Mächler & Helmut Walter) Romulski in Kaktusy Inne 4: 131. 2007 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Thelocephala riparia (Mächler & Helmut Walter) Faúndez & Saldivia in Gayana, Bot. 68(2): 317. 2011 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Acc.#49.60.1 Eriosyce rodentiophila F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 916. 1980. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.60.2= Eriosyce megacarpa F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 917. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Rodentiophila megacarpa F.Ritter & Y.Itô in Itô, Cactaceae: 429. 1981 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.60.3= Eriosyce rodentiophila var. lanata F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 917. 1980 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#49.60.4= Rodentiophila atacamensis F.Ritter & Y.Itô in Itô, Cactaceae: 429. 1981, nom. illeg. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#49.61.1 Eriosyce senilis (Backeb.) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 119. 1994. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#49.61.1Neoporteria senilis (Phil.) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 262. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Echinocactus senilis Phil. in Gartenflora 35: 485, tab. 1230 A. 1886, nom. illeg. syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Neoporteria nidus f. senilis (Backeb.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 57. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Eriosyce senilis subsp. senilis syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.61.2= Neoporteria gerocephala Y.Itô, Explan. Diagr. Austroechinocactinae: 211. 1957 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria nidus var. gerocephala (Y.Itô) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1039. 1980 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.61.3= Neoporteria multicolor F.Ritter in Taxon 12: 33. 1963 syn. sec. Tropicos Neoporteria nidus var. multicolor (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 164. 1989 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.61.4= Neoporteria nidus var. matancillana F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1039. 1980 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.61.5Chilenia thiebautiana Backeb., 10 Jahre Kakteenforschung: 20. 1937, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#49.62.1 Eriosyce simulans (F.Ritter) Katt. in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 12: 14. 2001. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.62.1Pyrrhocactus simulans F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1961: 35. 1961 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Neochilenia simulans (F.Ritter) Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 10. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria simulans (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 58. 1966 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Eriosyce heinrichiana subsp. simulans (F.Ritter) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 118. 1994

Acc.#49.63.1 Eriosyce sociabilis (F.Ritter) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 119. 1994. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.63.1Neoporteria sociabilis F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1963: 3. 1963 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Neoporteria sociabilis var. sociabilis

Syn.#49.63.2= Neoporteria sociabilis var. napina F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1963: 3. 1963 syn. sec. Tropicos

Acc.#49.64.1 Eriosyce spectabilis Katt., Helmut Walter & J.C.Acosta in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 83: 198. 2011. Sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Acc.#49.65.1 Eriosyce spinosior (F.Ritter) P.C.Guerrero & Helmut Walter in Taxon 68(3): 567. 2020. Sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Syn.#49.65.1Pyrrhocactus jussieui var. spinosior F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 952. 1980 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Syn.#49.65.2= Echinocactus jussieui Monv. in Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., 1849: 170. 1850 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Echinocactus jussieui Monv. ex Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 34. 1850 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Neoporteria jussieui (Monv.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 96–97, f. 107. 1922 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Nichelia jussieui (Monv.) Bullock in Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938: 297. 1938 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Chilenia jussieui (Monv. ex Salm-Dyck) Backeb. in Kakteenkunde 1939: 82. 1939 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Neochilenia jussieui (Monv.) Backeb. in Cactaceae (Berlin) 1941(2): 76. 1942 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Pyrrhocactus jussieui (Monv.) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 951. 1980 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Nichelia juasieui (Monville) Bullock in Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1938: 297. 1938 syn. sec. TPL (2013) [is misspelling for Nichelia jussieui (Monv.) Bullock]

Syn.#49.65.3= Echinocactus fobeanus Mieckley in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 17: 187. 1907 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Neoporteria fobeana (Mieckley) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 259. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Chilenia fobeana (Mieckley) Backeb. in Kakteenkunde 1939: 82. 1939 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Hildmannia fobeana (Mieckley) Kreuz. & Buining in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 50: 206. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neochilenia fobeana (Mieckley) Backeb. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 51: 50. 1942 syn. sec. Tropicos Neoporteria jussieui var. fobeana (Mickley) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 57. 1966 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Syn.#49.65.4= Pyrrhocactus dimorphus F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1962: 3. 1962 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Neochilenia dimorpha (F.Ritter) Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 9. 1963 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Neoporteria dimorpha (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 56. 1966 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Neoporteria jussieui var. dimorpha (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 200. 1989 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Syn.#49.65.5= Pyrrhocactus setosiflorus F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1962: 70. 1962 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Pyrrhocactus setosiflorus Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3745. 1962 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Neochilenia setosiflora (F.Ritter) Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 10. 1963 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Neoporteria setosiflora (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 58. 1966 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Neoporteria jussieui var. setosiflora (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 200. 1989 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Eriosyce setosiflora (F.Ritter) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 118. 1994 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#49.65.6= Pyrrhocactus setosiflorus var. intermedius F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1962: 70. 1962 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Neochilenia setosiflora var. intermedia (F.Ritter) Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 10. 1963 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Neoporteria setosiflora var. intermedia (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 58. 1966 Eriosyce heinrichiana subsp. intermedia (F.Ritter) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 118. 1994 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) Eriosyce heinrichiana var. intermedia (F.Ritter) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 118. 1994 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Eriosyce heinrichiana var. setosiflora (F.Ritter) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 118. 1994 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Syn.#49.65.7= Pyrrhocactus jussieui var. australis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 952. 1980 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Syn.#49.65.8Neoporteria juasieui Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 96. 1922 syn. sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b) [is misspelling for Neoporteria jussieui (Monv.) Britton & Rose]

Acc.#49.66.1 Eriosyce strausiana (K.Schum.) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 117. 1994. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#49.66.1Echinocactus strausianus K.Schum. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 11: 112. 1901 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Malacocarpus strausianus (K.Schum.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 201. 1922 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Pyrrhocactus strausianus (K.Schum.) A.Berger, Kakteen: 345. 1929 syn. sec. Hunt (1999) Neoporteria strausiana (K.Schum.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 58. 1966 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#49.66.2= Cereus catamarcensis F.A.C.Weber, Dict. Hort.: 471. 1896 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920) Echinopsis catamarcensis F.A.C.Weber, Dict. Hort. 1: 471. 1896 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Pyrrhocactus catamarcensis (F.A.C.Weber) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 262. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Neoporteria catamarcensis (F.A.C.Weber) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 55. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.66.3= Echinocactus catamarcensis Speg. in Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, ser. 3, 4: 500. 1905 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922) Malacocarpus catamarcensis (Speg.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 197, f. 212. 1922 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.66.4= Echinocactus sanjuanensis Speg. in Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, ser. 3, 4: 501. 1905 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Malacocarpus sanjuanensis Speg. in Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 99: 128. 1925 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Pyrrhocactus sanjuanensis (Speg.) Backeb., Cactaceae 3: 1573. 1959 syn. sec. Tropicos Neoporteria sanjuanensis (Speg.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 57. 1966 syn. sec. Tropicos Pyrrhocactus strausianus var. sanjuanensis (Speg.) J.G.Lamb. in Succulenta (Netherlands) 74: 36. 1995 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.66.5= Pyrrhocactus vollianus Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 31. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Hunt (1999) Neoporteria volliana (Backeb.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 58. 1966 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#49.66.6= Pyrrhocactus vollianus var. breviaristatus Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 31. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria volliana var. breviaristata (Backeb.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 58. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.66.7= Neochilenia andreaeana Backeb. in Kakteen And. Sukk. 10: 38. 1959 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Pyrrhocactus andreaeanus (Backeb.) F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1959: 131. 1959 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria andreaeana (Backeb.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 55. 1966, nom. illeg. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Acanthocalycium andreaeanum (Backeb.) Donald in Ashingtonia 1: 125. 1975 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#49.66.8= Pyrrhocactus atrospinosus Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 13. 1963 syn. sec. Hunt (1999)

Syn.#49.66.9= Pyrrhocactus setiflorus Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 13. 1963 syn. sec. Hunt (1999) Neoporteria setiflora (Backeb.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 58. 1966 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#49.66.10= Neoporteria backebergii Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 55. 1966 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.66.11= Pyrrhocactus platyacanthus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 420. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (1999)

Syn.#49.66.12= Eriosyce andreaeana Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 117. 1994 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.66.13= Pyrrhocactus kattermannii R.Kiesling in Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 74: 1246. 1999 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.66.14= Eriosyce multicolorispina Janeba & Slaba in Kaktusy (Brno) 36(3): 69. 2000 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.66.15= Eriosyce strausiana subsp. bisii Halda, Kupčák & Sladk. in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 9: 57. 2002 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.66.16= Pyrrhocactus estherae Damsma in Succulenta (Netherlands) 93: 62. 2014 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#49.67.1 Eriosyce strausiana subsp. pachacoensis (Rausch) Ferryman in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 11. 2003. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.67.1Pyrrhocactus pachacoensis Rausch in Kakteen And. Sukk. 26(4): 73, f. 1975 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Eriosyce strausiana var. pachacoensis (Rausch) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 117. 1994 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#49.68.1 Eriosyce strausiana subsp. strausiana. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#49.69.1 Eriosyce subgibbosa (Haw.) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 119. 1994. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#49.69.1Echinocactus subgibbosus Haw. in Philos. Mag. Ann. Chem. 10: 419. 1831 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Neoporteria subgibbosa (Haw.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 97–98. 1922 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Chilenia subgibbosa (Haw.) Backeb., KaktusABC: 301. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Euporteria subgibbosa (Haw.) Kreuz. & Buining in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 50: 201. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.69.2= Cactus berteroi Colla in Mem. Reale Accad. Sci. Torino 37: 77. 1834 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus berteroi (Colla) Gay, Fl. Chil. 3: 15. 1848 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cumulopuntia berteroi (Colla) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 885. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Opuntia berteroi (Colla) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 244. 1989 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.69.3= Mammillaria gibbosa Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck.: 343. 1834 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Cactus gibbosus (Salm-Dyck) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#49.69.4= Echinocactus acutissimus Otto & A.Dietr. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 3: 353. 1835 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Chilenia acutissima (Otto & A.Dietr.) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 300. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Tropicos Neoporteria acutissima (Otto & A.Dietr.) Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 214. 1937 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.69.5= Cereus dichroacanthus Mart. ex Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 76. 1837 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#49.69.6= Cereus foveolatus J.N.Haage ex Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 77. 1837 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus exsculptus var. foveolatus (J.N.Haage ex Pfeiff.) Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1844: 18. 1845 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus foveolatus (J.N.Haage ex Pfeiff.) Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 33. 1850 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.69.7= Cereus montevidensis Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 65. 1837 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus montevidensis C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk.: 292. 1846 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.69.8= Echinocactus crenatus Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 181. 1837 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.69.9= Echinocactus exsculptus Otto ex Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 65. 1837 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria exsculpta (Otto ex Pfieiff.) Borg, Cacti, ed. 2: 270. 1951 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.69.10= Echinocactus guyannensis Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 181. 1837 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.69.11= Echinocactus gayanus Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 22. 1839 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.69.12= Echinocactus thrincogonos Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 22. 1839 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.69.13= Echinocactus thrincogonus var. elatior Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 23. 1839 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.69.14= Mammillaria floribunda Hook. in Curtis's Bot. Mag. 65: pl. 3647. 1839 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922) Cactus floribundus (Hook.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 259. 1891 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.69.15= Cereus hoffmannseggii C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk.: 292. 1846 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.69.16= Echinocactus exsculptus var. elatior C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk.: 293. 1846 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#49.69.17= Echinocactus exsculptus var. fulvispinus C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk.: 292. 1846 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#49.69.18= Echinocactus exsculptus var. tenuispinus C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk.: 291. 1846 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#49.69.19= Echinocactus exsculptus var. thrincogonus C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk.: 293. 1846 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#49.69.20= Echinocactus valparaiso C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk.: 292. 1846 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.69.21= Echinocactus castaneoides Cels ex Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 165. 1850 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Chilenia castaneoides (Cels ex Salm-Dyck) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 300. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Tropicos Neoporteria castaneoides (Cels) Werderm. in Kakteenkunde & Kakteenfr. 1938: 64. 1938 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Euporteria castaneoides (Cels) Kreuz. & Buining in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 50: 201. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria subgibbosa f. castaneoides (Cels ex Salm-Dyck) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 58. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.69.22= Echinocactus rostratus Jacobi in Allg. Gartenzeitung 24: 108. 1856 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Chilenia rostrata (Jacobi) Backeb. in Kakteenkunde 1939: 82. 1939 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Hildmannia rostrata (Jacobi) Kreuz. & Buining in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 50: 206. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neochilenia rostrata (Jacobi) Backeb. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 23: 117. 1951 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.69.23= ?Echinocactus acutissimus var. cristatus C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 567. 1885 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#49.69.24= Echinocactus exsculptus var. cristatus C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 566. 1885 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#49.69.25= Echinocactus hoffmannseggii K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 426. 1898 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#49.69.26= Chilenia heteracantha Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 300. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Euporteria heteracantha (Backeb.) Kreuz. & Buining in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 50: 202. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria heteracantha (Backeb.) W.T.Marshall, Cact. Ill. Keys: 143. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria subgibbosa f. heteracantha (Backeb.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 58. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.69.27= Chilenia subcylindrica Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 301. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Euporteria subcylindrica (Backeb.) Kreuz. & Buining in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 50: 202. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria subcylindrica (Backeb.) Backeb. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 23: 119. 1951 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Neoporteria subgibbosa f. subcylindrica (Backeb.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 58. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.69.28= Euporteria acutissima (Otto & A.Dietr.) Kreuz. & Buining in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 50: 201. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.69.29= Euporteria nigrihorrida (Backeb.) Kreuz. & Buining in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 50: 202. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria subgibbosa var. nigrihorrida (Backeb.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 58. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria clavata var. nigrihorrida (Backeb.) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 160. 1989, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Eriosyce clavata subsp. nigrihorrida (Backeb. ex A.W.Hill) Helmut Walter in Bradleya 26: 92. 2008, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.69.30= Neoporteria nigrihorrida var. minor Backeb. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 23: 118. 1951 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.69.31= Neoporteria microsperma F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1963: 6. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria subgibbosa f. microsperma (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 58. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria wagenknechtii var. microsperma (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 174. 1989 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.69.32= Neoporteria litoralis var. intermedia F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 45: 130. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria subgibbosa var. intermedia (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 168. 1989 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.69.33= Neoporteria subgibbosa var. orientalis F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 45: 131. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.69.34= Neoporteria microsperma var. graciana F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1036. 1980 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.69.35Neoporteria subgibbosa f. serenana (F.Ritter & Y.Itô) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 58. 1966, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria microsperma var. serenana F.Ritter & Y.Itô in Itô, Cactaceae: 421. 1981, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.69.36Neoporteria litoralis var. robustispina Y.Itô, Cactaceae: 422. 1981, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.69.37Neoporteria subgibbosa var. chionacantha Y.Itô, Cactaceae: 418. 1981, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#49.70.1 Eriosyce taltalensis (Hutchison) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 119. 1994. Sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Syn.#49.70.1Neoporteria taltalensis Hutchison in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 27: 181, f. 167. 1955 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Neochilenia taltalensis (Hutchison) Backeb., Cactaceae 3: 1812. 1959 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Pyrrhocactus taltalensis (Hutchison) F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1959: 131. 1959 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#49.70.2= Neochilenia eriocephala Backeb., Cactaceae 3: 1830. 1959 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria eriocephala (Backeb.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 56. 1966 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.70.3= Neochilenia neofusca Backeb., Cactaceae 3: 1810. 1959 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.70.4= Pyrrhocactus gracilis F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1961: 129. 1961 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neochilenia gracilis (F.Ritter) Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 9. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria calderana f. gracilis (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 55. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria intermedia f. gracilis (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 194. 1989 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.70.5= Delaetia woutersiana Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3788. 1962 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria woutersiana (Backeb.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 58. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Pyrrhocactus neohankeanus f. woutersianus (Backeb.) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 960. 1980, nom. inval.

Syn.#49.70.6= Pyrrhocactus scoparius F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1962: 51. 1962 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neochilenia scoparia (F.Ritter) Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 10. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria scoparia (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 58. 1966 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Neoporteria intermedia var. scoparia (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 194. 1989, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.70.7= Pyrrhocactus glaucescens F.Ritter in Taxon 12: 33. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neochilenia glaucescens (F.Ritter) Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 9. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria eriocephala var. glaucescens (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 56. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria paucicostata var. glaucescens (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 208. 1989 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neochilenia napina var. glaucescens (F.Ritter) Y.Itô, Cactaceae: 460. 1981, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.70.8= Pyrrhocactus intermedius F.Ritter in Taxon 12: 32. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neochilenia intermedia (F.Ritter) Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 9. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria intermedia (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 56. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.70.9= Pyrrhocactus rupicola F.Ritter in Taxon 12: 32. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neochilenia rupicola (F.Ritter) Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 10. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria rupicola (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 57. 1966 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.70.10= Pyrrhocactus neohankeanus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 959. 1980 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria paucicostata var. neohankeana (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 208. 1989 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria neohankeana (F.Ritter) Ferryman, Cacti Illustr. Dict.: 145. 1991 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#49.70.11= Pyrrhocactus pulchellus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 965. 1980 syn. sec. Tropicos Neoporteria pulchella (F.Ritter) Ferryman, Cacti Illustr. Dict.: 147. 1991 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Neoporteria intermedia var. pulchella (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 194. 1989, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.70.12= Pyrrhocactus tenuis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 976. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (1999)

Syn.#49.70.13= Pyrrhocactus transiens F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 977. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (1999) Neoporteria taltalensis var. transiens (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 216. 1989 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#49.71.1 Eriosyce taltalensis subsp. pygmaea (F.Ritter) Ferryman, Cact. Fl. Silv. Chile, ed. 2: 240. 2004. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.71.1Pyrrhocactus pygmaeus F.Ritter in Taxon 12: 32. 1963 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Neochilenia pygmaea (F.Ritter) Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 9. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria pilispina f. pygmaea (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 57. 1966 Neoporteria intermedia f. pygmaea (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 194. 1989 Eriosyce taltalensis var. pygmaea (F.Ritter) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 119. 1994 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Eriosyce pygmaea (F.Ritter) Ferryman in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 11. 2003 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#49.72.1 Eriosyce taltalensis subsp. taltalensis. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#49.73.1 Eriosyce tenebrica (F.Ritter) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 119. 1994. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.73.1Thelocephala tenebrica F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1001. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Eriosyce napina subsp. tenebrica (F.Ritter) Ferryman in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 11. 2003 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Eriosyce napina var. tenebrica (F.Ritter) Romulski in Kaktusy Inne 4: 131. 2007 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#49.74.1 Eriosyce umadeave (Frič ex Werderm.) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 117. 1994. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.74.1Echinocactus umadeave Frič ex Werderm. in Monatsschr. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 3: 223. 1931 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Friesia umadeave Frič ex Kreuz. in Möller's Deutsche Gärtn.-Zeitung 44: 253. 1929 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Pyrrhocactus umadeave (Frič ex Werderm.) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 264. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Neoporteria umadeave (Frič ex Werderm.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 58. 1966 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Acc.#49.75.1 Eriosyce vallenarensis (F.Ritter) Katt. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 90: 141. 2018. Sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Syn.#49.75.1Neoporteria vallenarensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1032. 1980 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021) Pyrrhocactus vallenarensis F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1959: 157. 1959 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021) Horridocactus vallenarensis (F.Ritter) Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3798. 1962 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021) Neoporteria curvispina var. vallenarensis (F.Ritter) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 56. 1966 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021) Neoporteria wagenknechtii var. vallenarensis (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 174. 1989 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021) Eriosyce subgibbosa var. vallenarensis (F.Ritter) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 119. 1994 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021) Eriosyce subgibbosa subsp. vallenarensis (F.Ritter) Katt. in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 12: 14. 2001 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021)

Acc.#49.76.1 Eriosyce villicumensis (Rausch) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 117. 1994. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.76.1Pyrrhocactus villicumensis Rausch in Kakteen And. Sukk. 25(12): 268. 1974 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Neoporteria villicumensis (Rausch) Donald in Ashingtonia 2(1): cppo [4]. 1976 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#49.76.2= Pyrrhocactus melanacanthus Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 13. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria melanacantha (Backeb.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 57. 1966 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#49.76.3= Pyrrhocactus vertongenii J.G.Lamb. in Succulenta (Netherlands) 74: 271. 1995 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Eriosyce vertongenii (J.G.Lamb.) D.R.Hunt in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 25. 1997 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#49.77.1 Eriosyce villosa (Monv.) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 119. 1994. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#49.77.1Cactus villosus Monv. in Hort. Universel 1: 223. 1839 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Echinocactus villosus (Monv.) Labour., Monogr. Cact.: 239. 1853 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Neoporteria villosa (Monv.) A.Berger, Kakteen: 201. 1929 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Bridgesia villosa (Monv.) Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1935(12): 2. 1935 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Chileniopsis villosa (Monv.) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 284. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Euporteria villosa (Monv.) Kreuz. & Buining in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 50: 201. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.77.2= Echinocactus polyraphis Pfeiff. in Förster, Handb. Cacteenk.: 297. 1846 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922) Echinocactus polyraphis Pfeiff. ex Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 33. 1850 syn. sec. Tropicos Neoporteria polyraphis (Pfeiff. ex Salm-Dyck) Backeb. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 23: 118. 1951 syn. sec. Tropicos Bridgesia polyraphis (Pfeiff. ex SalmDyck) Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1935(12): 2. 1935 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Chileniopsis polyrhaphis (Pfieiff. ex Salm-Dyck) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 284. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria villosa var. polyraphis (Pfeiff. ex Salm-Dyck) Borg syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#49.77.3= Echinocactus villosus var. niger A.Berger, Kakteen: 201. 1929 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Chileniopsis villosa var. nigra (A.Berger) Y.Itô, Cacti, ed. 2: 81. 1952 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.77.4= Chilenia atrispinosa Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1938(3): 1. 1938 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Neoporteria atrispinosa (Backeb.) Backeb. in Kakteenkunde 1939: 81. 1939 syn. sec. Hunt (1999) Euporteria atrispinosa (Backeb.) Kreuz. & Buining in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 50: 202. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria villosa var. atrispinosa (Backeb.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 58. 1966, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.77.5= Chilenia cephalophora Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1938(3): 2. 1938 syn. sec. Tropicos Neoporteria cephalophora (Backeb.) Backeb. in Kakteenkunde 1939: 81. 1939 syn. sec. Hunt (1999) Euporteria cephalophora (Backeb.) Kreuz. & Buining in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 50: 202. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria villosa var. cephalophora (Backeb.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 58. 1966, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#49.77.6= Neoporteria laniceps F.Ritter in Taxon 12(1): 34. 1963 [as "planiceps"]Neoporteria villosa var. laniceps (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 172. 1989 [as "planiceps"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria planiceps F.Ritter in Taxon 12(1): 34. 1963 syn. sec. TPL (2013) [is orthographic variant for Neoporteria laniceps F.Ritter] Neoporteria villosa var. planiceps (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm. [is orthographic variant for Neoporteria villosa var. laniceps (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm.]

Acc.#49.78.1 Eriosyce wagenknechtii (F.Ritter) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 119. 1994. Sec. Guerrero & al. (2019b)

Syn.#49.78.1Neoporteria wagenknechtii F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1963: 5. 1963 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021) Eriosyce subgibbosa var. wagenknechtii (F.Ritter) Katt., Eriosyce (Cactac.) Gen. Revis. Ampl.: 119. 1994 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021) Eriosyce subgibbosa subsp. wagenknechtii Katt. in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 12: 14. 2001 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021)

Syn.#49.78.2= Neoporteria wagenknechtii var. napina F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1963: 5. 1963 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021)

Acc.#50. Escobaria Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 53. 1923. Sec. Hunt (2006) Type: Escobaria tuberculosa (Engelm.) Britton & Rose

Syn.#50.g1= Neobesseya Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 51. 1923 syn. sec. Hunt (2006). Type: Neobesseya missouriensis (Sweet) Britton & Rose

Syn.#50.0.3= Fobea Frič ex Boed. in Kakteenkunde 1933: 155. 1933 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#50.0.4= Escobesseya Hester in Desert Pl. Life 17: 23. 1945 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#50.0.5= Cochiseia W.H.Earle in Saguaroland Bull. 30: 65. 1976 syn. sec. Hunt (2006). Type: Cochiseia robbinsorum W.H.Earle

Syn.#50.0.6= Escocoryphantha Doweld in Sukkulenty 1(2): 10. 1999 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Notes. – See notes under Mammillaria. [Hernández-Ledesma & al. (2015)]

Acc.#50.1.1 Escobaria abdita Řepka & Vaško in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 83(6): 265. 2012. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#50.1.1Neobesseya abdita (Řepka & Vaško) Lodé in Cact.-Avent. Int. 98(Suppl.): 6. 2013 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#50.1.2= Escobaria abdita subsp. tenuispina Perez Badillo, Delladdio & Raya Sanchez in Piante Grasse 36(4): 9. 2016 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#50.2.1 Escobaria alversonii (J.M.Coult.) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 10. 1997. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#50.2.1Cactus radiosus var. alversonii J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3(2): 122. 1894 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Mammillaria alversonii (J.M.Coult.) Zeiss. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 5: 70. 1895 syn. sec. Tropicos Mammillaria radiosa var. alversonii (J.M.Coult.) K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 481. 1898 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Coryphantha alversonii (J.M.Coult.) Orcutt in Cactography 3. 1926 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mammillaria vivipara var. alversonii (J.M.Coult.) L.D.Benson, Cacti Ariz., ed. 2: 118. 1950 syn. sec. Tropicos Coryphantha vivipara var. alversonii (J.M.Coult.) L.D.Benson, Cacti Ariz., ed. 3: 26. 1969 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Escobaria vivipara var. alversonii (J.M.Coult.) D.R.Hunt in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 40: 13. 1978 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mammillaria arizonica var. alversonii (J.M.Coult.) Davidson & Moxley syn. sec. Tropicos

Acc.#50.3.1 Escobaria chihuahuensis Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 55. 1923. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#50.3.1Coryphantha chihuahuensis (Britton & Rose) A.Berger, Kakteen: 339. 1929 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Escocoryphantha chihuahuensis (Britton & Rose) Doweld in Sukkulenty 2: 10. 1999 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#50.3.2= Mammillaria strobiliformis Scheer ex Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 104-105. 1850 syn. sec. IPNI Cactus strobiliformis (Sheer) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#50.3.3= Echinocactus strobiliformis Poselg. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 21: 107. 1853 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Coryphantha strobiliformis (Poselg.) Moran in Gentes Herbarum 8: 318. 1953 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#50.3.4= Mammillaria tuberculata Engelm., Syn. Cact. U.S.: 12. 1856 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Cactus tuberculosus (Engelm.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#50.3.5= Mammillaria strobiliformis var. caespititia Quehl in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 19: 173. 1909 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mammillaria strobiliformis f. caespititia (Quehl) Schelle, Kakteen: 285. 1926 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#50.4.1 Escobaria chihuahuensis subsp. chihuahuensis. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#50.5.1 Escobaria chihuahuensis subsp. henricksonii (Glass & R.A.Foster) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 5: 13. 1998. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#50.5.1Escobaria henricksonii Glass & R.A.Foster in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 49(4): 195–196. 1977 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Coryphantha henricksonii (Glass & R.A.Foster) Glass & R.A.Foster in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 51: 125. 1979 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Escocoryphantha henricksonii (Glass & R.A.Foster) Doweld in Sukkulenty 2(2): 10. 1999 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#50.6.1 Escobaria cubensis (Britton & Rose) D.R.Hunt in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 40(1): 13. 1978. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#50.6.1Coryphantha cubensis Britton & Rose in Torreya 12: 15. 1912 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Neobesseya cubensis (Britton & Rose) Hester in Desert Pl. Life 13: 192. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#50.7.1 Escobaria dasyacantha (Engelm.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 55. 1923. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#50.7.1Mammillaria dasyacantha Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 268-269. 1856 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Cactus dasyacanthus (Engelm.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 259. 1891 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Coryphantha dasyacantha (Engelm.) Orcutt, Circular to Cactus Fanciers, p.i: 1. 1922 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Escobesseya dasyacantha (Engelm.) Hester in Desert Pl. Life 17: 25. 1945 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neobesseya dasyacantha (Engelm.) Lodé in Cact.-Avent. Int. 98(Suppl.): 6. 2013 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#50.7.2= Mammillaria chlorantha Engelm. in Rep. U.S. Geogr. Surv., Wheeler 6: 127. 1878 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Cactus radiosus var. chloranthus (Engelm.) J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 121. 1894 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mammillaria radiosa f. chlorantha (Engelm.) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 235. 1907 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Coryphantha chlorantha (Engelm.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 43. 1923 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mammillaria vivipara var. chlorantha (Engelm.) L.D.Benson, Cacti Ariz., ed. 2: 117. 1950 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Escobaria chlorantha (Engelm.) Buxb. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 98: 78. 1951 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#50.7.3= Coryphantha vivipara var. kaibabensis P.C.Fisch. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 51: 287. 1979 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Escobaria vivipara var. kaibabensis (P.C.Fisch.) N.P.Taylor in Kakteen And. Sukk. 34: 139. 1983 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#50.7.4= Coryphantha vivipara var. buoflama P.C.Fisch. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 52: 28. 1980 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Escobaria vivipara var. buoflama (P.C.Fisch.) N.P.Taylor in Kakteen And. Sukk. 34: 140. 1983

Acc.#50.8.1 Escobaria dasyacantha subsp. chaffeyi (Britton & Rose) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 5: 13. 1998. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#50.8.1Escobaria chaffeyi Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 56. 1923 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Coryphantha chaffeyi (Britton & Rose) Fosberg in Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 30: 58. 1931 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mammillaria chaffeyi (Britton & Rose) Backeb., Neue Kakteen: 16. 1931 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Escobaria dasyacantha var. chaffeyi (Britton & Rose) N.P.Taylor in Kakteen And. Sukk. 34: 157. 1983 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Neobesseya dasyacantha subsp. chaffeyi (Britton & Rose) Lodé in Cact.-Avent. Int. 98(Suppl.): 6. 2013 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#50.8.2= Escobaria fobei Frič ex A.Berger, Kakteen: 280. 1929 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#50.9.1 Escobaria dasyacantha subsp. dasyacantha. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#50.10.1 Escobaria duncanii (Hester) Buxb. in Krainz, Kakteen 14: CVIIIc. 1960. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#50.10.1Escobesseya duncanii Hester in Desert Pl. Life 13: 192. 1941 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Escobaria duncanii (Hester) Backeb., Cactaceae 5: 2966. 1961 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Coryphantha duncanii (Hester) L.D.Benson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 41: 189. 1969 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Escobaria dasyacantha var. duncanii (Hester) N.P.Taylor in Kakteen And. Sukk. 34: 157. 1983 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Neobesseya duncanii (Hester) Lodé in Cact.-Avent. Int. 98(Suppl.): 6. 2013 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Acc.#50.11.1 Escobaria emskoetteriana (Quehl) Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 304. 1937. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#50.11.1Mammillaria emskoetteriana Quehl in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 20: 139. 1910 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Coryphantha emskoetteriana (Quehl) A.Berger, Kakteen: 339. 1929 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neobesseya emskoetteriana (Quehl) Lodé in Cact.-Avent. Int. 98(Suppl.): 6. 2013 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#50.11.2= Escobaria bella Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 56. 1923 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Coryphantha bella (Britton & Rose) Fosberg in Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 30: 58. 1931 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#50.11.3= Escobaria runyonii Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 55. 1923 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#50.11.4= Coryphantha muehlbaueriana Boed. in Monatsschr. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 1: 241. 1929 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Escobaria muehlbaueriana (Boed.) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 380. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Neobesseya muehlbaueriana Boed., Mammill.-Vergl.-Schluessel: 15. 1933 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#50.11.5= Coryphantha robertii A.Berger, Kakteen: 280. 1929

Syn.#50.11.6= Mammillaria escobaria Cory in Rhodora 38: 405. 1936 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#50.12.1 Escobaria hesteri (Y.Wright) Buxb. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 98: 78. 1951. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#50.12.1Coryphantha hesteri Y.Wright in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 4(5): 274. 1932 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#50.13.1 Escobaria hesteri subsp. grata (Kaplan, Kunte & Snicer) Lüthy & Dicht in Cact. World 25: 175. 2007. Sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#50.13.1Escobaria grata Kaplan, Kunte & Snicer in Kaktusy (Brno) 37(2): 37. 2001 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#50.14.1 Escobaria hesteri subsp. hesteri

Acc.#50.15.1 Escobaria laredoi (Glass & R.A.Foster) N.P.Taylor in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 41: 20. 1979. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#50.15.1Coryphantha laredoi Glass & R.A.Foster in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 50: 235. 1978 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#50.16.1 Escobaria lloydii Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 57. 1923. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#50.16.1Coryphantha lloydii (Britton & Rose) Fosberg in Bull. S. Calif. Acad. Sci. 30: 58. 1931 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neobesseya lloydii (Britton & Rose) Lodé in Cact.-Avent. Int. 98(Suppl.): 7. 2013 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#50.17.1 Escobaria minima (Baird) D.R.Hunt in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 40: 30. 1978. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#50.17.1Coryphantha minima Baird in Amer. Bot. (Binghamton) 37: 150–151. 1931 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Neobesseya minima (Baird) Lodé in Cact.-Avent. Int. 98(Suppl.): 7. 2013 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#50.17.2= Coryphantha nellieae Croizat in Torreya 34: 15. 1934 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Mammillaria nellieae (Croizat) Croizat in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 14: 34. 1942 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Escobaria nellieae (Croizat) Backeb., Cactaceae 5: 2967. 1961 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#50.18.1 Escobaria missouriensis (Sweet) D.R.Hunt in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 40: 13. 1978. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#50.18.1Mammillaria missouriensis Sweet, Hort. Brit.: 171. 1826 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Cactus missouriensis (Sweet) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 259. 1891 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Mammillaria missouriensis Sweet ex K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 498. 1898 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Coryphantha missouriensis (Sweet) Britton & Rose, Ill. Fl. N. U.S., ed. 2, 2: 570. 1913 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neobesseya missouriensis (Sweet) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 53. 1923 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Neomammillaria missouriensis (Sweet) Britton & Rose ex Rydb., Fl. Plains N. Amer.: 561. 1932 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#50.18.2= Cactus mammillaris Nutt. in Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 1: 295. 1818 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1923)

Syn.#50.18.3= Mammillaria similis Engelm. in Boston J. Nat. Hist. 5(2): 246. 1845 syn. sec. Tropicos Echinocactus similis (Engelm.) Poselg. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 21: 107. 1853 syn. sec. Tropicos Cactus similis (Engelm.) Small, Fl. S.E. U.S.: 812. 1903 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Coryphantha similis (Engelm.) Britton & Rose, Ill. Fl. N. U.S., ed. 2: 571. 1913 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neobesseya similis (Engelm.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 52. 1923 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Escobaria missouriensis var. similis (Engelm.) N.P.Taylor in Kakteen And. Sukk. 34: 184. 1983 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cactus missouriensis var. similis (Engelm.) J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 111. 1894 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Neobesseya missouriensis subsp. similis (Engelm.) Doweld in Sukkulenty 3: 37. 2000 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#50.18.4= Mammillaria nuttallii Engelm. in Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts n.s., 4: 49. 1849 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#50.18.5= Mammillaria similis var. caespitosa Engelm. in Boston J. Nat. Hist. 6(2): 200. 1850 syn. sec. Tropicos Coryphantha missouriensis var. caespitosa (Engelm.) L.D.Benson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 41: 189. 1969 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mammillaria nuttallii var. caespitosa Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 265. 1856 syn. sec. Tropicos Mammillaria missouriensis var. caespitosa (Engelm.) S.Watson in Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 258: 403. 1878 syn. sec. Tropicos Escobaria missouriensis var. caespitosa (Engelm.) D.R.Hunt in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 40: 13. 1978 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#50.18.6= Mammillaria similis var. robustior Engelm. in Boston J. Nat. Hist. 6: 200. 1850 syn. sec. Tropicos Mammillaria nuttallii var. robustior (Engelm.) Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow in Pacif. Railr. Rep. 4: 28. 1856 syn. sec. Tropicos Mammillaria missouriensis var. robustior (Engelm.) S.Watson, Bibl. Index N. Amer. Bot.: 440. 1878 syn. sec. Tropicos Cactus missouriensis var. robustior (Engelm.) J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 111. 1894 Coryphantha missouriensis var. robustior (Engelm.) L.D.Benson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 41: 190. 1969 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Escobaria missouriensis var. robustior (Engelm.) D.R.Hunt in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 40: 13. 1978 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#50.18.7= Mammillaria nuttallii var. borealis Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 264. 1856 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#50.18.8= Coryphantha nuttallii Engelm. ex C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 407. 1885 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mammillaria missouriensis var. nuttallii (Engelm.) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 241. 1907 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neobesseya nuttallii Boed., Mammill.-Vergl.-Schluessel: 15. 1933 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neobesseya nuttallii (Engelm.) Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 303. 1937 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#50.18.9= Mammillaria notesteinii Britton in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 18(12): 367. 1891 syn. sec. Tropicos Cactus notesteinii (Britton) Rydb. in Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 1: 272. 1900 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neobesseya notesteinii (Britton) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 53. 1923 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#50.18.10= Mammillaria wissmannii Hildm. ex K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 498. 1898 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neobesseya wissmannii (Hildm. ex K.Schum.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 52. 1923 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Coryphantha wissmannii (Hildm. ex K.Schum.) A.Berger, Kakteen: 278. 1929 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#50.18.11= Coryphantha marstonii Clover in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 65: 412. 1938 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Coryphantha missouriensis var. marstonii (Clover) L.D.Benson, Cacti Ariz., ed. 3: 26. 1969 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Escobaria missouriensis var. marstonii (Clover) D.R.Hunt in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 40: 13. 1978 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#50.19.1 Escobaria missouriensis subsp. asperispina (Boed.) N.P.Taylor in Kakteen And. Sukk. 34(8): 184. 1983. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#50.19.1Coryphantha asperispina Boed. in Monatsschr. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 1: 192. 1929 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Neobesseya asperispina (Boed.) Boed., Mammill.-Vergl.-Schluessel: 14. 1933 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neobesseya asperispina (Boed.) Boed. ex Backeb. & F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 379. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Escobaria asperispina (Boed.) D.R.Hunt in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 40: 13. 1978 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Escobaria missouriensis var. asperispina (Boed.) N.P.Taylor in Kakteen And. Sukk. 34: 185. 1983 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Neobesseya missouriensis subsp. asperispina (Boed.) Lodé in Cact.-Avent. Int. 100: 30. 2013 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Acc.#50.20.1 Escobaria missouriensis subsp. missouriensis. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#50.20.2= Escobaria missouriensis subsp. navajoensis Hochstätter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 75: 257. 1996 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#50.21.1 Escobaria robbinsorum (W.H.Earle) D.R.Hunt in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 40(1): 13. 1978. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#50.21.1Cochiseia robbinsorum W.H.Earle in Saguaroland Bull. 30(6): 65. 1976 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Coryphantha robbinsorum (W.H.Earle) A.D.Zimmerman in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 50: 294. 1978 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neobesseya robbinsorum (W.H.Earle) Doweld in Sukkulenty 3(1-2): 37. 2000

Acc.#50.22.1 Escobaria sneedii Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 56. 1923. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#50.22.1Coryphantha sneedii (Britton & Rose) A.Berger, Kakteen: 280. 1929 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mammillaria sneedii (Britton & Rose) Cory in Rhodora 38(455): 407. 1936 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#50.22.2= Escobaria albicolumnaria Hester, Desert Pl. Life 13: 129. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Coryphantha albicolumnaria (Hester) Zimmerman in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 44: 157. 1972 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Escobaria sneedii subsp. albicolumnaria (Hester) Lüthy in Kakteen And. Sukk. 50: 278. 1999 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Coryphantha sneedii var. albicolumnaria (Hester) A.D.Zimmerman, Cacti Trans-Pecos: 424. 2004 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#50.22.3= Escobaria guadalupensis S.Brack & K.D.Heil in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 58: 165. 1986 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Coryphantha sneedii var. guadalupensis (S.Brack & K.D.Heil) A.D.Zimmerman, Cacti Trans-Pecos: 420. 2004 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#50.23.1 Escobaria sneedii subsp. orcuttii (Boed.) Lüthy in Kakteen And. Sukk. 50: 278. 1999. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#50.23.1Escobaria orcuttii Boed., Mammillarien-Vergleichs-Schluessel: 17. 1933 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Coryphantha sneedii var. orcuttii (Boed.) Gorelick in J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 9: 28. 2015 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Escobaria sneedii var. orcuttii (Boed.) Gorelick in J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 9: 28. 2015, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#50.23.2= Neolloydia orcuttii Rose ex Orcutt in Deutsche Gärt.-Zeitung: 142. 1926 syn. sec. Tropicos Coryphantha strobiliformis var. orcuttii (Rose ex Orcutt) L.D.Benson, Cacti Ariz., ed. 3: 156. 1969 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Coryphantha orcuttii (Rose ex Orcutt) Zimmerman in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 44: 156. 1972 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#50.23.3= Coryphantha organensis Zimmerman in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 44: 114. 1972 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Escobaria organensis (Zimmerman) Castetter, P.Pierce & K.H.Schwer. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 47: 60. 1975 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Escobaria sneedii subsp. organensis (Zimmerman) Lüthy in Kakteen And. Sukk. 50: 278. 1999 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#50.23.4= Escobaria orcuttii var. koenigii Castetter, P.Pierce & K.H.Schwer. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 47: 68. 1975 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#50.23.5= Escobaria orcuttii var. macraxina Castetter, P.Pierce & K.H.Schwer. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 47: 66. 1975 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#50.23.6= Escobaria sandbergii Castetter, P.Pierce & K.H.Schwer. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 47: 62. 1975 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Escobaria sneedii subsp. sandbergii (Castetter, P.Pierce & K.H.Schwer.) Lüthy in Kakteen And. Sukk. 50: 278. 1999 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#50.23.7= Escobaria villardii Castetter, P.Pierce & K.H.Schwer. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 47: 64. 1975 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Escobaria sneedii subsp. villardii (Castetter, P.Pierce & K.H.Schwer.) Lüthy in Kakteen And. Sukk. 50: 278. 1999 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#50.24.1 Escobaria sneedii subsp. sneedii. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#50.24.2= Escobaria leei Rose ex Boed., Mammillarien-Vergleichs-Schluessel: 17. 1933 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Coryphantha sneedii var. leei (Rose) L.D.Benson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 41: 189. 1969 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Escobaria sneedii var. leei (Rose ex Boed.) D.R.Hunt in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 40: 30. 1978 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Escobaria sneedii subsp. leei (Rose ex Boed.) D.R.Hunt in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 4: 5. 1997 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#50.25.1 Escobaria tuberculosa (Engelm.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 54. 1923. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#50.25.1Mammillaria tuberculosa Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 268. 1856 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Coryphantha tuberculosa (Engelm.) Orcutt, Circular to Cactus Fanciers, p.i: i. 1922 Coryphantha tuberculosa (Engelm.) A.Berger, Kakteen: 280. 1929 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Escobaria tuberculosa subsp. tuberculosa

Syn.#50.25.2= Mammillaria strobiliformis Engelm. in Mem. Tour N. Mexico: 113. 1848 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#50.25.3= Mammillaria strobiliformis var. durispina Quehl in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 17: 87. 1907 syn. sec. Tropicos Mammillaria strobiliformis f. durispina (Quehl) Schelle, Kakteen: 285. 1926 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Escobaria tuberculosa var. durispina (Quehl) Børgesen in Borg, Cacti: 304. 1937 syn. sec. Tropicos Coryphantha strobiliformis var. durispina (Quehl) L.D.Benson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 41: 189. 1969 Escobaria strobiliformis var. durispina (Quehl) Bravo in Cact. Suc. Mex. 27: 17. 1982 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#50.25.4= Mammillaria strobiliformis var. pubescens Quehl in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 17: 87. 1907 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mammillaria strobiliformis f. pubescens (Quehl) Schelle, Kakteen: 285. 1926 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Escobaria tuberculosa var. pubescens (Quehl) Y.Itô, Cacti, ed. 2: 113. 1952 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#50.25.5= Mammillaria strobiliformis var. rufispina Quehl in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 17: 87. 1907 syn. sec. Tropicos Mammillaria strobiliformis f. rufispina (Quehl) Schelle, Kakteen: 285. 1926

Syn.#50.25.6= Coryphantha varicolor Tiegel in Monatsschr. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 3: 278. 1932 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Coryphantha dasyacantha var. varicolor (Tiegel) L.D.Benson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 41: 189. 1969 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Escobaria dasyacantha var. varicolor (Tiegel) D.R.Hunt in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 40: 13. 1978 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Escobaria tuberculosa var. varicolor (Tiegel) S.Brack & K.D.Heil in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 60: 17. 1988 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Escobaria tuberculosa subsp. varicolor (Tiegel) Lüthy in Kakteen And. Sukk. 50: 257. 1999 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Coryphantha tuberculosa var. varicolor (Tiegel) A.D.Zimmerman, Cacti Trans-Pecos: 436. 2004 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Escobaria varicolor Tiegel syn. sec. TPL (2013)

Syn.#50.25.7= Fobea viridiflora Frič ex Boed. in Kakteenkunde 1933: 155. 1933 syn. sec. IPNI Escobaria chaffeyi f. viridiflora (Frič) Říha in Kaktusy (Brno) 22(2): 25. 1986 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#50.25.8= Escobaria strobiliformis subsp. sisperai Halda & Sladk. in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 7: 35. 2000 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#50.26.1 Escobaria vivipara (Nutt.) Buxb. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 98: 78. 1951. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#50.26.1Cactus viviparus Nutt., Cat. Pl. Upper Louisiana: no. 22. 1813 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Mammillaria vivipara (Nutt.) Haw., Suppl. Pl. Succ.: 72. 1819 syn. sec. Tropicos Mammillaria radiosa var. vivipara (Nutt.) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 236. 1907 syn. sec. Tropicos Coryphantha vivipara (Nutt.) Britton & Rose, Ill. Fl. N. U.S., ed. 2: 571. 1913 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Coryphantha neovivipara Y.Itô, Cactaceae: 556. 1981, comb. inval. syn. sec. Hunt (2006) [is replaced synonym for

Acc.#50.27.1 Cactus viviparus Nutt.]

Syn.#50.27.2= Mammillaria aggregata Engelm., Emory, Mil. Reconn.: 157. 1848 Coryphantha aggregata (Engelm.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 47. 1923 Mammillaria vivipara var. aggregata (Engelm.) L.D.Benson in Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4, 25: 262. 1944 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Escobaria aggregata (Engelm.) Buxb. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 98: 78. 1951 Coryphantha vivipara var. aggregata (Engelm.) W.T.Marshall in Desert. Bot. Gard. Arizona, Sci. Bull. 1: 93. 1950 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mammillaria aggregata Engelm. ex S.Watson in Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 15: 398. 1878, nom. inval. Coryphantha neovivipara var. aggregata (Engelm.) Y.Itô, Cactaceae: 556. 1981, nom. inval.

Syn.#50.27.3= Mammillaria radiosa Engelm. in Boston J. Nat. Hist. 6(2): 196–197. 1850 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Neomammillaria radiosa (Engelm.) Rydb. in Fl. Plains N. Amer.: 562. 1932 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Coryphantha vivipara var. radiosa (Engelm.) Backeb., Cactaceae 5: 2998. 1961 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Escobaria vivipara var. radiosa (Engelm.) D.R.Hunt in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 40: 13. 1978 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Escobaria radiosa (Engelm.) G.Frank syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Mammillaria vivipara var. radiosa Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 269. 1856 syn. sec. Tropicos Mammillaria vivipara subsp. radiosa Engelm., Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. Cact.: 15. 1858 syn. sec. Tropicos Coryphantha radiosa (Engelm.) Rydb., Fl. Rocky Mts.: 581. 1917 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Coryphantha neovivipara var. radiosa (Engelm.) Y.Itô, Cactaceae: 556. 1981, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#50.27.4= Echinocactus radiosus Poselg. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 21: 107. 1853 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#50.27.5= Echinocactus viviparus Poselg. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 21: 107. 1853 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#50.27.6= Mammillaria vivipara subvar. neomexicana Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 269. 1856 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Cactus radiosus var. neomexicanus (Engelm.) J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 120. 1894 syn. sec. Tropicos Cactus neomexicanus (Engelm.) Small, Fl. S.E. U.S.: 812. 1903 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Coryphantha neomexicana (Engelm.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 45. 1923 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Escobaria neomexicana (Engelm.) Buxb. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 98: 78. 1951 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Coryphantha vivipara var. neomexicana (Engelm.) Backeb., Cactaceae 5: 2999. 1961 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Escobaria vivipara var. neomexicana (Engelm.) Buxb. in Krainz, Kakteen 50-51: CVIIIc. 1972 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Coryphantha neovivipara var. neomexicana (Engelm.) Y.Itô, Cactaceae: 556. 1981, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#50.27.7= Mammillaria vivipara var. vera Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 269. 1856 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#50.27.8= Mammillaria arizonica Engelm., Bot. California 1: 244. 1876 syn. sec. Tropicos Cactus radiosus var. arizonicus (Engelm.) J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 121. 1894 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mammillaria radiosa var. arizonica (Engelm.) K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 481. 1898 syn. sec. Tropicos Mammillaria radiosa f. arizonica (Engelm.) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 235. 1907 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Coryphantha arizonica (Engelm.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 45. 1923 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mammillaria vivipara var. arizonica (Engelm.) L.D.Benson in Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4, 25: 263. 1944 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Escobaria arizonica (Engelm.) Buxb. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 98: 78. 1951 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Escobaria vivipara var. arizonica (Engelm.) D.R.Hunt in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 40: 13. 1978 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Coryphantha vivipara var. arizonica (Engelm.) W.T.Marshall in Desert. Bot. Gard. Arizona, Sci. Bull. 1: 94. 1950 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Coryphantha neovivipara var. arizonica (Engelm.) Y.Itô, Cactaceae: 556. 1981, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#50.27.9= Mammillaria deserti Engelm., Bot. California 2: 449. 1880 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Cactus radiosus var. deserti (Engelm.) J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 121. 1894 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Mammillaria radiosa var. deserti (Engelm.) K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 481. 1898 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Mammillaria radiosa f. deserti (Engelm.) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 236. 1907 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Coryphantha deserti (Engelm.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 46. 1923 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Mammillaria vivipara var. deserti (Engelm.) L.D.Benson in Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4, 25: 263. 1944 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Coryphantha vivipara var. deserti (Engelm.) W.T.Marshall in Desert. Bot. Gard. Arizona, Sci. Bull. 1: 94. 1950 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Escobaria deserti (Engelm.) Buxb. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 98: 78. 1951 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Coryphantha chlorantha var. deserti (Engelm.) Backeb., Cactaceae 5: 3003. 1961 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Escobaria vivipara var. deserti (Engelm.) D.R.Hunt in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 40: 13. 1978 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#50.27.10= Cactus radiosus J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 120. 1894 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#50.27.11= Mammillaria hirschtiana F.Haage in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 6: 127. 1896 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#50.27.12= Mammillaria radiosa var. texensis Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 236. 1907 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#50.27.13= Mammillaria neomexicana A.Nelson, New Man. Bot. Centr. Rocky Mt.: 327. 1909 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#50.27.14= Coryphantha bisbeeana Orcutt in Cactography 3. 1926 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Escobaria bisbeeana (Orcutt) Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 305. 1937 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Escobaria vivipara var. bisbeeana (Orcutt) D.R.Hunt in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 40: 13. 1978 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Coryphantha vivipara var. bisbeeana (Orcutt) L.D.Benson, Cacti Ariz., ed. 3: 25. 1969 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#50.27.15= Coryphantha columnaris Lahman in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 6: 27. 1934 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#50.27.16= Coryphantha fragrans Hester, Desert Pl. Life 13: 152. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#50.27.17= Coryphantha rosea Clokey in Madroño 7: 75. 1943 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Escobaria vivipara var. rosea (Clokey) D.R.Hunt in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 40: 13. 1978 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Coryphantha vivipara var. rosea (Clokey) L.D.Benson, Cacti Ariz., ed. 3: 26. 1969 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#50.27.18= Coryphantha oklahomensis Lahman in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 21: 165. 1949 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Escobaria oklahomensis (Lahman) Buxb. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 98: 78. 1951 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#50.27.19= Coryphantha alversonii var. exaltissima Wiegand & Backeb. in Backeberg, Cactaceae 5: 3001. 1961 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#50.27.20= Coryphantha vivipara f. sonorensis P.C.Fisch. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 52: 191. 1980 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Acc.#50.28.1 Escobaria zilziana (Boed.) Backeb., Cactaceae 5: 2957. 1961. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#50.28.1Coryphantha zilziana Boed. in Monatsschr. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 2: 233. 1930 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Neobesseya zilziana (Boed.) Boed., Mammill.-Vergl.-Schluessel: 14. 1933 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neobesseya zilziana (Boed.) Boed. ex Backeb. & F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 379. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#50.28.2= Escobaria zilziana subsp. fricii Halda & Sladk. in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 7: 35. 2000 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#51. Escontria Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 10: 125. 1906. Sec. Hernández & Gómez-Hinostrosa (2011) Type: Escontria chiotilla (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.) Rose

Notes. – Phylogenetics: Monotypic, endemic to southern Mexico. Sampled by Arias & al. 2005, Bárcenas & al. 2011 and Hernández-Hernández & al. 2011. The latter two studies show E. chiotilla resolved together with Stenocereus species, while Arias & al. found E. chiotilla in a polytomy with Polaskia chichipe, Myrtillocactus and Stenocereus, but not nested in any other genus. So, maintaining Escontria as a separate genus may be justified, but generic limits within that clade need further evaluation. [Korotkova & al. (2021)]

Acc.#51.1.1 Escontria chiotilla (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.) Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 10: 126, pl. 43. 1906. Sec. Hernández & Gómez-Hinostrosa (2011)

Syn.#51.1.1Cereus chiotilla F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 83. 1897 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Myrtillocactus chiotilla (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.) P.V.Heath in Calyx 2(3): 105. 1992 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#51.1.2= Myrtillocactus chiotilla f. spiralis P.V.Heath in Calyx 2: 105. 1992 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#52. Espostoa Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 60. 1920. Sec. Hunt (2006) Type: Espostoa lanata (Kunth) Britton & Rose

Syn.#52.g1= Binghamia Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 167. 1920 syn. sec. Hunt (2006). Type: Binghamia melanostele (Vaupel) Britton & Rose

Syn.#52.0.3= Pseudoespostoa Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1934(10): 1, gen. 104. 1934 syn. sec. Hunt (2006). Type: Pseudoespostoa melanostele (Vaupel) Backeb.

Syn.#52.0.4= Thrixanthocereus Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1937(8): Nachtr. 15. 1937 syn. sec. Hunt (2006). Type: Thrixanthocereus blossfeldiorum (Werderm.) Backeb.

Acc.#52.1.1 Espostoa blossfeldiorum (Werderm.) Buxb. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 106: 155. 1959. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#52.1.1Cephalocereus blossfeldiorum Werderm. in Kakteenkunde 1937: 4. 1937 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Cereus blossfeldiorum (Werderm.) Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1937(7): 8. 1937 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Thrixanthocereus blossfeldiorum (Werderm.) Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1938(1): 2, gen. 98a, sp. 2. 1938 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Facheiroa blossfeldiorum (Werderm.) W.T.Marshall in Marshall & Bock, Cactaceae: 102. 1941 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#52.2.1 Espostoa calva F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1432. 1981. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#52.3.1 Espostoa cremnophila Hoxey in Bradleya 32: 38. 2014. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#52.4.1 Espostoa frutescens Madsen, Fl. Ecuador 35: 36. 1989. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#52.4.1Espostoa lanata subsp. frutescens (Madsen) Guiggi in Cactology 5 (Suppl. II): 5. 2016 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Acc.#52.5.1 Espostoa hylaea F.Ritter in Taxon 13(4): 143. 1964. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#52.6.1 Espostoa lanata (Kunth) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 61–63, f. 87–91. 1920. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#52.6.1Cactus lanatus Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 6: 68. 1823 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Cereus lanatus (Kunth) DC., Prodr. 3: 464. 1828 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Pilocereus lanatus (Kunth) F.A.C.Weber, Dict. Hort.: 965. 1898 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920) Cleistocactus lanatus (Kunth) F.A.C.Weber in Roland-Gosselin, Cleistocactus: 9. 1904 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Oreocereus lanatus (Kunth) Britton & Rose, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 4: 2404. 1916 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#52.6.2= Pilocereus dautwitzii F.Haage ex Anon. in Gard. Chron. 1873: 7. 1873 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Cereus dautwitzii (F.Haage ex Anon.) Orcutt in W. Amer. Sci. 13: 63. 1902 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Cephalocereus dautwitzii (F.Haage ex Anon.) Houghton, Cactus: 113. 1930 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Espostoa dautwitzii (F.Haage ex Anon.) Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 112. 1937 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#52.6.3= Pilocereus lanatus var. haagei Jostmann in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 21: 25. 1911 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#52.6.4= Cereus sericatus Backeb. in Monatsschr. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 3: 157. 1931 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Cereus lanatus subsp. sericatus (Backeb.) Werderm. in Backeberg, Neue Kakteen: 71. 1931 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Espostoa sericata (Backeb.) Backeb. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 3: 131. 1932 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Espostoa lanata var. sericata (Backeb.) Backeb., Cactaceae 4: 2529. 1960 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#52.6.5= Espostoa dautwitzii Backeb. in Möller's Deutsche Gärtn.-Zeitung 46: 187, 207. 1931 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#52.6.6= Espostoa laticornua var. atroviolacea Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 35. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#52.6.7= Espostoa laticornua var. rubens Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 35. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#52.6.8= Espostoa lanata subsp. roseiflora Madsen & Z.Aguirre in Nordic J. Bot. 23: 24. 2004 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Espostoa lanata f. roseiflora (Madsen & Z.Aguirre) Guiggi in Cactology 5 (Suppl. II): 5. 2016 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#52.7.1 Espostoa lanata subsp. huanucoensis (H.Johnson ex F.Ritter) G.J.Charles in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 14: 15. 2002. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#52.7.1Espostoa huanucoensis H.Johnson ex F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1435. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#52.8.1 Espostoa lanata subsp. lanata. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#52.8.2= Espostoa laticornua Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 35. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#52.8.3= Espostoa procera Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 35. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#52.8.4= Espostoa ritteri Buining in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1960: 25. 1960 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#52.9.1 Espostoa lanata subsp. lanianuligera (F.Ritter) G.J.Charles in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 14: 15. 2002. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#52.9.1Espostoa lanianuligera F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1443. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#52.10.1 Espostoa lanata subsp. ruficeps (F.Ritter) G.J.Charles in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 14: 15. 2002. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#52.10.1Espostoa ruficeps F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1448. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#52.11.1 Espostoa melanostele (Vaupel) Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 112. 1937. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#52.11.1Cephalocereus melanostele Vaupel in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50(2-3, Beibl. 111): 12–13. 1913 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Binghamia melanostele (Vaupel) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 167. 1920 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Cereus melanostele (Vaupel) A.Berger, Kakteen: 147, 338. 1929 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Cereus melanostele (Vaupel) Werderm. in Backeberg, Neue Kakteen: 72. 1931 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Pseudoespostoa melanostele (Vaupel) Backeb. in Kakteen-Freund 1: 52. 1933 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Echinopsis melanostele (Vaupel) Molinari in Succulentopi@ 13: 19. 2015 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Haageocereus melanostele (Vaupel) W.T.Marshall syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#52.11.2= Pilocereus haagei Poselg. ex Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2, 2(16): 665. 1886 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Espostoa haagei (Poselg. ex Rümpler) Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 112. 1937 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Espostoa haagei (Poselg. ex Rümpler) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1433. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#52.11.3= Pseudoespostoa melanostele var. inermis Backeb. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 23: 149. 1951 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Espostoa melanostele f. inermis (Backeb.) Krainz, Kakteen 26: C Va. 1964 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#52.12.1 Espostoa melanostele subsp. melanostele. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#52.13.1 Espostoa melanostele subsp. nana (F.Ritter) G.J.Charles in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 14: 15. 2002. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#52.13.1Espostoa nana F.Ritter in Taxon 13(4): 143. 1964 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Pseudoespostoa nana (F.Ritter) Backeb., Kakteenlex.: 371. 1966 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#52.14.1 Espostoa mirabilis F.Ritter in Taxon 13(4): 143. 1964. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#52.14.2= Espostoa mirabilis var. primigena F.Ritter in Taxon 13: 143. 1964 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#52.15.1 Espostoa senilis (F.Ritter) N.P.Taylor in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 40(2): 54. 1978. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#52.15.1Thrixanthocereus senilis F.Ritter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 12: 89. 1961 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#52.15.2= Thrixanthocereus cullmannianus F.Ritter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 12: 118. 1961 syn. sec. Hunt (1999)

Syn.#52.15.3= Thrixanthocereus longispinus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1484. 1981 syn. sec. Anderson (2005)

Acc.#52.16.1 Espostoa superba F.Ritter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 6: 85–86. 1960. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#52.17.1 Espostoa utcubambensis G.J.Charles in Brit. Cact. Succ. J. 21(2): 69–74, f. 1–10. 2003. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#52.17.1Espostoa calva subsp. utcubambensis (G.J.Charles) Guiggi in Cactology 5 (Suppl. II): 1. 2016 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#53. Espostoopsis Buxb. in Krainz, Kakteen: 38-39, C Va. 1968. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Type: Espostoopsis dybowskii (Rol.-Goss.) Buxb.

Syn.#53.g1= Gerocephalus F.Ritter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 19: 156. 1968 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Notes. – Monotypic genus, endemic to the caatinga of Bahia, SE Brazil. Hernández-Hernández & al. 2011 found E. dybowskii within an unsupported Trichocereeae clade, as sister to Rauhocereus (no support), while Schlumpberger & Renner 2012 found E. dybowskii as sister to Micranthocereus densiflorus with 78% MLBS support. Espostoopsis is therefore not closely related to the Andean genus Espostoa, a relationship that had been suggested earlier based on the strong morphological similarities of the two genera. [Korotkova & al. (2021)]

Acc.#53.1.1 Espostoopsis dybowskii (Rol.-Goss.) Buxb. in Krainz, Kakteen 39: CVa. 1968. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#53.1.1Cereus dybowskii Rol.-Goss. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 55: 695. 1908 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Cephalocereus dybowskii (Rol.-Goss.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 30. 1920 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Austrocephalocereus dybowskii (Rol.-Goss.) Backeb. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 23: 149. 1951 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Austrocephalocereus dyhowskii (Rol.-Goss.) Backeb. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 23: 149. 1951 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Gerocephalus dybowskii (Rol.-Goss.) F.Ritter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 19: 156. 1968 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Coleocephalocereus dybowskii (Rol.-Goss.) F.H.Brandt in Kakteen Orch. Rundschau 1981(5): 124. 1981 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#54. Estevesia P.J.Braun in Kakteen And. Sukk. 60(3): 64. 2009. Sec. Franck (2021) Type: Estevesia alex-bragae P.J.Braun & Esteves

Notes. – Estevesia P.J. Braun has not been included in any molecular study so far. It was provisionally placed in the synonymy of Harrisia by Nyffeler & Eggli (2010). The status of Estevesia was revisited by Franck (2016), stating: "Estevesia P.J. Braun had been erroneously synonymized with Harrisia (Nyffeler & Eggli 2010; Hernández-Ledesma et al. 2015), but Estevesia is likely more related to Cereus s. str. and Monvillea Britton & Rose." However, this still needs to be confirmed by a phylogenetic study. [Franck (2021)]

Acc.#54.1.1 Estevesia alex-bragae P.J.Braun & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 60: 64. 2009. Sec. Franck (2021)

Acc.#55. Eulychnia Phil., Fl. Atacam.: 23. 1860. Sec. Larridon & al. (2018) Type: Eulychnia breviflora Phil.

Syn.#55.g1= Philippicereus Backeb. in Cactaceae (Berlin) 1941(2): 75. 1942 syn. sec. Larridon & al. (2018). Type: Philippicereus castaneus (Phil.) Backeb.

Notes. – Phylogenetics: Species boundaries and infrageneric relationships in Eulychnia have recently been comprehensively studied using six chloroplast markers (rpl32-trnL, trnH-psbA, trnL-trnF, trnQ-rps16, trnS-trnG, and ycf1) and a sampling covering the distribution range (Larridon et al. 2018). Eulychnia was confirmed as monophyletic and two major clades were retrieved in the molecular phylogenetic hypotheses, a northern clade and a southern clade, which both can also easily be distinguished morphologically. The results also supported accepting three further species E. ritteri, E. chorosensis and E. taltalensis, together with the recognition of the new species E. vallenarensis. [Guerrero (2021)]

Acc.#55.1.1 Eulychnia acida Phil. in Linnaea 33: 80. 1864. Sec. Larridon & al. (2018)

Syn.#55.1.1Cereus acidus (Phil.) K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt., Nachtr. 1: 22. 1903 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#55.2.1 Eulychnia acida var. acida. Sec. Larridon & al. (2018)

Acc.#55.3.1 Eulychnia acida var. elata F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 896. 1980. Sec. Larridon & al. (2018)

Acc.#55.4.1 Eulychnia breviflora Phil., Fl. Atacam.: 24. 1860. Sec. Larridon & al. (2018)

Syn.#55.4.2= Eulychnia procumbens Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 6. 1963 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#55.4.3= Eulychnia barquitensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 899. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#55.4.4= Cereus longispinus Salm-Dyck in Allg. Gartenzeitung 13: 354. 1845 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021) Eulychnia longispina (SalmDyck) F.Ritter in Kakteen And. Sukk. 16: 212. 1965 syn. sec. Guerrero (2021)

Syn.#55.4.5= Cereus chiloensis var. heteromorphus K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 63. 1897 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#55.4.6= Cereus coquimbanus K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt., Nachtr. 1: 23. 1903 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#55.5.1 Eulychnia breviflora var. breviflora. Sec. Larridon & al. (2018)

Acc.#55.6.1 Eulychnia breviflora var. tenuis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 898. 1980. Sec. Larridon & al. (2018)

Acc.#55.7.1 Eulychnia castanea Phil. in Linnaea 33: 80. 1864. Sec. Larridon & al. (2018)

Syn.#55.7.1Cereus castaneus (Phil.) K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt., Nachtr. 1: 22. 1903 Philippicereus castaneus (Phil.) Backeb. in Cactaceae (Berlin) 1941(2): 29. 1942

Acc.#55.8.1 Eulychnia chorosensis P.Klaassen in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 83(4): 172. 2011. Sec. Larridon & al. (2018)

Syn.#55.8.2= Eulychnia acida var. procumbens F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 895. 1980 syn. sec. Larridon & al. (2018)

Acc.#55.9.1 Eulychnia iquiquensis (K.Schum.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 83. 1920. Sec. Larridon & al. (2018)

Syn.#55.9.1Cereus iquiquensis K.Schum. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 14: 99. 1904 Eulychnia breviflora subsp. iquiquensis (K.Schum.) D.R.Hunt in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 14: 16. 2002 Eulychnia iquiquensis subsp. iquiquensis syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#55.9.2= Eulychnia aricensis F.Ritter in Taxon 13: 115. 1964 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#55.9.3= Eulychnia iquiquensis var. pullilana F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 901. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#55.9.4= Eulychnia morromorenoensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 901. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#55.10.1 Eulychnia ritteri Cullmann in Kakteen And. Sukk. 9: 121. 1958. Sec. Larridon & al. (2018)

Syn.#55.10.1Eulychnia breviflora subsp. ritteri (Cullmann) D.R.Hunt in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 14: 16. 2002 syn. sec. Larridon & al. (2018) Eulychnia iquiquensis subsp. ritteri (Cullmann) D.R.Hunt in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 19: 13. 2005 syn. sec. Larridon & al. (2018)

Acc.#55.11.1 Eulychnia saint-pieana F.Ritter in Taxon 13: 115. 1964. Sec. Larridon & al. (2018)

Syn.#55.11.1Eulychnia saint-pieana var. barquitensis (F.Ritter) A.E.Hoffm., Cact. Fl. Silvestre Chile: 142. 1989 syn. sec. Larridon & al. (2018)

Acc.#55.12.1 Eulychnia taltalensis (F.Ritter) Hoxey in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 83(4): 169. 2011. Sec. Larridon & al. (2018)

Syn.#55.12.1Eulychnia breviflora var. taltalensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 898. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#55.13.1 Eulychnia vallenarensis P.C.Guerrero & Helmut Walter in Phytotaxa 392(1): 89. 2019. Sec. Guerrero & Walter (2019)

Acc.#56. Facheiroa Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 173. 1920. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Type: Facheiroa pubiflora Britton & Rose

Syn.#56.g1= Zehntnerella Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 176. 1920 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004). Type: Zehntnerella squamulosa (Gürke) Britton & Rose

Notes. – See Note under Leocereus. [Korotkova & al. (2021)]

Acc.#56.1.1 Facheiroa cephaliomelana Buining & Brederoo in Kakteen And. Sukk. 26(6): 121–124, f. 1975. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#56.1.2= Facheiroa pilosa F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 219. 1979 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#56.1.3= Facheiroa tenebrosa P.J.Braun & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 39: 131. 1988 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#56.2.1 Facheiroa cephaliomelana subsp. cephaliomelana. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#56.3.1 Facheiroa cephaliomelana subsp. estevesii (P.J.Braun) N.P.Taylor & Zappi in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 7. 1997. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#56.3.1Facheiroa estevesii P.J.Braun in Kakteen And. Sukk. 37(4): 74–79. 1986 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#56.4.1 Facheiroa squamosa (Gürke) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 40: 199. 1989. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#56.4.1Cereus squamosus Gürke in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 18: 70. 1908 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Zehntnerella squamulosa (Gürke) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 177. 1920 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Leocereus squamosus (Gürke) Werderm., Bras. Säulenkakt.: 98. 1933 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#56.4.2= Zehntnerella chaetacantha F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 215. 1979 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Facheiroa chaetacantha (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 40: 202. 1989 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#56.4.3= Zehntnerella chaetacantha var. montealtoi F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 215. 1979 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Facheiroa chaetacantha var. montealtoi (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 40: 202. 1989 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#56.4.4= Zehntnerella polygona F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 214. 1979 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Facheiroa squamosa var. polygona (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Kakteen And. Sukk. 40: 202. 1989 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Facheiroa squamosa subsp. polygona (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Succulenta (Netherlands) 74: 130. 1995 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#56.4.5= Facheiroa braunii Esteves in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 76: 126. 2004 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#56.4.6Facheiroa deinacanthus Rauh ex Innes & Glass, Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Cacti: 112. 1991, nom. inval. syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Acc.#56.5.1 Facheiroa ulei (Gürke) Werderm., Bras. Säulenkakt.: 113. 1933. Sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#56.5.1Cephalocereus ulei Gürke in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 18: 85. 1908 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Espostoa ulei (Gürke) Buxb. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 106: 155. 1959, nom. inval. syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004)

Syn.#56.5.2= Cephalocereus robustus Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 52. 1920 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#56.5.3= Facheiroa pubiflora Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 173. 1920 syn. sec. Taylor & Zappi (2004) Cereus pubiflorus (Britton & Rose) Vaupel, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 21: 635. 1925 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#56.5.4= Cereus ulei Luetzelb. in Estud. Bot. Nordéste 3: 111. 1926 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#57. Ferocactus Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 123. 1922. Sec. Hunt (2016) Type: Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelm.) Britton & Rose

Syn.#57.g1= Bisnaga Orcutt in Cactography 1. 1926 syn. sec. Hunt (2006). Type: Bisnaga cornigera (DC.) Orcutt

Syn.#57.0.5Ferocactus sect. Bisnaga (Orcutt) N.P.Taylor & J.Y.Clark in Bradleya 1: 6. 1983

Syn.#57.0.6= Brittonia C.A.Armstr. in Cact. J. (Croydon) 2: 64. 1934 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#57.0.7= Glandulicactus Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1938(6): 22. 1938 syn. sec. Hunt (2006). Type: Glandulicactus uncinatus (Galeotti ex Pfeiff.) Backeb.

Syn.#57.0.8= Parrycactus Doweld in Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 32: 117. 2000 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Notes. – Phylogenetics: Vázquez-Sánchez & al. (2013) found Ferocactus in its current circumscription to be vastly polyphyletic, and the same is true for sect. Bisnaga. The Ferocactus clade found by Vázquez-Sánchez & al. (2013) also includes the genera Leuchtenbergia, Glandulicactus, Stenocactus and Thelocactus, corroborating the results of a much less dense sampling by Hernández-Hernández & al. (2011). The Ferocactus clade is morphologically characterized by pericarpels with scales and ribbed stems, and Vázquez-Sánchez & al. (2013) suggested expanding Ferocactus to embrace the genera just mentioned is the best taxonomic solution to make Ferocactus monophyletic, yet Leuchtenbergia is the oldest name of this assemblage and would have priority, unless the name Ferocactus is conserved. [Hernández-Ledesma & al. (2015)]

Acc.#57.1.1 Ferocactus alamosanus (Britton & Rose) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 137, f. 145. 1922. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.1.1Echinocactus alamosanus Britton & Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 16: 239, t. 66. 1913 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Ferocactus pottsii var. alamosanus (Britton & Rose) G.Unger in Kakteen And. Sukk. 22: 187. 1971 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Parrycactus alamosanus (Britton & Rose) Doweld in Sukkulenty 3: 36. 2000 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#57.1.2= Ferocactus alamosanus var. platygonus G.E.Linds. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 14: 139. 1942 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#57.2.1 Ferocactus alamosanus subsp. alamosanus. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#57.3.1 Ferocactus alamosanus subsp. reppenhagenii (G.Unger) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 6: 15. 1998. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.3.1Ferocactus reppenhagenii G.Unger in Kakteen And. Sukk. 25(3): 50. 1974 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Parrycactus reppenhagenii (G.Unger) Doweld in Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 32: 118. 2000 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Parrycactus alamosanus subsp. reppenhagenii (G.Unger) Doweld in Sukkulenty 3: 36. 2000

Acc.#57.4.1 Ferocactus chrysacanthus (Orcutt) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 127. 1922. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.4.1Echinocactus chrysacanthus Orcutt in Rev. Cact. 1: 56. 1899 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#57.5.1 Ferocactus chrysacanthus subsp. chrysacanthus. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.5.2= Echinocactus rubrispinus Ford ex Orcutt, Rev. Cact. 1(2): 56. 1899 syn. sec. Tropicos Ferocactus chrysacanthus f. rubrispinus (Ford ex Orcutt) G.Unger, Grossen Kugelkakteen Nordamerikas: 210. 1992 syn. sec. Tropicos

Acc.#57.6.1 Ferocactus chrysacanthus subsp. grandiflorus (G.E.Linds.) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 6: 15. 1998. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.6.1Ferocactus fordii var. grandiflorus G.E.Linds. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 27: 164, f. 154. 1955 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Ferocactus grandiflorus (G.E.Linds.) G.Unger, Grossen Kugelkakteen Nordamerikas: 242. 1992 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#57.7.1 Ferocactus cylindraceus (Engelm.) Orcutt in Cactography 5. 1926. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.7.1Echinocactus viridescens var. cylindraceus Engelm. in Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 2, 14: 338. 1852 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.7.2= Echinocactus leopoldii E.Morren in Ann. Bot. Hort. 26: 132. 1876 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#57.7.3= Echinocactus johnstonianus (Britton & Rose) Fosberg in Amer. Midl. Naturalist 27: 257. 1942 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Ferocactus acanthodes var. johnstonianus (Britton & Rose) G.Unger, Grossen Kugelkakteen Nordamerikas: 132. 1992 syn. sec. Tropicos

Acc.#57.8.1 Ferocactus cylindraceus subsp. cylindraceus. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.8.2= Echinocactus acanthodes Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 106. 1839 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Ferocactus acanthodes (Lem.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 129. 1922 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.8.3= Echinocactus copoldi K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 357. 1898 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#57.8.4= Ferocactus rostii Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 146. 1922 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Echinocactus rostii (Britton & Rose) A.Berger, Kakteen: 340. 1929 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Echinocactus acanthodes var. rostii (Britton & Rose) Munz, Man. S. Calif. Bot.: 328. 1935 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Ferocactus acanthodes var. rostii (Britton & Rose) W.T.Marshall in Marshall & Bock, Cactaceae: 148. 1941 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Ferocactus acanthodes subsp. rostii (Britton & Rose) Lodé in Cact.Avent. Int. 98(Suppl.): 4. 2013

Acc.#57.9.1 Ferocactus cylindraceus subsp. eastwoodiae (L.D.Benson) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 14: 16. 2002. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#57.9.1Ferocactus acanthodes var. eastwoodiae L.D.Benson, Cacti Ariz., ed. 3: 23. 1969 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Ferocactus eastwoodiae (L.D.Benson) L.D.Benson, Cacti U. S. Canada: 969. 1982 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Ferocactus cylindraceus var. eastwoodiae (L.D.Benson) N.P.Taylor in Bradleya 2: 33. 1984 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Ferocactus acanthodes subsp. eastwoodiae (L.D.Benson) Lodé in Cact.-Avent. Int. 98(Suppl.): 4. 2013 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Acc.#57.10.1 Ferocactus cylindraceus subsp. lecontei (Engelm.) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 6: 16. 1998. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.10.1Echinocactus lecontei Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 274. 1856 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Echinocactus wislizeni var. lecontei (Engelm.) Engelm. in Rep. U.S. Geogr. Surv., Wheeler 6: 128. 1879 syn. sec. Tropicos Echinocactus wislizeni f. lecontei (Engelm.) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 168. 1907 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Ferocactus lecontei (Engelm.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 129. 1922 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Ferocactus acanthodes var. lecontei (Engelm.) G.E.Linds. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 27: 169. 1955 syn. sec. Tropicos Ferocactus cylindraceus var. lecontei (Engelm.) Bravo in Cact. Suc. Mex. 25: 65. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Ferocactus acanthodes subsp. lecontei (Engelm.) Lodé in Cact.-Avent. Int. 98(Suppl.): 4. 2013

Syn.#57.10.2= ?Echinocactus wislizeni var. albus Costantin & Poiss. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 17: 118. 1907 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#57.10.3= Echinocactus hertrichii Weing., Desert (Pasadena) 1: 40. 1929 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Thelocactus hertrichii (Weing.) Borg, Cacti, ed. 2: 347. 1951 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#57.11.1 Ferocactus cylindraceus subsp. tortulispinus (H.E.Gates) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 6: 16. 1998. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#57.11.1Ferocactus tortulispinus H.E.Gates in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 4: 343. 1933 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Ferocactus acanthodes var. tortulispinus (H.E.Gates) G.E.Linds. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 27: 168. 1955 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Ferocactus cylindraceus var. tortulispinus (H.E.Gates) Bravo in Cact. Suc. Mex. 25: 65. 1980 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Ferocactus acanthodes subsp. tortulispinus (H.E.Gates) F.Wolf & R.Wolf, Ferokakt. Baja California: 25. 2004 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Ferocactus gracilis subsp. tortulispinus (H.E.Gates) Lodé in Cact.-Avent. Int. 100: 29. 2013 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Acc.#57.12.1 Ferocactus diguetii (F.A.C.Weber) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 131–132. 1922. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.12.1Echinocactus diguetii F.A.C.Weber in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 4: 100. 1898 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Ferocactus diguetii var. diguetii

Syn.#57.12.2= Ferocactus diguetii var. carmenensis G.E.Linds. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 27: 167. 1955 Ferocactus diguetii subsp. carmenensis (G.E.Linds.) F.Wolf & R.Wolf, Ferokakt. Baja California: 93. 2004 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Acc.#57.13.1 Ferocactus echidne (DC.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 135. 1922. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.13.1Echinocactus echidne DC. in Coll. Mém. 8: 19. 1834 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Echinofossulocactus echidne (DC.) Lawr. in Gard. Mag. (London) 17: 318. 1841 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Parrycactus echidne (DC.) Doweld in Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 32: 118. 2000 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.13.2= Echinocactus dolichacanthus Lem., Cact. Aliq. Nov.: 25. 1838 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#57.13.3= Echinocactus vanderaeyi Lem., Cact. Aliq. Nov.: 20. 1838 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinofossulocactus vanderaeyi (Lem.) Lawr. in Gard. Mag. (London) 17: 318. 1841 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#57.13.4= Echinocactus dolichacanthus var. minor Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 86. 1839 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#57.13.5= Echinofossulocactus vanderaeyi var. ignotus-longispinus Lawr. in Gard. Mag. (London) 17: 318. 1841 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#57.13.6= Echinocactus dolichocentrus Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1844: 22. 1845 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#57.13.7= Echinocactus gilvus A.Dietr. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 13: 170. 1845 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922) Echinocactus echidne var. gilvus (A.Dietr.) Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 27. 1850 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922) Echinocactus echidne f. gilvus (A.Dietr.) K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 333. 1898 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#57.13.8= Echinocactus victoriensis Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12: 291. 1909 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Ferocactus echidne var. victoriensis (Rose) G.E.Linds. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 27: 168. 1955 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Ferocactus victoriensis (Rose) Backeb., Cactaceae 5: 2728. 1961 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.13.9= Echinocactus rafaelensis J.A.Purpus in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 22: 163. 1912 syn. sec. Tropicos Ferocactus rafaelensis (J.A.Purpus) Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 236. 1937 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.13.10= Ferocactus echidne var. rhodanthus G.Unger in Kakteen And. Sukk. 54: 142. 2003 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#57.14.1 Ferocactus emoryi (Engelm.) Orcutt in Cactography 1: 5. 1926. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.14.1Echinocactus emoryi Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 275. 1856 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#57.15.1 Ferocactus emoryi subsp. covillei (Britton & Rose) D.R.Hunt & Dimmitt in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 20: 16. 2005. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.15.1Ferocactus covillei Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 132–133, f. 138–139. 1922 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Echinocactus covillei (Britton & Rose) A.Berger, Kakteen: 138. 1929 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#57.16.1 Ferocactus emoryi subsp. emoryi. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#57.17.1 Ferocactus emoryi subsp. rectispinus (Engelm.) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 6: 16. 1998. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.17.1Echinocactus emoryi var. rectispinus Engelm. ex J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3(7): 362. 1896 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Ferocactus rectispinus (Engelm.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 134. 1922 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Ferocactus emoryi var. rectispinus (Engelm.) N.P.Taylor in Bradleya 2: 37. 1984 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Echinocactus emoryi f. rectispinus (Engelm. ex J.M.Coult.) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 161. 1907 Echinocactus rectispinus (Engelm.) Britton & Rose in J. New York Bot. Gard. 12: 269. 1911 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#57.18.1 Ferocactus flavovirens (Scheidw.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 138, 13, f. 1. 1922. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.18.1Echinocactus flavovirens Scheidw. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 9: 50. 1841 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Bisnaga flavovirens (Scheidw.) Orcutt in Cactography 1. 1926 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Parrycactus flavovirens (Scheidw.) Doweld in Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 32: 118. 2000 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#57.19.1 Ferocactus fordii (Orcutt) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 126. 1922. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.19.1Echinocactus fordii Orcutt in Rev. Cact. 1: 56. 1899 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Ferocactus fordii var. fordii

Acc.#57.20.1 Ferocactus fordii subsp. borealis N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 14: 16. 2002. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#57.21.1 Ferocactus fordii subsp. fordii. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#57.22.1 Ferocactus glaucescens (DC.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 137. 1922. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.22.1Echinocactus glaucescens DC. in Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 115. 1828 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Parrycactus glaucescens (DC.) Doweld in Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 32: 118. 2000 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#57.22.2= Echinocactus hybocentrus Lehm. ex Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 65. 1837 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#57.22.3= Echinocactus mammillarioides Hook. in Bot. Mag. 64: t. 3558. 1837 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Malacocarpus mammillarioides (Hook.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 203–204. 1922 syn. sec. Tropicos Pyrrhocactus mammillarioides (Hook.) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 263. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria mammillarioides (Hook.) Backeb. in Kakteenkunde 5: 81. 1939 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Neoporteria subgibbosa var. mammillarioides (Hook.) Donald & G.D.Rowley in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 28: 58. 1966 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.22.4= Echinocactus pfeifferi Zucc. ex Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 58. 1837 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Echinofossulocactus pfeifferi (Zucc.) Lawr. in Gard. Mag. (London) 17: 318. 1841 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Ferocactus pfeifferi (Zucc. ex Pfeiff.) Backeb., Cactaceae 5: 2742. 1961 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.22.5= Echinocactus theionacanthus Lem., Cact. Aliq. Nov.: 22. 1838 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#57.22.6= Echinocactus theiacanthus Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 86. 1839 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#57.22.7= Echinocactus nummularioides Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 536. 1840 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#57.22.8= Echinocactus dietrichianus C.F.Först. in Hamburger Garten- Blumenzeitung 17: 160. 1861 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#57.23.1 Ferocactus gracilis H.E.Gates in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 4: 323. 1933. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.23.1Ferocactus peninsulae var. gracilis (H.E.Gates) G.Unger, Grossen Kugelkakteen Nordamerikas: 193. 1992 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Ferocactus gracilis var. gracilis

Syn.#57.23.2= Ferocactus viscainensis H.E.Gates in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 4: 324. 1933 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Ferocactus peninsulae var. viscainensis (H.E.Gates) G.E.Linds. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 27: 169. 1955 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Ferocactus peninsulae subsp. viscainensis (H.E.Gates) F.Wolf & R.Wolf, Ferokakt. Baja California: 151. 2004 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Acc.#57.24.1 Ferocactus gracilis subsp. coloratus (H.E.Gates) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 6: 16. 1998. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.24.1Ferocactus coloratus H.E.Gates in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 4: 344. 1933 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Ferocactus gracilis var. coloratus (H.E.Gates) G.E.Linds. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 27: 169. 1955 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Ferocactus peninsulae var. coloratus (H.E.Gates) G.Unger, Grossen Kugelkakteen Nordamerikas: 202. 1992 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Acc.#57.25.1 Ferocactus gracilis subsp. gatesii (G.E.Linds.) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 6: 16. 1998. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.25.1Ferocactus gatesii G.E.Linds. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 27: 150, f. 146–147. 1955 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#57.26.1 Ferocactus gracilis subsp. gracilis. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#57.27.1 Ferocactus haematacanthus (Salm-Dyck) Bravo ex Backeb. & F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 352. 1936 ["1935"]. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.27.1Echinocactus electracanthus var. haematacanthus Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 150. 1850 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Ferocactus stainesii var. haematacanthus (Salm-Dyck) Backeb., Cactaceae 5: 2700. 1961 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Bisnaga haematacantha (Salm-Dyck) Doweld in Sukkulenty 1(2): 28. 1999 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.27.2= Echinocactus flexispinus Engelm. in Mem. Tour N. Mexico: 111. 1848 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#57.27.3= Echinocactus treculianus Labour., Monogr. Cact.: 202. 1853 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#57.27.4= Echinocactus flavispinus Meinsh. in Wochenschr. Gärtnerei Pflanzenk. 1: 28. 1858 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#57.27.5= Echinocactus haematacanthus var. crassispinus Engelm. in Rep. U.S. Mex. Bound. 2(1): 21. 1858 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#57.27.6= Echinocactus haematacanthus (Monv. ex Salm-Dyck) Monv. ex F.A.C.Weber, Dict. Hort. 1: 468. 1896 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#57.27.7= Bisnaga pueblensis Doweld in Sukkulenty 2: 43. 1999 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#57.28.1 Ferocactus hamatacanthus (Muehlenpf.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 144. 1922. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#57.28.1Echinocactus hamatacanthus Muehlenpf. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 14(47): 371. 1846 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Hamatocactus hamatacanthus (Muehlenpf.) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 353. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#57.28.2= Echinocactus longihamatus Galeotti, Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 2: pl. 16. 1848 syn. sec. Tropicos Echinocactus setispinus var. longihamatus (Galeotti ex Pfeiff.) Poselg. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 21: 119. 1853 syn. sec. Tropicos Echinocactus hamatacanthus var. longihamatus (Galeotti ex Pfeiff.) J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 365. 1896 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#57.28.3= Echinocactus flexispinus Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 159. 1850 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#57.28.4= Echinocactus longihamatus var. brevispinus Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 274. 1856 syn. sec. Tropicos Echinocactus hamatacanthus var. brevispinus (Engelm.) J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 366. 1896 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus longihamatus f. brevispinus (Engelm.) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 160. 1907 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#57.28.5= Echinocactus uncinatus Engelm. ex Scheer, Bot. Voy. Herald: 290. 1856 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#57.28.6= Echinocactus longihamatus var. crassispinus Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 274. 1857 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Ferocactus hamatacanthus var. crassispinus (Engelm.) L.D.Benson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 46: 80. 1974 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#57.28.7= Echinocactus texensis var. treculianus C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 504. 1885 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#57.28.8= Echinocactus longihamatus var. bicolor F.A.C.Weber in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 3: 140. 1893 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#57.28.9= Echinocactus gerardii F.A.C.Weber, Dict. Hort. 1: 468. 1896 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#57.28.10= Echinocactus deflexispinus Gruson in Schumann, Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 343. 1898 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#57.28.11= Echinocactus longihamatus var. deflexispinus F.A.C.Weber in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 12: 69. 1902 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#57.28.12= Echinocactus longihamatus var. insignis F.A.C.Weber in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 12: 69. 1902 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#57.28.13= Echinocactus insignis Haage Jr. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 5: 76. 1905 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#57.28.14= Brittonia davisii Houghton & C.A.Armstr. in Cact. J. (Croydon) 2: 64. 1934 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Hamatocactus hamatacanthus var. davisii (Houghton & C.A.Armstr.) W.T.Marshall in Marshall & Bock, Cactaceae: 145. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#57.29.1 Ferocactus hamatacanthus subsp. hamatacanthus

Syn.#57.29.2= Echinocactus longihamatus Galeotti ex Pfeiff., Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 2: t. 16. 1847 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#57.29.3= Echinocactus longihamatus var. gracilispinus Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 273. 1856 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#57.29.4= Echinocactus haematochroanthus Hemsl. in Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot. 1(6): 532. 1880 syn. sec. Tropicos

Acc.#57.30.1 Ferocactus hamatacanthus subsp. sinuatus (A.Dietr.) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 5: 13. 1998. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.30.1Echinocactus sinuatus A.Dietr. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 19(44): 345–346. 1851 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Echinocactus setispinus var. sinuatus (A.Dietr.) Poselg. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 21: 119. 1853 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus longihamatus var. sinuatus (A.Dietr.) F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 342. 1898 syn. sec. Tropicos Echinocactus longihamatus f. sinuatus (A.Dietr.) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 160. 1907 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Hamatocactus sinuatus (A.Dietr.) Orcutt in Cactography 6. 1926 syn. sec. Tropicos Ferocactus hamatacanthus var. sinuatus (A.Dietr.) L.D.Benson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 41: 128. 1969 syn. sec. Tropicos Bisnaga haematacantha subsp. sinuata (A.Dietr.) Doweld in Sukkulenty 2: 28. 1999 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Hamatocactus hamatacanthus subsp. sinuatus (A.Dietr.) Lodé in Cact.-Avent. Int. 98(Suppl.): 5. 2013 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#57.31.1 Ferocactus herrerae J.G.Ortega, Mexico Forest. 5: 53. 1927. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.31.1Ferocactus wislizeni var. herrerae (J.G.Ortega) N.P.Taylor in Bradleya 2: 34. 1984 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Ferocactus wislizeni subsp. herrerae (J.G.Ortega) Pilbeam & Bowdery, Ferocactus: 103. 2005 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#57.32.1 Ferocactus histrix (DC.) G.E.Linds. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 27: 171. 1955. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.32.1Echinocactus histrix DC. in Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 115. 1828 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Bisnaga histrix (DC.) Doweld in Sukkulenty 2: 28. 1999 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.32.2= Echinocactus melocactiformis DC. in Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 38. 1828 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Ferocactus melocactiformis (DC.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 138. 1922 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.32.3= Echinocactus coulteri G.Don, Gen. Hist. 3: 162. 1834 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#57.32.4= Echinocactus oxypterus Zucc. ex Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 57. 1837 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinofossulocactus oxypterus (Zucc. ex Pfeiff.) Lawr. in Gard. Mag. (London) 17: 318. 1841 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#57.32.5= Echinocactus electracanthus Lem., Cact. Aliq. Nov.: 24. 1838 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Bisnaga electracantha (Lem.) Orcutt in Cactography 1. 1926 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#57.32.6= Echinocactus hystrichacanthus Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 17. 1839 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#57.32.7= Echinocactus pycnoxyphus Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 16. 1839 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#57.32.8= Echinocactus electracanthus var. rufispinus Müll.Arg. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 3: 70. 1893 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#57.32.9= Echinocactus pfersdorffii Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 203. 1907 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#57.33.1 Ferocactus johnstonianus Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 287. 1923. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#57.34.1 Ferocactus latispinus (Haw.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 143–144, pl. 16, f. 3. 1922. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.34.1Cactus latispinus Haw. in Philos. Mag. J. 63: 41. 1824 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Mammillaria latispina (Haw.) Tate in Gard. Mag. & Reg. Rural Domest. Improv. 16: 26. 1840 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus recurvus var. latispinus (Haw.) Mittl., Taschenb. Cactusliebhaber: 91. 1841 syn. sec. Tropicos Echinocactus latispinus (Haw.) Hemsl. in Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot. 1(6): 533. 1880 syn. sec. Tropicos Ferocactus recurvus var. latispinus (Haw.) G.Unger, Grossen Kugelkakteen Nordamerikas: 302. 1992 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Bisnaga recurva subsp. latispina (Haw.) Doweld in Sukkulenty 2: 29. 1999 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Bisnaga latispina (Haw.) Doweld in Sukkulenty 3: 36. 2000 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Echinocactus corniger var. latispinus (Haw.) Voss syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#57.34.2= Cactus recurvus Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8. 1768 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Echinocactus recurvus (Mill.) Link & Otto in Verh. Vereins Beförd. Gartenbaues Königl. Preuss. Staaten 3: 426. 1827 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Echinofossulocactus recurvus (Mill.) Lawr. in Gard. Mag. (London) 17: 318. 1841 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Ferocactus recurvus (Mill.) Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 231. 1937 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Cactus recurvus (Lehm.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 261. 1891 syn. sec. Tropicos Ferocactus latispinus var. recurvus (Mill.) Lodé in Cact. Avent. 27: 29. 1995, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#57.34.3= Cactus nobilis L., Mant. Pl. 2: 248. 1771 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Echinocactus nobilis (L.) Druce in Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 4(Suppl. 2): 620. 1917 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Ferocactus nobilis (L.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 141. 1922 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.34.4= Melocactus recurvus Link & Otto in Verh. Vereins Beförd. Gartenbaues Königl. Preuss. Staaten 3: 419. 1827 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Cereus recurvus Link & Otto ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 335. 1840 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#57.34.5= Cactus cornigerus Moc. & Sessé ex DC., Prodr. 3: 461. 1828 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Echinocactus corniger DC. in Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 36. 1828 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus cornigerus DC. in Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 36. 1828 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Bisnaga cornigera (DC.) Orcutt in Cactography 1. 1926 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#57.34.6= Echinocactus nobilis Haw. in Philos. Mag. Ann. Chem. 9: 115. 1830 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#57.34.7= Melocactus besleri-affinis Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 60. 1837 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#57.34.8= Melocactus latispinus Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 56. 1837 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#57.34.9= Echinocactus curvicornis Miq. in Linnaea 12: 5. 1838 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#57.34.10= Echinocactus stellatus Scheidw. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 8: 338. 1840 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#57.34.11= Echinocactus solenacanthus Scheidw. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 9: 50. 1841 syn. sec. Tropicos Echinocactus recurvus var. solenacanthus (Scheidw.) Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1844: 21. 1845 syn. sec. Tropicos Echinocactus recurvus f. solenacanthus (Scheidw.) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 162. 1907 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#57.34.12= Echinofossulocactus corniger Lawr. in Gard. Mag. (London) 17: 318. 1841 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinofossulocactus cornigerus Lawr. in Gard. Mag. (London) 17: 318. 1841 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#57.34.13= Echinofossulocactus corniger var. angustispinus (Lawr.) Lawr. in Gard. Mag. (London) 17: 318. 1841 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Echinofossulocactus cornigerus var. angustispinus Lawr. in Gard. Mag. & Reg. Rural Domest. Improv. 17: 318. 1841 syn. sec. WFO 2019 Echinofossulocactus angustispinus Lawr., Cactaceae 3: 318. 1922 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#57.34.14= Echinofossulocactus elatior Lawr. in Gard. Mag. (London) 17: 136. 1841 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinofossulocactus corniger var. elatior (Lawr.) Lawr. in Gard. Mag. (London) 17: 318. 1841 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinofossulocactus cornigerus var. elatior Lawr. in Gard. Mag. (London) 17: 318. 1841 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#57.34.15= Echinofossulocactus recurvus var. campylacanthus Lawr. in Gard. Mag. (London) 17: 318. 1841 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#57.34.16= Echinofossulocactus rubrospinus Lawr. in Gard. Mag. (London) 17: 318. 1841 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinofossulocactus corniger var. rubrospinus (Lawr.) Lawr. in Gard. Mag. (London) 17: 318. 1841 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinofossulocactus cornigerus var. rubrospinus Lawr. in Gard. Mag. (London) 17: 318. 1841 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#57.34.17= Echinocactus corniger var. flavispinus J.N.Haage ex C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk.: 318. 1846 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus latispinus var. flavispinus (J.N.Haage) F.A.C.Weber, Dict. Hort. 1: 467. 1898 syn. sec. Tropicos Echinocactus corniger f. flavispinus (J.N.Haage ex C.F.Först.) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 165. 1907 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922) Ferocactus latispinus var. flavispinus (J.N.Haage) Backeb. & F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 352. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Ferocactus recurvus f. flavispinus (Haage ex C.F.Först.) G.Unger, Grossen Kugelkakteen Nordamerikas: 316. 1992 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#57.34.18= Echinocactus corniger var. latispinus C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk.: 318. 1846 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#57.34.19= Echinocactus recurvus var. tricuspidatus C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk.: 317. 1846 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#57.34.20= Echinocactus stellaris Hemsl. in Biol. Cent.-Amer., Bot. 1(6): 538. 1880 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus spiralis var. stellaris (Hemsl.) Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1844: 21. 1845 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#57.34.21= ?Echinocactus corniger var. rubrispinosus DC. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 12: 59. 1902 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#57.34.22= Echinocactus recurvus var. bicolor R.S.Cowan in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 20: 144. 1910 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Acc.#57.35.1 Ferocactus latispinus subsp. greenwoodii (Glass) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 20: 17. 2005. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.35.1Ferocactus recurvus var. greenwoodiae Glass in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 40: 160. 1968 syn. sec. TPL (2013) Ferocactus cylindraceus var. greenwoodiae (Glass) N.P.Taylor in Bradleya 2: 27. 1984 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Ferocactus latispinus var. greenwoodii (Glass) N.P.Taylor in Bradleya 2: 27. 1984 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Ferocactus recurvus subvar. greenwoodiae (Glass) G.Unger, Grossen Kugelkakteen Nordamerikas: 299. 1992 Ferocactus recurvus subsp. greenwoodiae (Glass) Pilbeam & Bowdery, Ferocactus: 91. 2005 syn. sec. TPL (2013) Ferocactus recurvus subsp. greenwoodii (Glass) Pilbeam & Bowdery, Ferocactus: 91. 2005 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#57.36.1 Ferocactus latispinus subsp. latispinus. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#57.37.1 Ferocactus latispinus subsp. spiralis (Karw. ex Pfeiff.) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 5: 13. 1998. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.37.1Echinocactus spiralis Karw. ex Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 60–61. 1837 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Echinofossulocactus spiralis (Karw. ex Pfeiff.) Lawr. in Gard. Mag. (London) 17: 318. 1841 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus recurvus var. spiralis (Karw. ex Pfeiff.) K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 348. 1898 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus recurvus f. spiralis (Karw. ex Pfeiff.) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 162. 1907 syn. sec. Tropicos Ferocactus latispinus var. spiralis (Karw. ex Pfeiff.) N.P.Taylor in Bradleya 2: 26. 1984 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Ferocactus recurvus f. spiralis (Karw. ex Pfeiff.) G.Unger, Grossen Kugelkakteen Nordamerikas: 294. 1992 syn. sec. Tropicos Bisnaga latispina subsp. spiralis (Karw. ex Pfeiff.) Doweld in Sukkulenty 3: 36. 2000 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Bisnaga latispinus var. spiralis (Karw. ex Pfeiff.) Doweld in Sukkulenty 3: 36. 2000 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#57.38.1 Ferocactus lindsayi Bravo in Cact. Suc. Mex. 11: 9. 1966. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#57.39.1 Ferocactus macrodiscus (Mart.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 139–140, f. 147. 1922. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.39.1Echinocactus macrodiscus Mart. in Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 16(1): 341. 1832 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Bisnaga macrodisca (Mart.) Doweld in Sukkulenty 2: 29. 1999 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.39.2= Echinocactus campylacanthus Scheidw. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 8: 337. 1840 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#57.39.3= Echinofossulocactus campylacanthus Lawr. in Gard. Mag. (London) 17: 318. 1841 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#57.39.4= Echinocactus macromeris Poselg. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 21: 102. 1853 syn. sec. Tropicos Coryphantha macromeris (Engelm.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 25. 1923 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#57.39.5= Echinocactus macrodiscus var. multiflorus Rud.Mey. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 24: 150. 1914 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus macrodiscus f. multiflorus (Rud.Mey.) Schelle, Kakteen: 203. 1926 syn. sec. Tropicos

Acc.#57.40.1 Ferocactus macrodiscus subsp. macrodiscus. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#57.41.1 Ferocactus macrodiscus subsp. septentrionalis (J.Meyrán) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 5: 13. 1998. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.41.1Ferocactus macrodiscus var. septentrionalis J.Meyrán in Cact. Suc. Mex. 32: 52. 1987 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Bisnaga macrodisca subsp. septentrionalis (J.Meyrán) Doweld in Sukkulenty 2: 29. 1999 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#57.42.1 Ferocactus mathssonii (Berge ex K.Schum.) N.P.Taylor in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 41: 91. 1979. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#57.42.1Echinocactus mathssonii Berge ex K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 351. 1898 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Glandulicactus mathssonii (Berge ex K.Schum.) D.J.Ferguson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 63: 91. 1991 Glandulicactus mathssonii (Berge ex K.Schum.) Wozniak in Swiat Kakt. 30: 10. 1996 Ancistrocactus mathssonii (Berge ex K.Schum.) Doweld in Sukkulenty 2: 29. 1999 syn. sec. Tropicos Echinocactus mathssonii Berge in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 3: 45. 1893, nom. nud.

Syn.#57.42.2= Echinocactus crassihamatus F.A.C.Weber in Bois, Dict. Hort.: 468. 1896 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Ferocactus crassihamatus (F.A.C.Weber) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 144. 1922 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Glandulicactus crassihamatus (F.A.C.Weber) Backeb. in Beitr. Sukkulentenk. Sukkulentenpflege 1940: 6. 1940 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Thelocactus crassihamatus (F.A.C.Weber) W.T.Marshall in Marshall & Bock, Cactaceae: 169. 1941 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Hamatocactus crassihamatus (F.A.C.Weber) Buxb. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 98: 60. 1951 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Ancistrocactus crassihamatus (F.A.C.Weber) L.D.Benson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 41: 188. 1969 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Sclerocactus uncinatus var. crassihamatus (F.A.C.Weber) N.P.Taylor in Bradleya 5: 94. 1987 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Hamatocactus uncinatus subsp. crassihamatus (F.A.C.Weber) Glass, Guía Identific. Cact. Amenazadas México: Ha/un. 1997 ["1998"] syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Sclerocactus uncinatus subsp. crassihamatus (F.A.C.Weber) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 5: 13. 1998 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Pediocactus uncinatus var. crassihamatus (F.A.C.Weber) Halda in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 5(1): 25. 1998 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Ancistrocactus uncinatus subsp. crassihamatus (F.A.C.Weber) Doweld in Cactus & Co. 5: 92. 2001 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#57.43.1 Ferocactus peninsulae (F.A.C.Weber) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 133. 1922. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.43.1Echinocactus peninsulae F.A.C.Weber in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 1: 320. 1895 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Ferocactus peninsulae var. peninsulae

Syn.#57.43.2= Echinocactus peninsulae Engelm. ex J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 361. 1895 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#57.43.3= Ferocactus horridus Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 128. 1922 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#57.44.1 Ferocactus pilosus (Galeotti) Werderm., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Sonderbeih. B Sonderbeih. C: t. 72. 1933. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.44.1Echinocactus pilosus Galeotti in Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., 1849: 148. 1850 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Ferocactus stainesii var. pilosus (Galeotti ex Salm-Dyck) Backeb., Cactaceae 5: 2702. 1961 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#57.44.2= Echinocactus stainesii Hook. in Rev. Hort. 6: 248. 1845 syn. sec. Tropicos Echinocactus stainesii Hook. ex Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 27. 1850 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Ferocactus stainesii (Hook. ex Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 124. 1922 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.44.3= Echinocactus pilosus var. stainesii Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 149. 1850 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus pilosus f. stainesii (Salm-Dyck) Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3, 1: 372. 1894 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Ferocactus piliferus var. stainesii (Salm-Dyck) G.Unger in Kakteen And. Sukk. 37: 45. 1986 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#57.44.4= Echinocactus pilifer Lem., Monogr. Cact.: 186. 1853 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus piliferus Lem. ex Labour., Monogr. Cact.: 186. 1853 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Ferocactus piliferus (Lem. ex Labour.) G.Unger in Kakteen And. Sukk. 37: 45. 1986 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Ferocactus pilifer (Lem. ex Labour.) G.Unger in Kakteen And. Sukk. 37: 45. 1986 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.44.5= Echinocactus pilosus var. pringlei J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 365. 1896 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Echinocactus pringlei (J.M.Coult.) Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 10: 127. 1906 syn. sec. Tropicos Ferocactus pringlei (J.M.Coult.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 125. 1922 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Ferocactus stainesii var. pringlei (J.M.Coult.) Backeb., Cactaceae 5: 2701. 1961 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Echinocereus pringlei Rose

Syn.#57.44.6= Echinocactus pilosus var. flavispinus Schelle, Kakteen: 188. 1926 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Ferocactus piliferus f. flavispinus (Schelle) G.Unger in Kakteen And. Sukk. 37: 45. 1986 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Acc.#57.45.1 Ferocactus pottsii (Salm-Dyck) Backeb., Cactaceae 5: 2738. 1961. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.45.1Echinocactus pottsii Schur ex Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 35. 1850 Echinocactus bicolor var. pottsii SalmDyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 173. 1850 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Echinocactus bicolor f. pottsii (Salm-Dyck) Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3, 1: 373. 1894 Thelocactus pottsii (Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 12–13. 1923 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Thelocactus bicolor var. pottsii (Salm-Dyck) Backeb., Cactaceae 5: 2809. 1961

Acc.#57.46.1 Ferocactus robustus (Link & Otto) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 135. 1922. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.46.1Echinocactus robustus Link & Otto in Allg. Gartenzeitung 1: 364. 1833 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.46.2= Echinocactus subulifer Link & Otto in Verh. Vereins Beförd. Gartenbaues Königl. Preuss. Staaten 3: 427. 1827 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus subuliferus Link & Otto in Verh. Vereins Beförd. Gartenbaues Königl. Preuss. Staaten 3: 427. 1827 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#57.46.3= Melocactus prolifer Otto & A.Dietr. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 1: 364. 1833 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#57.46.4= Echinocactus agglomeratus Karw. ex Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 61. 1837 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#57.46.5= Echinocactus robustus Otto ex Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 61. 1837 syn. sec. Tropicos Echinofossulocactus robustus (Otto ex Pfeiff.) Lawr. in Gard. Mag. (London) 17: 318. 1841 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#57.46.6= Echinocactus robustus var. monstruosus Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 61. 1837 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#57.46.7= Echinocactus robustus var. prolifer Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 61. 1837 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#57.47.1 Ferocactus schwarzii G.E.Linds. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 27: 70. 1955. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.47.1Parrycactus schwarzii (G.E.Linds.) Doweld in Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 32: 118. 2000 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#57.48.1 Ferocactus tiburonensis (G.E.Linds.) Backeb., Cactaceae 5: 2719. 1961. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.48.1Ferocactus wislizeni var. tiburonensis G.E.Linds. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 27: 166, f. 155. 1955 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Echinocactus wislizeni subsp. tiburonensis (G.E.Linds.) Felger in J. Arizona Acad. Sci. 6: 82. 1970 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Ferocactus wislizeni subsp. tiburonensis (G.E.Linds.) Pilbeam & Bowdery, Ferocactus: 105. 2005 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#57.49.1 Ferocactus townsendianus Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 127. 1922. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#57.49.1Ferocactus peninsulae var. townsendianus (Britton & Rose) N.P.Taylor in Bradleya 2: 28. 1984 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Ferocactus peninsulae subsp. townsendianus (Britton & Rose) Pilbeam & Bowdery, Ferocactus: 83. 2005 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#57.49.2= Echinocactus santa-maria Rose ex Schick in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 29: 13. 1919 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922) Ferocactus santa-maria Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 131. 1922 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Ferocactus townsendianus var. santa-maria (Britton & Rose) G.E.Linds. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 27: 170. 1955 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Ferocactus peninsulae var. santa-maria (Britton & Rose) N.P.Taylor in Bradleya 2: 30. 1984 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Ferocactus peninsulae subsp. santa-maria (Britton & Rose) Pilbeam & Bowdery, Ferocactus: 82. 2005 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Acc.#57.50.1 Ferocactus uncinatus (Galeotti ex Pfeiff.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 146, f. 153, 153a. 1922. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.50.1Echinocactus uncinatus Galeotti ex Pfeiff. in Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 2: t. 18. 1848 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Echinomastus uncinatus (Galeotti ex Pfeiff.) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 358. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Glandulicactus uncinatus (Galeotti ex Pfeiff.) Backeb. in Beitr. Sukkulentenk. Sukkulentenpflege 1938: 34. 1938 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Thelocactus uncinatus (Galeotti ex Pfeiff.) W.T.Marshall in Marshall & Bock, Cactaceae: 169. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Ancistrocactus uncinatus (Galeotti ex Pfeiff.) L.D.Benson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 41: 188. 1969 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Sclerocactus uncinatus (Galeotti ex Pfeiff.) N.P.Taylor in Bradleya 5: 94. 1987 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Pediocactus uncinatus (Galeotti ex Pfeiff.) Halda in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 5: 25. 1998 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Hamatocactus uncinatus (Galeotti ex Pfeiff.) Buxb. syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Glandulicactus uncinatus subsp. uncinatus

Syn.#57.50.2= Echinocactus ancylacanthus Monv. ex Labour., Monogr. Cact.: 201. 1853 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#57.50.3= Echinocactus uncinatus var. wrightii Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 272. 1856 syn. sec. Tropicos Echinocactus wrightii (Engelm.) Small, Fl. S.E. U.S.: 815. 1903 syn. sec. Tropicos Echinocactus uncinatus f. wrightii (Engelm.) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 160. 1907 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Ancistrocactus uncinatus var. wrightii (Engelm.) L.D.Benson in Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4 4: 4. 1923 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Hamatocactus wrightii (Engelm.) Orcutt in Cactography 6. 1926 syn. sec. Tropicos Echinomastus uncinatus var. wrightii (Engelm.) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 358. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Tropicos Thelocactus uncinatus var. wrightii (Engelm.) H.P.Kelsey & Dayton, Standard. Pl. Names, ed. 2: 78. 1942 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Glandulicactus uncinatus var. wrightii (Engelm.) Backeb., Cactaceae 5: 2925. 1961 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Ferocactus uncinatus var. wrightii (Engelm.) N.P.Taylor in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 41: 31. 1979 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Hamatocactus uncinatus var. wrightii (Engelm.) Bravo in Cact. Suc. Mex. 25: 65. 1980 syn. sec. Tropicos Sclerocactus uncinatus var. wrightii (Engelm.) N.P.Taylor in Bradleya 5: 94. 1987 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Glandulicactus wrightii (Engelm.) D.J.Ferguson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 63: 89. 1991 syn. sec. Tropicos Sclerocactus uncinatus subsp. wrightii (Engelm.) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 5: 13. 1998 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Pediocactus uncinatus var. wrightii (Engelm.) Halda in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 5(1): 25. 1998 syn. sec. Tropicos Ancistrocactus uncinatus subsp. wrightii (Engelm.) Doweld in Cactus & Co. 5: 86. 2001 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Glandulicactus uncinatus subsp. wrightii (Engelm.) U.Guzmán in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 16: 17. 2003 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#57.50.4= Echinocactus wrightii J.M.Coult. in Cycl. Amer. Hort. 2: 513. 1900 syn. sec. Tropicos

Acc.#57.51.1 Ferocactus viridescens (Torr. & A.Gray) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 140. 1922. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.51.1Echinocactus viridescens Torr. & A.Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1(4): 554. 1840 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Ferocactus viridescens var. viridescens

Syn.#57.51.2= Echinocactus viridescens Nutt. in Fl. N. Amer. 1: 544. 1840 syn. sec. Tropicos Melocactus viridescens Nutt. ex Teschem. in J. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 5: 293. 1845 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#57.51.3= Echinocactus cylindraceus Engelm. in Pacif. Railr. Rep. Parke, Bot. 4: 32. 1857 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#57.51.4= Echinocactus orcuttii Engelm. ex Orcutt in W. Amer. Sci. 2: 46. 1886 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Ferocactus orcuttii (Engelm. ex Orcutt) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 134. 1922 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Ferocactus viridescens var. orcuttii (Engelm. ex Orcutt) G.Unger, Grossen Kugelkakteen Nordamerikas: 105. 1992 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Ferocactus viridescens subsp. orcuttii (Engelm. ex Orcutt) F.Wolf & R.Wolf, Ferokakt. Baja California: 218. 2004 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.51.5= Echinocactus limitus Engelm. ex J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 374. 1895 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#57.51.6= Ferocactus viridescens var. littoralis G.E.Linds. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 36: 8. 1964 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Ferocactus viridescens subsp. littoralis (G.E.Linds.) F.Wolf & R.Wolf, Ferokakt. Baja California: 207. 2004 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Acc.#57.52.1 Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelm.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 127. 1922. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.52.1Echinocactus wislizeni Engelm., Mem. Tour N. Mexico: 96–97. 1848 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922) Ferocactus wislizeni var. wislizeni syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#57.52.2= Echinocactus wislizeni var. decipiens Engelm. in Rep. U.S. Geogr. Surv., Wheeler 6: 128. 1879 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#57.52.3= Echinocactus wislizeni var. albispinus Toumey in Gard. & Forest 8: 154. 1895 syn. sec. Tropicos Echinocactus wislizeni f. albispinus (Toumey) Schelle, Kakteen: 208. 1926 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Ferocactus wislizeni var. albispinus (Toumey) Y.Itô, Cacti, ed. 2: 105. 1952 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#57.52.4= Echinocactus falconeri Orcutt in W. Amer. Sci. 13: 31. 1902 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Ferocactus falconeri (Orcutt) Orcutt in Cactography 6. 1926 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003) Ferocactus wislizeni var. falconeri (Orcutt) Y.Itô, Cactaceae: 495. 1981, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#57.52.5= Echinocactus arizonicus R.E.Kunze in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 19: 149. 1909 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Ferocactus arizonicus (R.E.Kunze) Orcutt in Cactography 6. 1926 syn. sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#57.52.6= Echinocactus wislizeni var. phoeniceus R.E.Kunze in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 8. 1913 syn. sec. Tropicos Ferocactus phoeniceus (R.E.Kunze) Orcutt in Cactography 6. 1926 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus wislizeni f. phoeniceus (R.E.Kunze) Schelle, Kakteen: 208. 1926 syn. sec. Tropicos Ferocactus wislizeni var. phoeniceus (R.E.Kunze) Y.Itô, Cacti, ed. 2: 105. 1952 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#57.52.7= Ferocactus wislizeni var. ajoensis Fencl & Kalas in Kaktusy (Brno) 48(Príloha): 37. 2012 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Ferocactus wislizeni subsp. ajoensis Fencl & Kalas in Bradleya 31: 7. 2013 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#58. Frailea Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 208. 1922. Sec. Hunt (2006) Type: Frailea cataphracta (Dams) Britton & Rose

Notes. – The combination of several Frailea names under Astrophytum by Halda & Malina (2005) reflects only a superficial similarity of seeds and flowers. This supposed close relationship had already been postulated by Buxbaum (1951) but has no phylogenetic support up to now. Frailea is one of several genera that, according to molecular phylogenies, have an isolated position within the Cactoideae, but the relationship to other clades is still not finally resolved (Hernández-Hernández & al. 2011). [Metzing (2021)]

Acc.#58.1.1 Frailea alexandri Metzing, Bradleya 24: 124–121, 123, 125, f. 8–10, 12, 13a–c. 2006. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Acc.#58.2.1 Frailea amerhauseri Prestlé in Succulenta (Netherlands) 81(3): 130. 2002. Sec. Metzing (2021)

Acc.#58.3.1 Frailea buenekeri W.R.Abraham in Succulenta (Netherlands) 69: 64. 1990. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#58.3.1Astrophytum buenekeri (W.R.Abraham) Halda & Malina in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 12(1): 12. 2005 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#58.4.1 Frailea buenekeri subsp. buenekeri. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#58.5.1 Frailea buenekeri subsp. densispina Hofacker & K.Herm in Kakteen And. Sukk. 48(3): 61, fig. 1997. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#58.5.1Frailea densispina (Hofacker & K.Herm) N.Gerloff in Cactus & Co. 5(3): 142. 2001 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#58.6.1 Frailea castanea Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 248, 415. 1936 ["1935"]. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#58.6.1Astrophytum castaneum (Backeb.) Halda & Malina in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 12(1): 13. 2005 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#58.6.2= Frailea asterioides Werderm. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 42: 6. 1937 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Echinocactus asterioides (Werderm.) Blossf., Kakteensamen: 11. 1938 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Astrophytum asterioides (Werderm.) Halda & Malina in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 12(1): 12. 2005 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#58.6.3= Frailea asterioides var. backebergii F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 210. 1979 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#58.6.4= Frailea asterioides var. harmoniana F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 211. 1979 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Frailea castanea subsp. harmoniana (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Succulenta (Netherlands) 74: 130. 1995 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#58.7.1 Frailea cataphracta (Dams) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 210. 1922. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#58.7.1Echinocactus cataphractus Dams in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 14: 172. 1904 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Astrophytum cataphractum (Dams) Halda & Malina in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 12(1): 13. 2005 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#58.7.2= Frailea uhligiana Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 6. 1963 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Astrophytum uhligianum (Backeb.) Halda & Malina in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 12(1): 15. 2005 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#58.7.3= Frailea cataphractoides Backeb., Kakteenlex.: 159. 1966 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#58.7.4= Frailea matoana Buining & Brederoo in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 43: 139. 1971 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Frailea schilinzkyana subsp. matoana (Buining & Brederoo) Berka in Kaktusy (Brno) 40(Spec. 1): 14. 2004 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Astrophytum matoanum (Buining & Brederoo) Halda & Malina in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 12(1): 14. 2005 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#58.7.5= Frailea melitae Buining & Brederoo in Kakteen And. Sukk. 25: 121. 1974 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Frailea cataphracta subsp. melitae (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Succulenta (Netherlands) 74: 130. 1995 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Astrophytum melitae (Buining & Brederoo) Halda & Malina in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 12(1): 14. 2005 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#58.7.6= Frailea cataphracta var. duchii G.Moser in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 32: 83. 1977 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Frailea cataphracta subsp. duchii (G.Moser) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Succulenta (Netherlands) 74: 130. 1995 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#58.8.1 Frailea chiquitana Cárdenas in Revista Agric. (Cochabamba) 6: 8. 1951. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#58.8.1Astrophytum chiquitanum (Cárdenas) Halda & Malina in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 12(1): 13. 2005 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#58.8.2= Frailea pullispina Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 6. 1963 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Astrophytum pullispinum (Backeb.) Halda & Malina in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 12(1): 14. 2005 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#58.8.3= Frailea pullispina var. atrispina Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 6. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#58.8.4= Frailea pullispina var. centrispina Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 6. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#58.9.1 Frailea curvispina Buining & Brederoo in Krainz, Kakteen 50-51: CVIe. 1972. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#58.9.1Astrophytum curvispinum (Buining & Brederoo) Halda & Malina in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 12(1): 13. 2005 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#58.10.1 Frailea diersiana Schädlich in Kakteen And. Sukk. 71(7): 199. 2020. Sec. Schädlich (2020)

Acc.#58.11.1 Frailea erythracantha R.Pontes, A.S.Oliveira & Deble in Phytotaxa 369: 212. 2018. Sec. Pontes & al. (2018)

Acc.#58.12.1 Frailea fulviseta Buining & Brederoo in Kakteen And. Sukk. 24(8): 170. 1973. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#58.12.1Frailea pygmaea subsp. fulviseta (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Succulenta (Netherlands) 74: 131. 1995 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Astrophytum fulvisetum (Buining & Brederoo) Halda & Malina in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 12(1): 13. 2005 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#58.13.1 Frailea gracillima (Lem.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 209. 1922. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#58.13.1Echinocactus gracillimus Monv. ex Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 24. 1839 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922) Astrophytum gracillimum (Lem.) Halda & Malina in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 12(1): 13. 2005 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#58.13.2= Echinocactus gracilis Hort. ex C.F.Först, Handb. Cacteenk.: 304. 1846 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#58.13.3= Echinocactus pumilus var. gracillimus K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 394. 1898 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#58.13.4= Frailea stockingeri Prestlé, Gattung Frailea: 136. 1997 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Acc.#58.14.1 Frailea gracillima subsp. gracillima. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#58.14.2= Frailea alacriportana Backeb. & Voll in Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 9: 174. 1949 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Frailea gracillima subsp. alacriportana (Backeb. & Voll) N.Gerloff in Mitt. Frailea 2: 15. 1997 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Astrophytum alacriportanum (Backeb. & Voll) Halda & Malina in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 12(1): 12. 2005 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#58.14.3= Frailea albifusca F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 49: 124. 1970 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Frailea gracillima subsp. albifusca (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Succulenta (Netherlands) 74: 130. 1995 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Astrophytum albifuscum (F.Ritter) Halda & Malina in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 12(1): 12. 2005 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#58.14.4= Frailea lepida Buining & Brederoo in Krainz, Kakteen 54: CVIe. 1973 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Frailea gracillima f. lepida (Buining & Brederoo) Hofacker & Berka in Kaktusy (Brno) 40(Spec. 1): 15. 2004 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Astrophytum lepidum (Buining & Brederoo) Halda & Malina in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 12(1): 14. 2005 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#58.14.5= Frailea pseudogracillima F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 201. 1979 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Astrophytum pseudogracillimum (F.Ritter) Halda & Malina in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 12(1): 14. 2005 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#58.14.6= Frailea altasensis Prestlé, Gattung Frailea: 126. 1997 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Acc.#58.15.1 Frailea gracillima subsp. horstii (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Succulenta (Netherlands) 74(3): 130. 1995. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#58.15.1Frailea horstii F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 202. 1979 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Astrophytum horstii (F.Ritter) Halda & Malina in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 12(1): 13. 2005 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#58.15.2= Frailea buiningiana Prestlé, Gattung Frailea: 133. 1997 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#58.15.3= Frailea buiningiana f. gracilispina Prestlé, Gattung Frailea: 135. 1997 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#58.15.4= Frailea horstii subsp. fecotrigensis Prestlé, Gattung Frailea: 131. 1997 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Frailea gracillima var. fecotrigensis (Prestlé) Berka in Kaktusy (Brno) 40(Spec. 1): 15. 2004 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#58.16.1 Frailea larae R.Vásquez in Revista Soc. Estud. Bot. 1: 5. 1994. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Acc.#58.17.1 Frailea mammifera Buining & Brederoo in Krainz, Kakteen 50-51: CVIe. 1972. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#58.17.1Astrophytum mammiferum (Buining & Brederoo) Halda & Malina in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 12(1): 14. 2005 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#58.17.2= Frailea magnifica Buining ex Prestlé, Gattung Frailea: 56. 1997 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#58.17.3= Frailea atrobella Diers, Krahn & R.Vásquez in Kakteen And. Sukk. 62: 156. 2011 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Acc.#58.18.1 Frailea mammifera subsp. angelesiae R.Kiesling & Metzing in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 21: 18. 2006. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#58.19.1 Frailea mammifera subsp. mammifera. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#58.20.1 Frailea phaeodisca (Speg.) Backeb. & F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 250. 1936 ["1935"]. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#58.20.1Echinocactus pygmaeus var. phaeodiscus Speg. in Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, ser. 3, 4: 498. 1905 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Frailea pygmaea var. phaeodisca (Speg.) Y.Itô, Cacti, ed. 2: 70. 1952 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Astrophytum phaeodiscum (Speg.) Halda & Malina in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 12(1): 14. 2005 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#58.20.2= Frailea perbella Prestlé in Succulenta (Netherlands) 59: 115. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Astrophytum perbellum (Prestlé) Halda & Malina in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 12(1): 14. 2005 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#58.21.1 Frailea pumila (Lem.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 209–210, f. 223. 1922. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#58.21.1Echinocactus pumilus Lem., Cact. Aliq. Nov.: 21. 1838 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Astrophytum pumilum (Lem.) Halda & Malina in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 12(1): 14. 2005 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#58.21.2= Echinocactus knippelianus Quehl in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 12: 9. 1902 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Frailea knippeliana (Quehl) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 211. 1922 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Astrophytum knippelianum (Quehl) Halda & Malina in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 12(1): 14. 2005 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#58.21.3= Echinocactus colombianus Werderm. in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 271. 1931 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Frailea colombiana (Werderm.) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 248. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Frailea pumila subsp. colombiana (Werderm.) Prestlé in Gattung Frailea: 156. 1997 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#58.21.4= Frailea carminifilamentosa Kilian, Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 6. 1963 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Astrophytum carminifilamentosum (Kilian) Halda & Malina in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 12(1): 13. 2005 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#58.21.5= Frailea carminifilamentosa var. winkelmanniana Kilian ex Backeb., Kakteenlex.: 159. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#58.21.6= Frailea hlineckyana Červinka in Frailea 1971(2): 13. 1971 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Frailea pumila subsp. hlineckiana (Červinka) Prestlé, Gattung Frailea: 159. 1997 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#58.21.7= Frailea jajoiana Červinka in Frailea 1971(2): 13. 1971 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Frailea pumila subsp. jajoiana (Červinka) Prestlé, Gattung Frailea: 160. 1997 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#58.21.8= Frailea albiareolata Buining & Brederoo in Krainz, Kakteen 53: CVle. 1973 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Frailea pumila subsp. albiareolata (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Succulenta (Netherlands) 74: 130. 1995 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Astrophytum albiareolatum (Buining & Brederoo) Halda & Malina in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 12(1): 12. 2005 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#58.21.9= Frailea deminuta Buining & Brederoo in Krainz, Kakteen 54: CVIe. 1973 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Frailea pumila subsp. deminuta (Buining & Brederoo) Prestlé, Gattung Frailea: 170. 1997 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Astrophytum deminutum (Buining & Brederoo) Halda & Malina in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 12(1): 13. 2005 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#58.21.10= Frailea pumila var. maior F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 206. 1979 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Frailea pumila subsp. maior (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Succulenta (Netherlands) 74: 130. 1995 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#58.21.11= Astrophytum chrysacanthum (Hrabě) Halda & Malina in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 12(1): 13. 2005 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#58.21.12Frailea chrysacantha Hrabě in Kaktusy (Brno) 1: 131. 1965, nom. inval. syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#58.22.1 Frailea pygmaea (Speg.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 210–211. 1922. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#58.22.1Echinocactus pygmaeus Speg. in Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, ser. 3, 4: 497. 1905 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Astrophytum pygmaeum (Speg.) Halda & Malina in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 12(1): 14. 2005 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#58.22.2= Echinocactus dadakii Frič ex A.Berger, Kakteen: 218. 1929 syn. sec. Metzing (2021) Frailea dadakii Frič ex A.Berger, Kakteen: 218. 1929 syn. sec. Metzing (2021) Frailea pygmaea var. dadakii (Frič ex A.Berger) Backeb., Cactaceae 3: 1660. 1959 syn. sec. Metzing (2021) Astrophytum dadakii (Frič ex A.Berger) Halda & Malina in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 12(1): 13. 2005 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#58.22.3= Frailea aurea Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 247. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Metzing (2021) Frailea pygmaea var. aurea (Backeb.) Backeb., Cactaceae 3: 1661. 1959 syn. sec. Metzing (2021) Astrophytum aureum (Backeb.) Halda & Malina in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 12(1): 12. 2005 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#58.22.4= Frailea pseudopulcherrima Y.Itô, Explan. Diagr. Austroechinocactinae: 294. 1957 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Astrophytum pseudopulcherrimum (Y.Itô) Halda & Malina in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 12(1): 14. 2005

Syn.#58.22.5= Frailea asperispina F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 49: 124. 1970 syn. sec. Metzing (2021) Frailea pygmaea subsp. asperispina (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Succulenta (Netherlands) 74: 131. 1995 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Astrophytum asperispinum (F.Ritter) Halda & Malina in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 12(1): 12. 2005 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#58.22.6= Frailea aureispina F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 49: 124. 1970 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Frailea pygmaea subsp. aureispina (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Succulenta (Netherlands) 74: 131. 1995 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Astrophytum aureispinum (F.Ritter) Halda & Malina in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 12(1): 12. 2005 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#58.22.7= Frailea aureinitens Buining & Brederoo in Succulenta (Netherlands) 55: 62. 1976 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Frailea pygmaea subsp. aureinitens (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Succulenta (Netherlands) 74: 131. 1995 syn. sec. Tropicos Frailea pygmaea var. aureinitens (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Succulenta (Netherlands) 74(3): 131. 1995 syn. sec. Tropicos Astrophytum aureinitens (Buining & Brederoo) Halda & Malina in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 12(1): 12. 2005 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#58.22.8Frailea pygmaea var. atrofusca Backeb., Cactaceae 3: 1660. 1959, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#58.23.1 Frailea pygmaea subsp. albicolumnaris (F.Ritter) Hofacker in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 6: 11. 1998. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#58.23.1Frailea albicolumnaris F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 207. 1979 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Astrophytum albicolumnare (F.Ritter) Halda & Malina in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 12(1): 12. 2005 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#58.24.1 Frailea pygmaea subsp. pygmaea. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#58.24.2= Echinocactus pulcherrimus Arechav. in Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 5: 222. 1905 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Malacocarpus pulcherrimus (Arechav.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 194, f. 206. 1922 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Frailea pulcherrima (Arechav.) Speg. in Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 99: 131. 1925 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Frailea pygmaea var. pulcherrima (Arechav.) Prestlé, Gattung Frailea: 84. 1997 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Astrophytum pulcherrimum (Arechav.) Halda & Malina in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 12(1): 14. 2005 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#58.24.3= Frailea aureispina var. pallidior F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 209. 1979 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#58.24.4= Frailea pygmaea var. altigibbera F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 203. 1979 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Frailea pygmaea subsp. altigibbera (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Succulenta (Netherlands) 74: 131. 1995 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#58.24.5= Frailea pygmaea var. curvispina F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 204. 1979 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#58.24.6= Frailea pygmaea var. lilalunula F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 203. 1979 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Frailea pygmaea subsp. lilalunula (F.Ritter) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Succulenta (Netherlands) 74: 131. 1995 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#58.24.7= Frailea pygmaea var. longispina F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 204. 1979 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#58.24.8= Frailea pygmaea var. maior F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 204. 1979 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#58.24.9= Frailea pygmaea var. planicosta F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 204. 1979 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#58.25.1 Frailea pygmaea subsp. tuyensis (Buining & G.Moser) Metzing in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 21: 16. 2006. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#58.25.1Frailea cataphracta var. tuyensis Buining & G.Moser in Succulenta (Netherlands) 50: 64. 1971 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Frailea tuiyensis Buining & G.Moser in Succulentes (France) 50(4): 64. 1971 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Frailea tuyensis (Buining & G.Moser) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Succulenta (Netherlands) 74(3): 130. 1995 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Frailea cataphracta subsp. tuyensis (Buining & G.Moser) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Succulenta (Netherlands) 74: 130. 1995 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#58.26.1 Frailea schilinzkyana (F.Haage) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 210. 1922. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#58.26.1Echinocactus schilinzkyanus F.Haage ex K.Schum. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 7: 108. 1897 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Cactus schilinzkyanus (F.Haage ex K.Schum.) Kuntze in Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 21: 173. 1903 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Astrophytum schilinzkyanum (F.Haage ex K.Schum.) Halda & Malina in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 12(1): 15. 2005 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#58.26.2= Echinocactus schilinzkyanus var. grandiflorus F.Haage in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 8: 143. 1898 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#58.26.3= Echinocactus grahlianus F.Haage ex K.Schum. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 9: 54. 1899 Cactus grahlianus (F.Haage ex K.Schum.) Kuntze in Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 21: 173. 1903 syn. sec. Metzing (2021) Frailea grahliana (F.Haage ex K.Schum.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 209. 1922 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Astrophytum grahlianum (F.Haage ex K.Schum.) Halda & Malina in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 12(1): 13. 2005 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#58.26.4= Echinocactus grahlianus var. adustior Rolfe in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 14: 156. 1904 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#58.26.5= Frailea perumbilicata F.Ritter in Succulenta (Netherlands) 49: 125. 1970 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Frailea castanea var. perumbilicata (F.Ritter) Prestlé, Gattung Frailea: 213. 1997 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Astrophytum perumbilicatum (F.Ritter) Halda & Malina in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 12(1): 14. 2005 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#58.26.6= Frailea moseriana Buining & Brederoo in Krainz, Kakteen 50-51: CVIe. 1972 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Frailea grahliana subsp. moseriana (Buining & Brederoo) Prestlé, Gattung Frailea: 196. 1997 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Astrophytum moserianum (Buining & Brederoo) Halda & Malina in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 12(1): 14. 2005 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#58.26.7= Frailea perumbilicata var. spinosior F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 207. 1979 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Frailea castanea subvar. spinosior (F.Ritter) Prestlé, Gattung Frailea: 214. 1997 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#58.27.1 Frailea schilinzkyana subsp. concepcionensis (Buining & G.Moser) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Succulenta (Netherlands) 74(3): 131. 1995. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#58.27.1Frailea concepcionensis Buining & G.Moser in Succulenta (Netherlands) 50(3): 49. 1971 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#58.27.2= Frailea angelicana Diers & Schädlich in Kakteen And. Sukk. 64: 212. 2013 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#58.27.3= Frailea piltzii C.A.L.Bercht & Schädlich in Succulenta (Netherlands) 96(6): 254. 2017 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Acc.#58.28.1 Frailea schilinzkyana subsp. schilinzkyana. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#58.28.2= Frailea friedrichii Buining & G.Moser in Succulenta (Netherlands) 50: 25. 1971 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#58.28.3= Frailea ignacionensis Buining & G.Moser in Succulenta (Netherlands) 50: 63. 1971 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#58.28.4= Frailea ybatense Buining & G.Moser in Succulenta (Netherlands) 50: 46. 1971 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#59. Geohintonia Glass & W.A.Fitz Maur. in Cact. Suc. Mex. 37(1): 16. 1992. Sec. Vázquez-Sánchez & al. (2013) Type: Geohintonia mexicana Glass & W.A.Fitz Maur.

Notes. – Monotypic; sampled by Vázquez-Sánchez & al. (2013) and resolved as sister to Aztekium. [Hernández-Ledesma & al. (2015)]

Acc.#59.1.1 Geohintonia mexicana Glass & W.A.Fitz Maur. in Cact. Suc. Mex. 37(1): 17. 1992. Sec. Vázquez-Sánchez & al. (2013)

Syn.#59.1.1Echinocactus mexicanus (Glass & W.A.Fitz Maur.) Halda in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 7: 72. 2000 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Aztekium mexicanum (Glass & W.A.Fitz Maur.) Barmon & Corman in Succulentopi@ 15: 10. 2015 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Acc.#60. Grusonia F.Rchb. ex Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 1: 215. 1919. Sec. Majure (2021) Type: Grusonia bradtiana (J.M.Coult.) Britton & Rose

Syn.#60.g1= Corynopuntia F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 114, 410. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Hunt (2016). Type: Corynopuntia clavata (Engelm.) F.M.Knuth

Syn.#60.0.2= Marenopuntia Backeb. in Desert Pl. Life 22: 27. 1950 syn. sec. Hunt (2016). Type: Marenopuntia marenae (S.H.Parsons) Backeb.

Notes. – Phylogenetics: Corynopuntia was included in Grusonia s.l. (Wallace & Dickie 2002; Anderson 2001, 2005; Nyffeler & Eggli 2010), then accepted as separate genus by Hunt (2006). Griffith & Porter (2009) argue for recognizing Corynopuntia as a distinct genus, and Grusonia as monotypic, although support for the monophyly of Corynopuntia was only 67% BS in their study. Their data also suggest that Micropuntia could be recognised as a separate genus. Bárcenas & al. (2011) do not find support for treating Corynopuntia separate from Grusonia, and in addition find no support for a monophyletic Corynopuntia. Majure & al. (2019) showed that the characters used to separate Corynopuntia from Grusonia are either plesiomorphic or convergent, thus, there is no clear reason for separating these taxa into two genera. However, they did show that the genus Micropuntia (formerly Grusonia pulchella) was sister to a Grusonia and Cylindropuntia clade, and thus, should be recognized as a monotypic genus. See also notes under Cylindropuntia and Micropuntia. [Majure (2021)]

Acc.#60.1.1 Grusonia aggeria (Ralston & Hilsenb.) E.F.Anderson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 71(6): 324. 1999. Sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003)

Syn.#60.1.1Opuntia aggeria Ralston & Hilsenb. in Madroño 36(4): 226–228, f. 2. 1989 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Corynopuntia aggeria (Ralston & Hilsenb.) M.P.Griff. in Haseltonia 9: 91. 2003

Acc.#60.2.1 Grusonia agglomerata (A.Berger) E.F.Anderson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 71: 325. 1999. Sec. Bárcenas & Hawkins (2017)

Syn.#60.2.1Opuntia agglomerata A.Berger, Kakteen: 58. 1929 syn. sec. Bárcenas & Hawkins (2017) Corynopuntia agglomerata (A.Berger) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 116. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Bárcenas & Hawkins (2017)

Acc.#60.3.1 Grusonia bradtiana (J.M.Coult.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 1: 215. 1919. Sec. Hernández & al. (2014)

Syn.#60.3.1Cereus bradtianus J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 406. 1896 syn. sec. Hernández & al. (2014) Opuntia bradtiana (J.M.Coult.) K.Brandegee in Erythea 5: 121. 1897 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#60.3.2= Grusonia cereiformis K.Schum. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 4: 110. 1894 syn. sec. Hernández & al. (2014)

Syn.#60.3.3= Opuntia cereiformis F.A.C.Weber, Dict. Hort.: 897. 1898 syn. sec. Tropicos

Acc.#60.4.1 Grusonia bulbispina (Engelm.) H.Rob. in Phytologia 26(3): 176. 1973. Sec. Hernández & al. (2014)

Syn.#60.4.1Opuntia bulbispina Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 304–305. 1856 syn. sec. Hernández & al. (2014) Corynopuntia bulbispina (Engelm.) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 115. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Hernández & al. (2014)

Syn.#60.4.2= Cactus bulbispinus Lem., Cactées: 88. 1868 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1923)

Acc.#60.5.1 Grusonia bulbispina subsp. basileocephala (D.Donati) Majure, M.A.Baker & Cloud-H. in Haseltonia 25: 16. 2018. Sec. Baker & Pinkava

Syn.#60.5.1Corynopuntia bulbispina subsp. basileocephala D.Donati in Piante Grasse 31: 17. 2011

Acc.#60.6.1 Grusonia bulbispina subsp. bulbispina. Sec. Donati (2011)

Acc.#60.7.1 Grusonia clavata (Engelm.) H.Rob. in Phytologia 26(3): 176. 1973. Sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003)

Syn.#60.7.1Opuntia clavata Engelm., Mem. Tour N. Mexico: 95. 1848 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Cactus clavatus (Engelm.) Lem., Cactées: 88. 1868 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Cylindropuntia clavata (Engelm.) F.M.Knuth, Nye kaktusbog: 131. 1930 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Corynopuntia clavata (Engelm.) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 115. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003)

Acc.#60.8.1 Grusonia deinacantha (D.Donati) Majure, M.A.Baker & Cloud-H. in Haseltonia 25: 16. 2018. Sec. Baker & Pinkava

Syn.#60.8.1Corynopuntia deinacantha D.Donati in Webbia 72: 106. 2017

Acc.#60.9.1 Grusonia densispina (Ralston & Hilsenb.) Pinkava in J. Arizona-Nevada Acad. Sci. 34(1): 45. 2002. Sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#60.9.1Opuntia densispina Ralston & Hilsenb. in Madroño 39(4): 281–284, f. 1. 1992 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Corynopuntia densispina (Ralston & Hilsenb.) Fensterm. in Phytoneuron 2016-1: 24. 2016 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#60.10.1 Grusonia emoryi (Engelm.) Pinkava in J. Arizona-Nevada Acad. Sci. 32(1): 50. 1999. Sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003)

Syn.#60.10.1Opuntia emoryi Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 303–304. 1856 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Cactus emoryi (Engelm.) Lem., Cactées: 88. 1868 syn. sec. Pinkava & Parfitt (1988) Corynopuntia emoryi (Engelm.) M.P.Griff. in Haseltonia 9: 91. 2003 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#60.10.2= Opuntia stanlyi Engelm., Not. Milit. Reconn. 2: 157. 1848 syn. sec. TPL (2013) Cylindropuntia stanlyi F.M.Knuth, Nye kaktusbog: 132. 1930 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Corynopuntia stanlyi (Engelm.) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 114. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Grusonia stanlyi (Engelm.) H.Rob. in Phytologia 26: 176. 1973 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Opuntia stanleyi Engelm., Not. Milit. Reconn. 2: 157. 1848 syn. sec. IPNI [is orthographic variant for Opuntia stanlyi Engelm.]

Acc.#60.11.1 Grusonia grahamii (Engelm.) H.Rob. in Phytologia 26(3): 176. 1973. Sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003)

Syn.#60.11.1Opuntia grahamii Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 304. 1856 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Corynopuntia grahamii (Engelm.) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 116. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Opuntia schottii var. grahamii (Engelm.) L.D.Benson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 41(3): 124. 1969 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003)

Syn.#60.11.2= Corynopuntia planibulbispina Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3603. 1962 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#60.12.1 Grusonia guccinii (D.Donati) Bárcenas & H.M.Hern. in Succ. Pl. Res. 8: 194. 2014. Sec. Hernández & al. (2014)

Syn.#60.12.1Corynopuntia guccinii D.Donati in Piante Grasse 30(3): 118. 2010 syn. sec. Hernández & al. (2014)

Acc.#60.13.1 Grusonia halophila (D.Donati) Majure, M.A.Baker & Cloud-H. in Haseltonia 25: 16. 2018. Sec. Baker & Pinkava

Syn.#60.13.1Corynopuntia halophila D.Donati in Pl. Biosystems 152: 394. 2017

Acc.#60.14.1 Grusonia invicta (K.Brandegee) E.F.Anderson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 71(6): 325. 1999. Sec. Hernández & al. (2014)

Syn.#60.14.1Opuntia invicta K.Brandegee in Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. ser. 2, 2: 163. 1889 syn. sec. Hernández & al. (2014) Corynopuntia invicta (K.Brandegee) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 114. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Hernández & al. (2014)

Acc.#60.15.1 Grusonia kunzei (Rose) Pinkava in J. Arizona-Nevada Acad. Sci. 32(1): 50. 1999. Sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003)

Syn.#60.15.1Opuntia kunzei Rose in Smithsonian Misc. Collect. 50(4): 505–506. 1908 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Opuntia stanlyi var. kunzei (Rose) L.D.Benson in Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4, 25: 248. 1944 Corynopuntia stanlyi var. kunzei (Rose) Backeb., Cactaceae 1: 360. 1958 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Corynopuntia kunzei (Rose) M.P.Griff. in Haseltonia 9: 91. 2003 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#60.15.2= Opuntia stanlyi var. peeblesiana L.D.Benson, Cacti Ariz., ed. 3: 20, 64, f. 1.42. 1969 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003)

Acc.#60.16.1 Grusonia marenae (S.H.Parsons) E.F.Anderson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 71(6): 325. 1999. Sec. Hernández & al. (2014)

Syn.#60.16.1Opuntia marenae S.H.Parsons in Desert Pl. Life 8: 10. 1936 syn. sec. Hernández & al. (2014) Marenopuntia marenae (S.H.Parsons) Backeb. in Desert Pl. Life 22: 27. 1950 syn. sec. Hernández & al. (2014) Pterocactus marenae (S.H.Parsons) G.D.Rowley in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 13: 4. 1958 syn. sec. Tropicos Corynopuntia marenae (S.H.Parsons) M.P.Griff. in Haseltonia 9: 91. 2003 syn. sec. Hernández & al. (2014)

Acc.#60.17.1 Grusonia moelleri (A.Berger) E.F.Anderson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 71(6): 325. 1999. Sec. Hernández & al. (2014)

Syn.#60.17.1Opuntia moelleri A.Berger, Kakteen: 57. 1929 syn. sec. Hernández & al. (2014) Corynopuntia moelleri (A.Berger) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 115. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Hernández & al. (2014)

Acc.#60.18.1 Grusonia parishii (Orcutt) Pinkava in J. Arizona-Nevada Acad. Sci. 32(1): 50. 1999. Sec. Pinkava (2003)

Syn.#60.18.1Opuntia parishii Orcutt in W. Amer. Sci. 10(81): 1. 1896 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Corynopuntia parishii (Orcutt) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 115. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Opuntia stanlyi var. parishii (Orcutt) L.D.Benson, Cacti Ariz., ed. 2: 39. 1950 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Corynopuntia stanlyi var. parishii (Orcutt) Backeb., Cactaceae 1: 361. 1958 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Opuntia parishiorum Orcutt ex Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 1: 81. 1919 syn. sec. Majure (2021) [is orthographic variant for Opuntia parishii Orcutt] Corynopuntia parishiorum (Orcutt) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 115. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Majure (2021) [is orthographic variant for Corynopuntia parishii (Orcutt) F.M.Knuth] Opuntia stanlyi var. parishiorum (Orcutt ex Britton & Rose) L.D.Benson, Cacti Ariz., ed. 2: 39. 1950 syn. sec. Majure (2021) [is orthographic variant for Opuntia stanlyi var. parishii (Orcutt) L.D.Benson] Grusonia parishiorum (Orcutt ex Britton & Rose) Pinkava, Intermount. Fl. 2(A): 644. 2012 syn. sec. Majure (2021) [is orthographic variant for Grusonia parishii (Orcutt) Pinkava]

Acc.#60.19.1 Grusonia reflexispina (Wiggins & Rollins) E.F.Anderson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 71(6): 325. 1999. Sec. Hernández & al. (2014)

Syn.#60.19.1Opuntia reflexispina Wiggins & Rollins in Contr. Dudley Herb. 3(8): 275–277, t. 59, f. 1–2. 1943 syn. sec. Hernández & al. (2014) Corynopuntia reflexispina (Wiggins & Rollins) Backeb., Cactaceae 1: 365. 1958 syn. sec. Hernández & al. (2014)

Acc.#60.20.1 Grusonia robertsii Rebman in Madroño 53: 278. 2006. Sec. Hernández & al. (2014)

Syn.#60.20.1Corynopuntia robertsii (Rebman) Bulot & Solichon in Cact. Succ. 1(2): 65. 2009 syn. sec. Hernández & al. (2014)

Acc.#60.21.1 Grusonia schottii (Engelm.) H.Rob. in Phytologia 26(3): 176. 1973. Sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003)

Syn.#60.21.1Opuntia schottii Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 304. 1856 syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003) Cylindropuntia schottii (Engelm.) F.M.Knuth, Nye kaktusbog: 132. 1930 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Corynopuntia schottii (Engelm.) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 114. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Parfitt & Gibson (2003)

Acc.#60.22.1 Grusonia vilis (Rose) H.Rob. in Phytologia 26(3): 176. 1973. Sec. Hernández & al. (2014)

Syn.#60.22.1Opuntia vilis Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12(7): 293, t. 27, t. 36. 1909 syn. sec. Hernández & al. (2014) Corynopuntia vilis (Rose) F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 115. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Hernández & al. (2014)

Syn.#60.22.2= Corynopuntia vilis var. bernhardinii Backeb., Cactaceae 6: 3601. 1962 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#60.23.1 Grusonia wrightiana E.M.Baxter, Calif. Cactus: 58. 1935. Sec. Felger & al. (2014)

Syn.#60.23.1Opuntia wrightiana (E.M.Baxter) Peebles, Desert Pl. Life 9: 45. 1937 syn. sec. Felger & al. (2014) Opuntia stanlyi var. wrightiana (E.M.Baxter) L.D.Benson in Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4, 25: 248. 1944 syn. sec. Felger & al. (2014) Opuntia kunzei var. wrightiana (E.M.Baxter) Peebles in Leafl. W. Bot. 5(12): 192. 1949 syn. sec. Felger & al. (2014) Corynopuntia stanlyi var. wrightiana (E.M.Baxter) Backeb., Cactaceae 1: 360. 1958 syn. sec. Felger & al. (2014)

Acc.#61. Gymnocalycium Pfeiff. ex Mittler, Taschenb. Cactuslieb. 2: 124. 1844. Sec. Demaio & al. (2011) Type: Gymnocalycium gibbosum (Haw.) Pfeiff. ex Mittler

Syn.#61.g1= Brachycalycium Backeb. in Cactaceae (Berlin) 1941(2): 76. 1942 syn. sec. Demaio & al. (2011). Type: Brachycalycium tilcarense Backeb.

Notes. – Phylogenetics: Found as monophyletic at first by Ritz & al. (2007), then studied in more detail and confirmed as monophyletic by Meregalli & al. (2010). Taxonomy: Demaio & al. (2011) conducted the most detailed phylogenetic study by sampling almost the whole genus and again confirmed the monophyly of Gymnocalycium with maximal support. Several infrageneric classifications have been proposed, based mainly on size, form and surface characters of the seeds, but corresponding with flowers and fruits characters, too (see Demaio & al. 2011 for an overview). Seven subgenera have been accepted by Demaio & al. (2011). The type bearing subgenus (Gymnocalycium subg. Gymnocalycium) represents the most recent clade within the genus. Many of the “new” taxa described in the last two decades belong to this subgenus. Distinction of the taxa belonging to it based on morphological or molecular data is often almost impossible, which may reflect a rapid and recent radiation (Demaio & al. 2011, Řepka & Mracek 2012). There is evidence for different ploidy levels and hybridization (Řepka 2015), but the taxonomy of this subgenus remains poorly understood. [Metzing (2021)] Key literature: Illustrated synopsis by Charles (2009). Nomenclature: Published as "Gymnocalicium". A nomenclatural checklist of names prior to 1995 was provided by Metzing & al. (1995).

Acc.#61.1.1 Gymnocalycium alboareolatum Rausch in Succulenta (Netherlands) 64: 213. 1985. Sec. Demaio & al. (2011)

Syn.#61.1.2= Gymnocalycium alboareolatum var. ramosum Rausch in Gymnocalycium 3: 31. 1990 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#61.2.1 Gymnocalycium amerhauseri H.Till in Gymnocalycium 7(3): 133. 1994. Sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.2.2= Gymnocalycium walteri H.Till in Gymnocalycium 16: 543. 2003 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Gymnocalycium parvulum var. walteri (H.Till) Milt in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 25: 116. 2015 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.2.3= Gymnocalycium amerhauseri subsp. altagraciense H.Till & Amerh. in Gymnocalycium 20: 735. 2007 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Acc.#61.3.1 Gymnocalycium andreae (Boed.) Backeb. & F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 285. 1936 ["1935"]. Sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.3.1Echinocactus andreae Boed. in Monatsschr. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 2: 210. 1930 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.3.2= Gymnocalycium andreae var. grandiflorum Krainz, Kakteen 4: CVIe. 1957 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.3.3= Gymnocalycium andreae subsp. matznetteri Rausch in Gymnocalycium 13: 379. 2000 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.3.4= Gymnocalycium andreae var. fechseri H.Till in Gymnocalycium 13: 378. 2000 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.3.5= Gymnocalycium andreae var. longispinum Rausch in Gymnocalycium 13: 378. 2000 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.3.6= Gymnocalycium andreae subsp. pabloi Neuhuber in Gymnocalycium 24: 985. 2011 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#61.4.1 Gymnocalycium angelae Mereg. in Kakteen And. Sukk. 49: 287. 1998. Sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.4.1Gymnocalycium denudatum subsp. angelae (Mereg.) Prestlé in Gymnocalycium 17: 577. 2004 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Acc.#61.5.1 Gymnocalycium anisitsii (K.Schum.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 159–161, f. 168. 1922. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#61.5.1Echinocactus anisitsii K.Schum., Blüh. Kakteen 1: t. 4. 1900 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#61.5.2= Echinocactus damsii K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt., Nachtr. 1: 119. 1903 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Gymnocalycium damsii (K.Schum.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 163. 1922 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Gymnocalycium anisitsii subsp. damsii (K.Schum.) G.J.Charles in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 20: 17. 2005 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#61.5.3= Gymnocalycium damsii var. torulosum Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 6. 1963 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Gymnocalycium damsii var. torulosum Backeb. ex H.Till & Amerh. in Gymnocalycium 17: 553. 2004 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#61.5.4= Gymnocalycium damsii var. tucavocense Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 6. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.5.5= Gymnocalycium griseopallidum Backeb., Kakteenlex.: 167. 1966 syn. sec. Metzing (2021) Gymnocalycium anisitsii var. griseopallidum H.Till & Amerh. in Gymnocalycium 16: 529. 2003 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#61.5.6= Gymnocalycium damsii var. multiproliferum P.J.Braun in Kakteen And. Sukk. 42: 230. 1991 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Gymnocalycium anisitsii subsp. multiproliferum (P.J.Braun) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Succulenta (Netherlands) 74: 131. 1995 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.5.7= Gymnocalycium anisitsii var. pseudomalacocarpus Backeb. ex H.Till & Amerh. in Gymnocalycium 16: 531. 2003 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#61.5.8= Gymnocalycium anisitsii subsp. volkeri Amerh. in Gymnocalycium 17: 559. 2004 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#61.5.9= Gymnocalycium anisitsii var. tucavocense Backeb. ex H.Till & Amerh. in Gymnocalycium 17: 559. 2004 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#61.5.10= Gymnocalycium damsii subsp. evae Halda, Horáček & Milt in Gymnocalycium 17: 551. 2004 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#61.5.11= Gymnocalycium damsii var. boosii Amerh. in Gymnocalycium 17: 554. 2004 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#61.5.12= Gymnocalycium marekiorum Milt in Cactaceae etc. 27(4): 133. 2017 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.5.13= Gymnocalycium ponomarevae V.Gapon & Neuhuber in Cact. Explor. 18: 51. 2017 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.5.14= Gymnocalycium anisitsii subsp. anisitsii syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#61.5.15= Gymnocalycium damsii var. centrispinum Backeb. ex H.Till & Amerh. in Gymnocalycium 17: 555. 2004 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Gymnocalycium damsii var. centrispinum Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 6. 1963, nom. inval. syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.5.16= Gymnocalycium damsii var. rotundulum Backeb. ex H.Till & Amerh. in Gymnocalycium 17: 556. 2004 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Gymnocalycium damsii var. rotundulum Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 6. 1963, nom. inval. syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Acc.#61.6.1 Gymnocalycium baldianum (Speg.) Speg. in Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 99: 135. 1925. Sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.6.1Echinocactus baldianus Speg. in Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, ser. 3, 4: 505. 1905 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.6.2= Echinocactus sanguiniflorus Werderm. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 30: 56. 1932 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium sanguiniflorum (Werderm.) Werderm. in Kakteen And. Sukk. 1: 79. 1937 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium baldianum subsp. sanguiniflorum (Werderm.) C.A.L.Bercht in Succulenta (Netherlands) 88: 59. 2009 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.6.3= Gymnocalycium venturianum Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1934(9): 1. 1934 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.6.4= Gymnocalycium baldianum var. albiflorum C.A.L.Bercht in Gymnos 11(21): 6. 1994 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.6.5= Gymnocalycium raineri H.Till in Gymnocalycium 20: 722. 2007 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium baldianum var. raineri (H.Till) Milt in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 25: 116. 2015 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.6.6= Gymnocalycium marianae Perea, O.Ferrari, Las Peñas & R.Kiesling in Kakteen And. Sukk. 60: 36. 2009 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.6.7= Gymnocalycium schreiteri H.Till in Gymnocalycium 22: 854. 2009 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Gymnocalycium baldianum var. schreiteri (H.Till) Milt in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 25: 116. 2015 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#61.7.1 Gymnocalycium bayrianum H.Till in Kakteen And. Sukk. 38(8): 191. 1987. Sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.7.1Gymnocalycium spegazzinii subsp. bayrianum (H.Till) Halda in Cactaceae etc. 9(3): 84. 1999 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Acc.#61.8.1 Gymnocalycium berchtii Neuhuber in Gymnocalycium 10(3): 219. 1997. Sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.8.2= Echinocactus platensis var. terweemeanus Teucq ex Duursma in Succulenta (Netherlands) 12(7): 137. 1930 syn. sec. Demaio & al. (2011) Gymnocalycium terweemeanum (Teucq ex Duursma) Borgmann & Piltz in Gymnos 13: 47. 1997 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Gymnocalycium quehlianum var. terweemeanum (Teucq ex Duursma) H.Till & Amerh. in Gymnocalycium 20: 730. 2007 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.8.3= Gymnocalycium poeschlii Neuhuber in Gymnocalycium 12: 297. 1999 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#61.8.4= Gymnocalycium nataliae Neuhuber in Gymnocalycium 18: 635. 2005 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Gymnocalycium berchtii var. nataliae (Neuhuber) Milt in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 25: 116. 2015 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.8.5= Gymnocalycium morroense Kulhánek, Řepka & J.Proch. in Gymnocalycium 23: 948. 2010 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#61.9.1 Gymnocalycium bodenbenderianum (Hosseus) A.Berger, Kakteen: 221, 341. 1929. Sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.9.1Echinocactus bodenbenderianus Hosseus ex A.Berger, Kakteen: 221, 337, 339. 1929 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.9.2= Gymnocalycium triacanthum Backeb., Cactaceae 3: 1730. 1959 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#61.9.3= Gymnocalycium asterium var. paucispinum Backeb., Kakteenlex.: 164. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Gymnocalycium stellatum var. paucispinum (Backeb.) R.Strong in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 30: 50. 1975 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Gymnocalycium paucispinum (Backeb. ex H.Till & W.Till) H.Till in Gymnocalycium 21 (Sonderausgabe): 816. 2008 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.9.4= Gymnocalycium kozelskyanum Schütz in Kaktusy (Brno) 2(Duben): 47. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.9.5= Gymnocalycium piltziorum Schütz in Kakteen And. Sukk. 33: 145. 1982 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.9.6= Gymnocalycium riojense Frič ex H.Till & W.Till in Gymnocalycium 4: 48. 1991 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.9.7= Gymnocalycium riojense subsp. kozelskyanum Schütz ex H.Till & W.Till in Gymnocalycium 4: 52. 1991 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.9.8= Gymnocalycium riojense subsp. paucispinum Backeb. ex H.Till & W.Till in Gymnocalycium 4: 55. 1991 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.9.9= Gymnocalycium riojense subsp. piltziorum Schütz ex H.Till & W.Till in Gymnocalycium 4: 51. 1991 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.9.10= Gymnocalycium riojense var. guasayanense Strigl in Gymnocalycium 4: 57. 1991 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Gymnocalycium riojense subsp. guasayanense (Strigl) H.Till in Gymnocalycium 21 (Sonderausgabe): 816. 2008 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.9.11= Gymnocalycium riojense var. guthianum H.Till & W.Till in Gymnocalycium 4: 49. 1991 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.9.12= Gymnocalycium riojense var. mirandaense H.Till & W.Till in Gymnocalycium 4: 53. 1991 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.9.13= Gymnocalycium riojense var. pipanacoense H.Till & W.Till in Gymnocalycium 4: 50. 1991 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.9.14= Gymnocalycium riojense var. platygonum Schütz ex H.Till & W.Till in Gymnocalycium 4: 56. 1991 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Gymnocalycium platygonum (H.Till & W.Till) Pilbeam, Gymnocalycium: Coll. Guide: 123. 1995, nom. illeg. syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#61.9.15= Gymnocalycium riojense var. sanjuanense H.Till & W.Till in Gymnocalycium 4: 54. 1991 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.9.16= Gymnocalycium stellatum subsp. occultum Frič ex H.Till & W.Till in Gymnocalycium 9: 176. 1996 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium occultum Frič ex Schütz in Friciana 7: 4. 1962, nom. illeg. syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium occultum (Frič ex H.Till & W.Till) H.Till in Gymnocalycium 21 (Sonderausgabe): 816. 2008 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.9.17= Gymnocalycium riojense subsp. vertongenii Amerh. in Gymnocalycium 22: 857. 2009 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.9.18= Gymnocalycium basiatrum F.Berger, Amerh. & Sedlmeier in Gymnocalycium 27: 1134. 2014 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Acc.#61.10.1 Gymnocalycium bruchii (Speg.) Hosseus in Revista Centro Estud. Farm. reimpr. 2(6): 16, 22. 1926. Sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.10.1Frailea bruchii Speg. in Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 96: 73. 1923 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Astrophytum bruchii (Speg.) Halda & Malina in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 12(1): 12. 2005

Syn.#61.10.2= Gymnocalycium lafaldense Vaupel in Z. Sukkulentenk. 1: 192. 1924 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Echinocactus lafaldensis (Vaupel) A.Berger, Kakteen: 227. 1929 syn. sec. Tropicos Gymnocalycium bruchii subsp. lafaldense (Vaupel) Neuhuber in Gymnocalycium 16: 502. 2003 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.10.3= Gymnocalycium bruchii f. cristata Hosseus in Revista Centro Estud. Farm. reimpr. 2(6): 24. 1926 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#61.10.4= Gymnocalycium albispinum Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 285. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium lafaldense f. albispinum (Backeb.) Oehme in Cactaceae (Berlin) 1941(1): 30. 1941 syn. sec. WFO 2019 Gymnocalycium bruchii var. albispinum (Backeb.) Milt in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 25: 116. 2015 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.10.5= Gymnocalycium lafaldense f. deviatum Oehme in Cactaceae (Berlin) 1941(1): 31. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.10.6= Gymnocalycium lafaldense f. enorme Oehme in Cactaceae (Berlin) 1941(1): 31. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.10.7= Gymnocalycium lafaldense f. evolvens Oehme in Cactaceae (Berlin) 1941(1): 31. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.10.8= Gymnocalycium lafaldense f. fraternum Oehme in Cactaceae (Berlin) 1941(1): 31. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.10.9= Gymnocalycium bruchii var. brigittae Piltz in Succulenta (Netherlands) 66: 213. 1987 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Gymnocalycium bruchii subsp. brigittae (Piltz) Papsch in Schütziana 4: 24. 2013 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.10.10= Gymnocalycium bruchii var. niveum Rausch in Succulenta (Netherlands) 68: 180. 1989 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.10.11= Gymnocalycium andreae f. svecianum Pazout ex W.Till in Gymnocalycium 5: 66. 1992 syn. sec. WFO 2019 Gymnocalycium bruchii f. svecianum (Pazout ex W.Till) Neuhuber in Gymnocalycium 22: 847. 2009 syn. sec. WFO 2019 Gymnocalycium andreae var. svecianum Pazout in Kaktusy: 132. 1960, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.10.12= Gymnocalycium bruchii subsp. pawlovskyi Neuhuber in Gymnocalycium 16: 503. 2003 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.10.13= Gymnocalycium bruchii subsp. susannae Neuhuber in Gymnocalycium 16: 509. 2003 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.10.14= Gymnocalycium bruchii var. glaucum Neuhuber in Gymnocalycium 16: 506. 2003 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.10.15= Gymnocalycium bruchii subsp. atroviride Neuhuber in Gymnocalycium 7: 873. 2009 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.10.16= Gymnocalycium bruchii subsp. cumbresitense Neuhuber in Gymnocalycium 22: 843. 2009 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.10.17= Gymnocalycium bruchii subsp. elegans Neuhuber in Gymnocalycium 7: 869. 2009 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.10.18= Gymnocalycium bruchii subsp. implexum Neuhuber in Gymnocalycium 7: 870. 2009 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.10.19= Gymnocalycium bruchii subsp. lacumbrense Neuhuber in Gymnocalycium 22: 839. 2009 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.10.20= Gymnocalycium bruchii subsp. melojeri Neuhuber in Gymnocalycium 22: 844. 2009 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.10.21= Gymnocalycium bruchii subsp. multicostatum Neuhuber in Gymnocalycium 7: 871. 2009 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.10.22= Gymnocalycium bruchii subsp. renatae Neuhuber in Gymnocalycium 22: 843. 2009 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.10.23= Gymnocalycium bruchii subsp. shimadae Neuhuber in Gymnocalycium 22: 841. 2009 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.10.24= Gymnocalycium bruchii var. rubroalabastrum Neuhuber in Gymnocalycium 22: 845. 2009 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.10.25= Gymnocalycium gertii V.Gapon & Schelkun. in Gymnocalycium 24: 994. 2011 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.10.26= Gymnocalycium carolinense subsp. fedjukinii V.Gapon & Neuhuber in Gymnocalycium 25: 1054. 2012 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.10.27= Gymnocalycium carolinense subsp. ludwigii Neuhuber in Gymnocalycium 25: 1009. 2012 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Gymnocalycium bruchii subsp. ludwigii (Neuhuber) Papsch in Schütziana 4: 24. 2013 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.10.28= Gymnocalycium carolinense var. eltrebolense Neuhuber in Gymnocalycium 25: 1010. 2012 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.10.29= Gymnocalycium meregallii C.A.L.Bercht in Schütziana 3: 6. 2012 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.10.30= Gymnocalycium bruchii subsp. deminii V.Gapon & Neuhuber, Cacti Year-Round 2016(2): 6. 2016 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.10.31= Gymnocalycium gertii subsp. evelyniae Neuhuber & V.Gapon in Kaktus Klub, n. s., 1(1): 28. 2017 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.10.32Gymnocalycium bruchii var. hossei Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 286-287. 1936 ["1935"], nom. inval. syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium lafaldense f. hossei (Backeb.) Oehme in Cactaceae (Berlin) 1941(1): 29. 1941, nom. inval. syn. sec. WFO 2019 Gymnocalycium bruchii var. hossei Backeb., Cactaceae 3: 1698–1700. 1959, nom. inval. syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Notes. – The basionym of Gymnocalycium lafaldense var. bossei (Backeb.) Oehme was not validly published (ICN Art. 39.1). [Metzing (2021)]

Acc.#61.11.1 Gymnocalycium cabreraense Schädlich, Bercht & Melojer in Schütziana 9(2): 8. 2018. Sec. Metzing (2021)

Acc.#61.12.1 Gymnocalycium calochlorum (Boed.) Y.Itô, Cacti, ed. 2: 90. 1952. Sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.12.1Echinocactus calochlorus Boed. in Monatsschr. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 4: 260. 1932 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium proliferum var. calochlorum (Boed.) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 295. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Gymnocalycium quehlianum var. calochlorum (Boed.) H.Till & Amerh. in Gymnocalycium 20: 729. 2007 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.12.2= Echinocactus prolifer Backeb. in Kakteen-Freund 1: 132. 1932 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium proliferum (Backeb.) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 294. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium calochlorum var. proliferum (Backeb.) Backeb., Cactaceae 3: 1718. 1959

Syn.#61.12.3= Gymnocalycium parvulum var. amoenum H.Till in Gymnocalycium 7: 125. 1994 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium amoenum (H.Till) J.G.Lamb. in Succulenta (Netherlands) 81: 230. 2002 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium parvulum subsp. amoenum (H.Till) F.Berger in Gymnocalycium 21: 766. 2008 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.12.4= Gymnocalycium parvulum subsp. huettneri F.Berger in Gymnocalycium 21: 763. 2008 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.12.5= Gymnocalycium parvulum subsp. agnesiae F.Berger in Gymnocalycium 23: 957. 2010 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#61.13.1 Gymnocalycium capillense (Schick) Hosseus in Revista Cent. Estud. Farm. Cordoba 2(6): 16, 22. 1926. Sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.13.1Echinocactus capillensis Schick in Möller's Deutsche Gärt.-Zeitung 38: 201. 1923 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Echinocactus capillaense Schick syn. sec. TPL (2013) [is misspelling for Echinocactus capillensis Schick]

Syn.#61.13.2= Echinocactus sigelianus Schick in Möller's Deutsche Gärt.-Zeitung 38(26): 201. 1923 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium sigelianum (Schick) Hosseus in Revista Centro Estud. Farm. reimpr. 2(6): 16. 1926 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium capillense var. sigelianum (Schick) H.Till in Gymnocalycium 16: 497. 2003 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.13.3= Echinocactus sutterianus Schick in Möller's Deutsche Gärtn.-Zeitung 38: 201. 1923 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium sutterianum (Schick) Hosseus in Revista Centro Estud. Farm. reimpr. 2(6): 16. 1926 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.13.4= Gymnocalycium mucidum Oehme in Kakteen And. Sukk. 1: 197. 1937 syn. sec. Metzing (2021) Gymnocalycium capillense var. mucidum (Oehme) H.Till in Gymnocalycium 16: 498. 2003 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.13.5= Gymnocalycium deeszianum Dölz in Kakteenkunde 1943: 54. 1943 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.13.6= Gymnocalycium poeschlii subsp. dolezalii Halda & Milt in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 14(4): 101. 2007 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Gymnocalycium sutterianum subsp. dolezalii (Halda & Milt) Řepka in Novon 24: 277. 2015 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.13.7= Gymnocalycium sutterianum subsp. arachnispinum Řepka in Novon 24: 274. 2015 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.13.8= Gymnocalycium sanluisense Neuhuber in Kaktus-Klub, n.s. 2(2): 15. 2018 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.13.9= Gymnocalycium sutterianum subsp. tetraploideum Řepka in Gymnocalycium 31: 1263. 2018 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Notes. – The spelling „capillensis“ is said to have been a typographical error (instead of “capillaensis”) and was corrected at the author's request by Oehme (1937, 1938; see Metzing & al. 1995). [Metzing (2021)]

Acc.#61.14.1 Gymnocalycium carolinense (Neuhuber) Neuhuber in Gymnocalycium 18: 639. 2005. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#61.14.1Gymnocalycium andreae subsp. carolinense Neuhuber in Gymnocalycium 7: 129. 1994 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium bruchii subsp. carolinense (Neuhuber) Papsch in Schütziana 4: 24. 2013 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#61.15.1 Gymnocalycium castellanosii Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 287, 416. 1936 ["1935"]. Sec. Charles (2009)

Acc.#61.16.1 Gymnocalycium castellanosii subsp. acorrugatum (J.G.Lamb.) R.Kiesling & Metzing, Fl. San Juan 2: 178. 2003. Sec. Demaio & al. (2011)

Syn.#61.16.1Gymnocalycium acorrugatum J.G.Lamb. in Succulenta (Netherlands) 67: 4, fig. 1988

Acc.#61.17.1 Gymnocalycium castellanosii subsp. castellanosii. Sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.17.2= Gymnocalycium bozsingianum Schütz in Kaktusy (Brno) 13: 124. 1977 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium castellanosii var. bozsingianum (Schütz) Piltz in Gymnos 9(18): 43. 1993 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium castellanosii subsp. bozsingianum (Schütz) Amerh. & H.Till in Gymnocalycium 19: 675. 2006 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.17.3= Gymnocalycium castellanosii var. armillatum Piltz in Gymnos 9(18): 48. 1993 Gymnocalycium castellanosii subsp. armillatum (Piltz) Papsch in Cactus & Co. 12: 200. 2008 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.17.4= Gymnocalycium castellanosii var. rigidum H.Till in Gymnocalycium 19: 670. 2006 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.17.5= Gymnocalycium castellanosii var. spinosior Milt in Cactaceae etc. 30: 46. 2020 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Acc.#61.18.1 Gymnocalycium castellanosii subsp. ferocior (Backeb. ex H.Till & Amerh.) G.J.Charles in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 20: 18. 2005. Sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.18.1Gymnocalycium mostii subsp. ferocior Backeb. ex H.Till & Amerh. in Gymnocalycium 15: 435. 2002 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.18.2Gymnocalycium hybopleurum var. breviflorum Backeb., Kakteenlex.: 168. 1966, nom. inval. syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.18.3Gymnocalycium hybopleurum var. centrispinum Backeb., Kakteenlex.: 168. 1966, nom. inval. syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.18.4Gymnocalycium hybopleurum var. ferocior Backeb., Kakteenlex.: 168. 1966, nom. inval. syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.18.5Gymnocalycium hybopleurum var. ferox Backeb., Kakteenlex.: 168. 1966, nom. inval. syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Gymnocalycium ferox (Backeb.) Slaba in Kaktusy (Brno) 20: 80. 1984, nom. inval. syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Acc.#61.19.1 Gymnocalycium chacoense Amerh., Gymnocalycium 12(4): 302. 1999. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Acc.#61.20.1 Gymnocalycium chiquitanum Cárdenas in Cactus (Paris) 78: 95. 1963. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#61.20.2= Gymnocalycium hammerschmidii Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 7. 1963 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Gymnocalycium chiquitanum var. hammerschmidii (Backeb.) H.Till in Gymnocalycium 21 (Sonderausgabe): 816. 2008 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Acc.#61.21.1 Gymnocalycium denudatum (Link & Otto) Pfeiff. ex Mittler, Taschenb. Cactuslieb. 2: 124. 1844. Sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.21.1Echinocactus denudatus Link & Otto, Icon. Pl. Rar.: 17. 1828 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Cereus denudatus (Link & Otto) Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 73. 1837 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.21.2= Echinocactus denudatus var. intermedius Hildm. in Gart.-Zeitung (Berlin) 4: 479. 1885 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus intermedius (Hildm.) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 186. 1907 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.21.3= Echinocactus denudatus var. octogonus K.Schum., Fl. Bras. 4(2): 248. 1890 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus denudatus f. octogonus (K.Schum.) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 190. 1907 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#61.21.4= Echinocactus denudatus var. delaetianus F.Haage in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 8: 36. 1898 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922) Echinocactus denudatus f. delaetianus (F.Haage) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 189. 1907 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#61.21.5= Echinocactus denudatus var. leheideliana F.Haage in Cact. J. (London) 1: 90. 1898 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#61.21.6= Echinocactus megalothelon Sencke ex K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 415. 1898 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium megalothelon (Sencke ex K.Schum.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 162. 1922 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.21.7= Gymnocalycium denudatum subsp. necopinum Prestlé in Gymnocalycium 17: 575. 2004 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.21.8= Gymnocalycium megalothelon subsp. prestleanum H.Till in Gymnocalycium 18: 625. 2005 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.21.9Echinocactus denudatus var. typica K.Schum., Fl. Bras. 4(2): 248. 1890, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#61.22.1 Gymnocalycium erinaceum J.G.Lamb. in Succulenta (Netherlands) 64(3): 66. 1985. Sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.22.2= Gymnocalycium erinaceum var. paucisquamosum Piltz in Gymnos 11(21): 14. 1994 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.22.3= Gymnocalycium gaponii Neuhuber in Gymnocalycium 14: 410. 2001 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Gymnocalycium capillense var. gaponii (Neuhuber) Milt in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 25: 116. 2015 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.22.4= Gymnocalycium papschii H.Till in Gymnocalycium 14: 407. 2001 syn. sec. Metzing (2021) Gymnocalycium bruchii var. papschii (H.Till) Milt in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 25: 116. 2015 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.22.5= Gymnocalycium gaponii subsp. geyeri Neuhuber & V.Gapon in Gymnocalycium 21: 752. 2008 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.22.6= Gymnocalycium pinalii Mereg. & Kulhánek in Schütziana 7: 4. 2016 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.22.7= Gymnocalycium gaponii subsp. macrocarpum Řepka in Gymnocalycium 32: 1306. 2019 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Acc.#61.23.1 Gymnocalycium esperanzae Řepka & Kulhánek in Schütziana 2(3): 4 (3-21; figs.). 2011. Sec. Demaio & al. (2011)

Notes. – This species is supposed to be of hybrid origin (Řepka & Mracek 2012). [Metzing (2021)]

Acc.#61.24.1 Gymnocalycium eurypleurum Plesnik ex F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 268. 1979. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#61.24.1Gymnocalycium eurypleurum F.Ritter ex Plesnik in Kaktusy 8: 70-72. 1972, nom. inval. syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Acc.#61.25.1 Gymnocalycium fischeri Halda, Kupčák, Lukašik & Sladk. in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 9: 60. 2002. Sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.25.2= Gymnocalycium miltii Halda, Kupčák, Lukašik & Sladk. in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 9: 64. 2002 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.25.3= Gymnocalycium fischeri subsp. suyuquense F.Berger in Gymnocalycium 16: 539. 2003 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Acc.#61.26.1 Gymnocalycium friedrichii (Werderm.) Pazout in Friciana IV 23: 3. 1964. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#61.26.1Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. friedrichii Werderm. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Sonderbeih. C 29: t. 113. 1936 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#61.26.2= Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. piraretaense Pazout in Kaktusář. Listy 16: 195. 1951 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.26.3= Gymnocalycium stenopleurum F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 265–266, f. 19. 1979 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Gymnocalycium friedrichii subsp. stenopleurum (F.Ritter) Schädlich in Schütziana 7: 25. 2016

Syn.#61.26.4= Gymnocalycium friedrichii subsp. tumaemulticostatum Milt in Cactaceae etc. 28: 7. 2018 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.26.5= Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. angustostriatum Pazout in Friciana 1(7): 3. 1962 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Gymnocalycium friedrichii var. angustostriatum Pazout ex Milt in Cactaceae etc. 26: 61. 2016, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#61.27.1 Gymnocalycium gibbosum (Haw.) Pfeiff. ex Mittler, Taschenb. Cactuslieb. 2: 124. 1844. Sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.27.1Cactus gibbosus Haw., Syn. Pl. Succ.: 173. 1812 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Cereus gibbosus (Haw.) Sweet, Hort. Brit.: 171. 1826 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus gibbosus (Haw.) DC., Prodr. 3: 461. 1828 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Cereus gibbosus (Haw.) Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 74. 1837, nom. illeg. syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.27.2= Echinocactus gibbosus var. celsianus Labour. ex Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 583. 1885 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#61.27.3Echinocactus celsianus Labour. ex K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 409. 1898 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#61.27.4= Echinocactus gibbosus var. pluricostatus C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 584. 1886 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.27.5= Echinocactus gibbosus var. schlumbergeri Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 584. 1886 syn. sec. Tropicos Echinocactus gibbosus f. schlumbergeri (Rümpler) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 186. 1907 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#61.27.6= Echinocactus gibbosus var. leonensis Hildm. ex K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 409. 1898 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus gibbosus f. leonensis (Hildm. ex K.Schum.) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 186. 1907 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#61.27.7= Echinocactus gibbosus var. polygonus K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 409. 1898 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#61.27.8= Echinocactus gibbosus var. schlumbergeri K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 408. 1898, nom. illeg. syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.27.9= Echinocactus gibbosus var. cerebriformis Speg. in Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 48: 50. 1899 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922) Gymnocalycium gibbosum var. cerebriformis Speg. in Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 48: 50. 1899 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Gymnocalycium gibbosum f. cerebriforme (Speg.) Papsch in Gymnocalycium 9: 201. 1996 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.27.10= Echinocactus gibbosus var. chubutensis Speg. in Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 7: 285. 1902 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#61.27.11Gymnocalycium chubutense (Speg.) Speg. in Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 99: 137. 1925 syn. sec. Tropicos Gymnocalycium gibbosum var. chubutense (Speg.) Papsch in Gymnocalycium 9: 201. 1996 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#61.27.12= Echinocactus spegazzinii F.A.C.Weber ex Speg. in Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, ser. 3, 2: 7. 1903 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#61.27.13= Gymnocalycium brachypetalum Speg. in Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 99: 135. 1925 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Echinocactus brachypetalus (Speg.) Werderm. in Backeberg, Neue Kakteen: 89. 1931 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Gymnocalycium gibbosum var. brachypetalum (Speg.) Papsch in Gymnocalycium 9: 201. 1996 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#61.27.14= Gymnocalycium reductum var. leucodictyon (Rümpler) Papsch in Gymnocalycium 10: 230. 1997 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.27.15= Gymnocalycium gibbosum subsp. ferdinandii Halda, Malina & Milt in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 9: 61. 2002 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.27.16= Gymnocalycium gibbosum subsp. gastonii Halda & Milt in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 9: 62. 2002 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.27.17= Gymnocalycium dubniorum Halda & Milt in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 13: 16. 2006 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Gymnocalycium chubutense var. dubniorum (Halda & Milt) H.Till in Gymnocalycium 21 (Sonderausgabe): 816. 2008 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.27.18= Gymnocalycium gibbosum subsp. radovanii Halda & Milt in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 13: 5. 2006 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.27.19= Gymnocalycium striglianum subsp. otmari Halda & Milt in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 14(4): 102. 2007 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.27.20Echinopsis gibbosa Pfeiff. ex C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk.: 291. 1846, nom. inval. syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.27.21Echinocactus leonensis Cels in Schumann, Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 409. 1898, nom. inval. syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.27.22Echinocactus gibbosus var. typica Speg. in Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, ser. 3, 4: 503. 1905, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.27.23Echinocactus platensis var. typica Speg. in Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, ser. 3, 4: 504. 1905, nom. inval. syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#61.27.24Gymnocalycium gibbosum var. nigrum Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 289. 1936 ["1935"], nom. inval. syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Notes. – The combination Echinopsis gibbosa Pfeiff. was only cited as synomym by Förster l. c. (cf. ICN Art. 36.1) [Metzing (2021)]

Acc.#61.28.1 Gymnocalycium gibbosum subsp. borthii (Koop ex H.Till) G.J.Charles in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 20: 18. 2005. Sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.28.1Gymnocalycium borthii Koop ex H.Till in Kakteen And. Sukk. 38(8): 191. 1987 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium borthii Koop in Kakteen And. Sukk. 27(2): 25. 1976, nom. inval.

Syn.#61.28.2= Gymnocalycium striglianum subsp. aeneum Mereg. & Guglielmone in Cactus & Co. 10: 74. 2006 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.28.3= Gymnocalycium borthii subsp. kokori Halda & Milt in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 14(4): 96. 2007 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.28.4= Gymnocalycium borthii subsp. nogolense Neuhuber in Gymnocalycium 20: 701. 2007 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.28.5= Gymnocalycium borthii var. viridis Neuhuber in Gymnocalycium 20: 705. 2007 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#61.29.1 Gymnocalycium gibbosum subsp. gibbosum. Sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.29.2= Echinocactus gibbosus var. ferox Labour. ex Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 583. 1886 syn. sec. Metzing (2021) Echinocactus ferox Spreng. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 4: 193. 1894 syn. sec. Metzing (2021) Echinocactus gibbosus f. ferox (Labour. ex Rümpler) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 186. 1907 syn. sec. Metzing (2021) Gymnocalycium gibbosum subsp. ferox (Labour. ex Rümpler) Papsch in Gymnocalycium 9: 201. 1996 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.29.3= Gymnocalycium gibbosum subsp. radekii Halda & Milt in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 9: 63. 2002 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Acc.#61.30.1 Gymnocalycium glaucum F.Ritter in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 37. 1963. Sec. Demaio & al. (2011)

Syn.#61.30.2= Gymnocalycium glaucum subsp. albertovojtechii Halda & Milt in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 13: 20. 2006 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#61.31.1 Gymnocalycium glaucum subsp. ferrarii (Rausch) G.J.Charles in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 20: 18. 2005. Sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.31.1Gymnocalycium ferrarii Rausch in Kakteen And. Sukk. 32: 7, figs. 1981 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.31.2= Gymnocalycium ferrarii subsp. evae Halda & Milt in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 14(4): 98. 2007 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#61.32.1 Gymnocalycium glaucum subsp. glaucum. Sec. Charles (2009)

Acc.#61.33.1 Gymnocalycium ×heidiae Neuhuber in Gymnocalycium 12: 279. 1999

Syn.#61.33.1Gymnocalycium heidiae Neuhuber

Acc.#61.34.1 Gymnocalycium horstii Buining in Kakteen And. Sukk. 21: 162. 1970. Sec. Charles (2009)

Acc.#61.35.1 Gymnocalycium horstii subsp. buenekeri (Swales) P.J.Braun & Hofacker in Schumannia 3: 188. 2002. Sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.35.1Gymnocalycium buenekeri Swales in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 40(4): 97. 1978 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Gymnocalycium horstii var. buenekeri Buining in Kakteen And. Sukk. 21: 162–165. 1970, nom. inval. syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Acc.#61.36.1 Gymnocalycium horstii subsp. horstii. Sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.36.2= Gymnocalycium horstii subsp. megalanthum Amerh. in Gymnocalycium 21: 800. 2008 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.36.3= Gymnocalycium megalothelon subsp. brasiliense Prestlé in Gymnocalycium 33: 1363. 2020 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Acc.#61.37.1 Gymnocalycium hossei (Haage) A.Berger, Kakteen: 226, 341. 1929. Sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.37.1Echinocactus hossei Haage ex A.Berger, Kakteen: 226. 1929 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.37.2= Echinocactus mazanensis Backeb. in Cact. J. (Croydon) 1: 133. 1932 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium mazanense (Backeb.) Backeb. in Kakteen-Freund 1: 12. 1933 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.37.3= Echinocactus mazanensis var. breviflorus Backeb. in Kakteen-Freund 1: 134. 1932 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Gymnocalycium hossei var. breviflorum (Backeb.) H.Till in Gymnocalycium 21 (Sonderausgabe): 816. 2008 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.37.4= Gymnocalycium nidulans Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 293. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium hossei var. nidulans (Backeb.) H.Till in Gymnocalycium 21 (Sonderausgabe): 816. 2008 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.37.5= Gymnocalycium weissianum Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 296. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.37.6= Gymnocalycium rhodantherum var. cinerascens H.Till in Gymnocalycium 17: 584. 2004 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.37.7Gymnocalycium weissianum var. atroroseum Backeb., Cactaceae 3: 1763. 1959, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#61.38.1 Gymnocalycium hyptiacanthum (Lem.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 156. 1922. Sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.38.1Echinocactus hyptiacanthus Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 21. 1839 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium platense var. hyptiacanthum (Lem.) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 194. 1936 ["1935"] Gymnocalycium gibbosum var. hyptiacanthum (Lem.) Y.Itô, Saboten: 89. 1962 Cactus hyptiacanthus Lem. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 246. 1840 syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Syn.#61.38.2= Echinocactus netrelianus Monv. ex Labour., Monogr. Cact.: 248. 1853 syn. sec. Metzing (2021) Gymnocalycium netrelianum (Monv. ex Labour.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 154. 1922 syn. sec. Metzing (2021) Gymnocalycium leeanum var. netrelianum (Monv. ex Labour.) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 290. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Metzing (2021) Gymnocalycium hyptiacanthum subsp. netrelianum (Monv. ex Labour.) Mereg. in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 24: 22. 2008 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.38.3= Echinocactus melanocarpus Arechav. in Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 5: 220. 1905 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium melanocarpum (Arechav.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 161. 1922 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.38.4= Echinocactus uruguayensis Arechav. in Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 5: 218. 1905 syn. sec. Metzing (2021) Gymnocalycium uruguayense (Arechav.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 162. 1922 syn. sec. Metzing (2021) Gymnocalycium hyptiacanthum subsp. uruguayense (Arechav.) Mereg. in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 24: 24. 2008 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.38.5= Echinocactus guerkeanus Heese in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 21: 132. 1911 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Echinocactus platensis var. guerkeanus (Heese) Speg. in Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, ser. 3, 4: 504. 1905 syn. sec. WFO 2019 Gymnocalycium guerkeanum (Heese) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 154. 1922 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.38.6= Echinocactus uruguayensis f. depressus Osten in Anales Mus. Hist. Nat. Montevideo, ser. 2, 5 (1): 59. 1941 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.38.7= Gymnocalycium artigas Herter in Revista Sudamer. Bot. 10: 1. 1951 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.38.8= Gymnocalycium leeanum var. roseiflorum Y.Itô, Explan. Diagr. Austroechinocactinae: Austroechinocactinae: 293. 1957 syn. sec. Metzing (2021) Gymnocalycium uruguayense var. roseiflorum Y.Itô, Explan. Diagr. Austroechinocactinae: Austroechinocactinae: 293. 1957 syn. sec. Metzing (2021) Gymnocalycium artigas var. roseiflorum (Y.Itô) Milt in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 25: 116. 2015 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.38.9= Gymnocalycium rauschii H.Till & W.Till in Succulenta (Netherlands) 69: 27. 1990 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.38.10= Gymnocalycium denudatum subsp. angulatum Prestlé in Gymnocalycium 17: 573. 2004 syn. sec. Metzing (2021) Gymnocalycium volskyi subsp. angulatum (Prestlé) V.Gapon, Chikin, Ponomareva, Protopopov, B. & Schelkun. in KaktusKlub, n.s. 4(2): 28. 2020 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.38.11= Gymnocalycium hyptiacanthum subsp. callistum Prestlé in Gymnocalycium 33: 1317-1318. 2020 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.38.12= Gymnocalycium hyptiacanthum subsp. rotundatum Prestlé in Gymnocalycium 33: 1316-1318. 2020 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.38.13= Gymnocalycium netrelianum subsp. albidulum Prestlé in Gymnocalycium 33: 1361-1362. 2020 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.38.14= Gymnocalycium netrelianum subsp. blanquilloense Prestlé in Gymnocalycium 33: 1349-1350. 2020 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.38.15= Gymnocalycium netrelianum subsp. stramineum Prestlé in Gymnocalycium 33: 1348-1350. 2020 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.38.16= Gymnocalycium netrelianum subsp. tamborense Prestlé in Gymnocalycium 33: 1348. 2020 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.38.17= Gymnocalycium uruguayense subsp. aureiflorum Prestlé in Gymnocalycium 33: 1356-1358. 2020 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.38.18= Gymnocalycium uruguayense subsp. bernabeense Prestlé in Gymnocalycium 33: 1353-1354. 2020 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.38.19= Gymnocalycium uruguayense subsp. rionegroense Prestlé in Gymnocalycium 33: 1352-1353. 2020 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.38.20= Gymnocalycium uruguayense subsp. schlosserianum Prestlé in Gymnocalycium 33: 1355-1357. 2020 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.38.21= Gymnocalycium uruguayense subsp. topadorum Prestlé in Gymnocalycium 33: 1354-1356. 2020 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.38.22= Gymnocalycium volskyi V.Gapon, Ponomareva, Protopopov, B., Schelkun. & Zaitseva in Kaktus-Klub, n.s. 4(2): 22. 2020 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Acc.#61.39.1 Gymnocalycium kieslingii O.Ferrari in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 57: 244. 1985. Sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.39.2= Gymnocalycium kieslingii f. alboareolatum O.Ferrari in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 57: 246. 1985 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.39.3= Gymnocalycium kieslingii f. castaneum O.Ferrari in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 57: 246. 1985 syn. sec. TPL (2013) Gymnocalycium kieslingii subsp. castaneum (O.Ferrari) Slaba in Kaktusy (Brno) 48: 55. 2012 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.39.4= Gymnocalycium rosae H.Till in Gymnocalycium 6: 160. 1995 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.39.5= Gymnocalycium frankianum Rausch ex H.Till & Amerh. in Gymnocalycium 20: 730. 2007 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium kieslingii subsp. frankianum (Rausch ex H.Till & Amerh.) Slaba in Kaktusy (Brno) 48: 56. 2012

Acc.#61.40.1 Gymnocalycium kroenleinii R.Kiesling, Rausch & O.Ferrari in Kakteen And. Sukk. 51: 316. 2000. Sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.40.2= Gymnocalycium kroenleinii subsp. funettae Mereg. in Schütziana 5: 8. 2014 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#61.41.1 Gymnocalycium kulhanekii Papsch in Schütziana 7: 4. 2016. Sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#61.42.1 Gymnocalycium marsoneri Frič ex Y.Itô, Explan. Diagr. Austroechinocactinae: 293. 1957. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#61.42.1Gymnocalycium delaetii subsp. marsoneri (Frič ex Y.Itô) H.Till & Amerh. in Gymnocalycium 21 (Sonderausgabe): 816. 2008 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#61.43.1 Gymnocalycium marsoneri subsp. marsoneri. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#61.43.2= Gymnocalycium fricianum Plesník in Kakteen And. Sukk. 15: 110. 1964 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Acc.#61.44.1 Gymnocalycium marsoneri subsp. matoense (Buining & Brederoo) P.J.Braun & Esteves in Succulenta (Netherlands) 74(3): 131. 1995. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#61.44.1Gymnocalycium matoense Buining & Brederoo in Kakteen And. Sukk. 26(12): 265. 1975 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Gymnocalycium megatae subsp. matoense (Buining & Brederoo) H.Till in Gymnocalycium 21 (Sonderausgabe): 816. 2008 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#61.44.2= Gymnocalycium onychacanthum Y.Itô, Explan. Diagr. Austroechinocactinae: 292. 1957 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#61.44.3= Gymnocalycium hamatum F.Ritter & Y.Itô in Itô, Cactaceae: 385. 1981 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#61.44.4= Gymnocalycium megatae subsp. zecheri Amerh. in Gymnocalycium 23: 965. 2010 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.44.5= Gymnocalycium megatae var. che-guevarae Milt in Cactaceae etc. 26: 116. 2016 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#61.45.1 Gymnocalycium marsoneri subsp. megatae (Y.Itô) G.J.Charles, Gymnocalycium Habitat Culture: 241. 2009. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#61.45.1Gymnocalycium megatae Y.Itô, Explan. Diagr. Austroechinocactinae: 292. 1957 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.45.2= Gymnocalycium tudae Y.Itô, Explan. Diagr. Austroechinocactinae: 292. 1957 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#61.45.3= Gymnocalycium eytianum Cárdenas in Kakteen And. Sukk. 9(2): 25. 1958 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Gymnocalycium pflanzii var. eytianum (Cárdenas) Donald in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 26: 100. 1971 Gymnocalycium friedrichii subsp. eytianum (Cárdenas) H.Till & Amerh. in Gymnocalycium 21 (Sonderausgabe): 816. 2008, nom. inval.

Syn.#61.45.4= Gymnocalycium pseudomalacocarpum Backeb., Kakteenlex.: 172. 1966 syn. sec. Metzing (2021) Gymnocalycium tudae var. pseudomalacocarpus (Backeb.) Donald in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 26: 100. 1971 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#61.45.5= Gymnocalycium tudae var. bolivianum F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 663. 1980 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#61.45.6= Gymnocalycium anisitsii subsp. holdii Amerh. in Gymnocalycium 16: 531. 2003 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium megatae subsp. holdii (Anerh.) Schädlich in Schütziana 12: 14. 2021 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.45.7= Gymnocalycium itatiquense H.Till & Amerh. in Gymnocalycium 22(4): 894. 2009 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Acc.#61.46.1 Gymnocalycium mendozaense C.A.L.Bercht & Schädlich in Gymnocalycium 28: 1177. 2015. Sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#61.47.1 Gymnocalycium mesopotamicum R.Kiesling in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 42(2): 39. 1980. Sec. Charles (2009)

Acc.#61.48.1 Gymnocalycium mihanovichii (Frič & Gürke) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 153–154, f. 159. 1922. Sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.48.1Echinocactus mihanovichii Frič & Gürke in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 15: 142. 1905 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.48.2= Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. filadelfiense Backeb., Kakteenlex.: 170. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.48.3= Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. albiflorum Pažout ex Milt in Cactaceae etc. 26: 64–66. 2016 syn. sec. Metzing (2021) Gymnocalycium mihanovichii var. albiflorum Pazout in Friciana 3(17): 5. 1963, nom. inval. syn. sec. WFO 2019 Gymnocalycium ×momo V.Gapon & Schelkun. in Kaktus-Klub, n.s. 2(1): 71. 2018. Sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#61.49.1 Gymnocalycium monvillei (Lem.) Pfeiff. ex Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 161, f. 169, 170. 1922. Sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.49.1Echinocactus monvillei Lem., Cact. Aliq. Nov.: 14. 1838 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.49.2= Echinocactus ourselianus Monv. in Herb. Gén. Amat., sér. 2 3(Misc. Bot.): 42-43. 1843 syn. sec. IPNI Gymnocalycium ourselianum (Monv.) Papsch in Schütziana 9: 7. 2018 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.49.3= Echinocactus ourselianus Cels ex Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 34. 1850 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.49.4= Gymnocalycium multiflorum var. albispinum P.Fourn., Cactées Pl. Grasses: 44. 1935 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.49.5= Gymnocalycium multiflorum var. hybopleurum P.Fourn., Cactées Pl. Grasses: 44. 1935 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.49.6= Gymnocalycium multiflorum var. parisiense P.Fourn., Cactées Pl. Grasses: 44. 1935 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.49.7= Gymnocalycium grandiflorum Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 289. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium monvillei var. grandiflorum (Backeb.) H.Till in Gymnocalycium 3: 38. 1990 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.49.8= Gymnocalycium monvillei var. steineri H.Till in Gymnocalycium 3: 39. 1990 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.49.9= Gymnocalycium monvillei f. villamercedense H.Till & Neuhuber in Gymnocalycium 6: 105. 1993 syn. sec. WFO 2019 Gymnocalycium achirasense var. villamercedense (H.Till & Neuhuber) V.Gapon, 11000 km Argentina Kaktusy: 89. 2010 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.49.10= Gymnocalycium monvillei var. coloratum Neuhuber in Gymnocalycium 12: 285. 1999 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.49.11= Gymnocalycium monvillei var. confusa Neuhuber in Gymnocalycium 12: 286. 1999 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.49.12= Gymnocalycium megalothelon var. susannae H.Till in Gymnocalycium 18: 624. 2005 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.49.13= Gymnocalycium multiflorum var. ourselianum H.Till & W.Till in Gymnocalycium 20: 719. 2007 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.49.14= Gymnocalycium monvillei var. safronovii V.Gapon in Kaktus-Klub 13: 33. 2009 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#61.50.1 Gymnocalycium monvillei subsp. achirasense (H.Till & Schatzl) H.Till in Gymnocalycium 6(3): 102. 1993. Sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.50.1Gymnocalycium achirasense H.Till & Schatzl in Kakteen And. Sukk. 38(8): 191. 1987 Gymnocalycium horridispinum var. achirasense (H.Till & Schatzl) Lodé in Cact. Avent. 27: 29. 1995 Gymnocalycium horridispinum subsp. achirasense (H.Till & Schatzl) G.J.Charles, Gymnocalycium Habitat Culture: 154. 2009

Syn.#61.50.2= Gymnocalycium monvillei var. chacrasense Neuhuber in Gymnocalycium 6: 105. 1993 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Gymnocalycium achirasense var. chacrasense (Neuhuber) V.Gapon, 11000 km Argentina Kaktusy: 89. 2010 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Gymnocalycium achirasense subsp. chacrasense (Neuhuber) Neuhuber & V.Gapon, Cact. Explor. 15: 72. 2016 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.50.3= Gymnocalycium monvillei var. echinatum Neuhuber in Gymnocalycium 6: 108. 1993 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Gymnocalycium achirasense subsp. echinatum (Neuhuber) V.Gapon, 11000 km Argentina Kaktusy: 89. 2010 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.50.4= Gymnocalycium monvillei var. kainradliae Neuhuber in Gymnocalycium 6: 107. 1993 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Gymnocalycium achirasense subsp. kainradliae (Neuhuber) V.Gapon, 11000 km Argentina Kaktusy: 89. 2010 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Gymnocalycium orientale subsp. kainradliae (Neuhuber) Neuhuber & V.Gapon, Cact. Explor. 15: 71. 2016 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.50.5= Gymnocalycium monvillei var. orientale Neuhuber in Gymnocalycium 6: 103. 1993 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Gymnocalycium achirasense var. orientale (Neuhuber) V.Gapon, 11000 km Argentina Kaktusy: 89. 2010 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Gymnocalycium orientale (Neuhuber) Neuhuber & V.Gapon, Cact. Explor. 15: 70. 2016 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.50.6= Gymnocalycium orientale var. vikulovii Neuhuber & V.Gapon, Cact. Explor. 15: 72. 2016 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#61.51.1 Gymnocalycium monvillei subsp. horridispinum (G.Frank & H.Till) H.Till in Gymnocalycium 6(3): 102. 1993. Sec. Demaio & al. (2011)

Syn.#61.51.1Gymnocalycium horridispinum G.Frank & H.Till in Kakteen And. Sukk. 38(8): 191. 1987

Syn.#61.51.2= Gymnocalycium lamudanaense Chvastek & Milt in Cactaceae etc. 28: 127-128. 2018 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Acc.#61.52.1 Gymnocalycium monvillei subsp. monvillei. Sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.52.2= Echinocactus multiflorus Hook. in Bot. Mag. 71: t. 4181. 1845 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium multiflorum (Hook.) Britton & Rose in Addisonia 3: 5. 1918 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.52.3= Echinocactus multiflorus var. albispinus K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 405. 1898 syn. sec. Tropicos Echinocactus multiflorus f. albispinus (K.Schum.) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 186. 1907 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#61.52.4= Echinocactus multiflorus var. hybopleurus K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 405. 1898 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Gymnocalycium hybopleurum (K.Schum.) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 289. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#61.52.5= Echinocactus multiflorus var. parisiensis K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 405. 1898 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Echinocactus multiflorus f. parisiensis (K.Schum.) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 186. 1907 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#61.52.6= Echinocactus brachyanthus Gürke in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 17: 123. 1907 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium brachyanthum (Gürke) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 159. 1922 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium monvillei subsp. brachyanthum (Gürke) H.Till in Gymnocalycium 6: 102. 1993 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.52.7= Gymnocalycium schuetzianum H.Till & Schatzl in Kakteen And. Sukk. 32: 236. 1981 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.52.8= Gymnocalycium monvillei var. gertrudae Neuhuber in Gymnocalycium 6: 110. 1993 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Gymnocalycium monvillei subsp. gertrudae (Neuhuber) Neuhuber in Gymnocalycium 12: 286. 1999 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#61.52.9= Gymnocalycium nigriareolatum f. carmineum H.Till in Gymnocalycium 11: 255. 1998 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Acc.#61.53.1 Gymnocalycium mostii (Gürke) Britton & Rose in Addisonia 3: 5. 1918. Sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.53.1Echinocactus mostii Gürke in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 16: 11. 1906 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.53.2= Echinocactus kurtzianus Gürke in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 16: 55. 1906 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium kurtzianum (Gürke) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 163. 1922 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium mostii var. kurtzianum (Gürke) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 292. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium mostii f. kurtzianum (Gürke) H.Till & Amerh. in Gymnocalycium 15: 430. 2002 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.53.3= Gymnocalycium valnicekianum Jajó in Kaktusář 5: 73. 1934 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Gymnocalycium mostii subsp. valnicekianum (Jajó) Mereg. & G.J.Charles in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 24: 25. 2008 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#61.53.4= Gymnocalycium immemoratum A.Cast. & H.V.Lelong in Lilloa 4: 195. 1939 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Gymnocalycium mostii var. immemoratum (A.Cast. & H.V.Lelong) H.Till & Amerh. in Gymnocalycium 15: 431. 2002 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.53.5= Gymnocalycium tobuschianum Schick-Freib. in Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 15: 44. 1953 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#61.53.6= Gymnocalycium prochazkianum Šorma in Gymnofil 28: 2. 1999 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Gymnocalycium valnicekianum subsp. prochazkianum (Šorma) H.Till & Amerh. in Gymnocalycium 15: 452. 2002 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Gymnocalycium mostii subsp. prochazkianum (Šorma) G.J.Charles in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 29: 14. 2013 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.53.7= Gymnocalycium mostii var. miradorense H.Till & Amerh. in Gymnocalycium 15: 432. 2002 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.53.8= Gymnocalycium valnicekianum var. bicolor H.Till & Amerh. in Gymnocalycium 15: 452. 2002 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.53.9= Gymnocalycium prochazkianum subsp. ivoi Halda & Milt in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 13: 10. 2006 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.53.10= Gymnocalycium prochazkianum subsp. simile Řepka in Bradleya 31: 109. 2013 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.53.11= Gymnocalycium prochazkianum subsp. simplex Řepka in Bradleya 31: 106. 2013 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Gymnocalycium bicolor subsp. simplex (Řepka) V.Gapon in Kaktus-Klub, n.s. 5(1): 63. 2021 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.53.12= Gymnocalycium mostii subsp. bicolor Řepka in Bradleya 32: 171. 2014 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Gymnocalycium bicolor (Řepka) V.Gapon in Kaktus-Klub, n.s. 5(1): 63. 2021 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.53.13Gymnocalycium bicolor Schütz in Friciana 7: 2. 1962, nom. inval. syn. sec. WFO 2019

Acc.#61.54.1 Gymnocalycium neuhuberi H.Till & W.Till in Gymnocalycium 5(1): 59. 1992. Sec. Charles (2009)

Acc.#61.55.1 Gymnocalycium nigriareolatum Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1934(5): 8, genus 74, sp. 1. 1934. Sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.55.2= Gymnocalycium nigriareolatum var. densispinum Backeb. ex H.Till in Gymnocalycium 11: 255. 1998 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.55.3= Gymnocalycium nigriareolatum var. simoi H.Till in Gymnocalycium 11: 258. 1998 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.55.4Gymnocalycium curvispinum Frič in Möller's Deutsche Gärtn.-Zeitung 44: 170. 1929, nom. nud. syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Acc.#61.56.1 Gymnocalycium ochoterenae Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 293, 417. 1936 ["1935"]. Sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.56.1Gymnocalycium ochoterenae subsp. ochoterenae syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.56.2= Gymnocalycium ochoterenae var. cinereum Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 417. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.56.3= Gymnocalycium vatteri Buining in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1950: 66. 1950 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium ochoterenae subsp. vatteri (Buining) Papsch in Gymnocalycium 6: 79. 1993 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.56.4= Gymnocalycium ochoterenae var. polygonum Backeb., Kakteenlex.: 171. 1966 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.56.5= Gymnocalycium intertextum Backeb. ex H.Till in Kakteen And. Sukk. 38: 191. 1987 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium bodenbenderianum subsp. intertextum (Backeb. ex H.Till) H.Till in Gymnocalycium 6: 83. 1993 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#61.56.6= Gymnocalycium ochoterenae subsp. herbsthoferianum H.Till & Neuhuber in Gymnocalycium 5: 75. 1992 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.56.7= Gymnocalycium ochoterenae var. scoparium H.Till & Neuhuber in Gymnocalycium 5: 74. 1992 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#61.56.8= Gymnocalycium ochoterenae var. altautinense Papsch in Gymnocalycium 6: 79. 1993 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Gymnocalycium vatteri var. altautinense (Papsch) V.Gapon, Gymnorus 19: 74. 2007 ["2006"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.56.9= Gymnocalycium intertextum f. moserianum J.G.Lamb. in Succulenta (Netherlands) 87: 6. 2008 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.56.10Gymnocalycium moserianum Schütz in Kaktusy (Brno) 2: 28. 1966, nom. inval. syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.56.11Gymnocalycium ochoterenae var. tenuispinum Backeb., Kakteenlex.: 171. 1966, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.56.12Gymnocalycium ochoterenae var. variispinum Backeb., Kakteenlex.: 172. 1966, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#61.57.1 Gymnocalycium oenanthemum Backeb. in Kaktusář 1934(9): 2. 1934. Sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.57.2= Gymnocalycium tillianum Rausch in Kakteen And. Sukk. 21: 66. 1970 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium oenanthemum var. tillianum (Rausch) Slaba in Kaktusy (Brno) 47: 44. 2011

Syn.#61.57.3= Gymnocalycium carminanthum Borth & Koop in Kakteen And. Sukk. 27: 73. 1976 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium oenanthemum subsp. carminanthum (Borth & Koop) H.Till in Gymnocalycium 21 (Sonderausgabe): 816. 2008

Syn.#61.57.4= Gymnocalycium ambatoense Piltz in Kakteen And. Sukk. 31: 13. 1980 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.57.5= Gymnocalycium carminanthum var. montanum Slaba in Kaktusy (Brno) 35: 8. 1999 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Gymnocalycium tillianum subsp. montanum (Slaba) F.Berger in Gymnocalycium 22: 866. 2009 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Gymnocalycium oenanthemum var. montanum (Slaba) Slaba in Kaktusy (Brno) 47: 42. 2011

Syn.#61.57.6= Gymnocalycium ambatoense subsp. plesnikii Halda & Milt in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 13: 19. 2006 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Acc.#61.58.1 Gymnocalycium paediophilum F.Ritter ex Schütz in Kaktusy 13(5): 100. 1977 [as "paediophylum"]. Sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.58.1Gymnocalycium paediophilum F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 269. 1979, nom. inval. syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.58.2Gymnocalycium paediophylum F.Ritter ex Schütz, nom. inval. syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Notes. – Schütz published the species name with the spelling “paediophylum”. According to the author this was a spelling mistake (paediophilum = child-loving, because the species offsets easily) and he corrected it later (Schütz 1986). [Metzing (2021)]

Acc.#61.59.1 Gymnocalycium paraguayense (K.Schum.) Hosseus in Arch. Esc. Farm. Fac. Sci. Med. Cordoba 9: 106. 1939. Sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.59.1Echinocactus paraguayensis K.Schum. in Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 3: 252. 1903 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Echinocactus denudatus var. paraguayensis (K.Schum.) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 190. 1907 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Gymnocalycium paraguayense (K.Schum.) Schütz in Succulenta (Netherlands) 50(6): 105. 1971 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.59.2= Echinocactus denudatus var. golzianus F.Haage in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 7: 197. 1897 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#61.59.3= Echinocactus denudatus var. andersohnianus F.Haage in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 8: 36. 1898 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus denudatus f. andersohnianus (F.Haage) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 189. 1907 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.59.4= Echinocactus denudatus var. bruennowianus F.Haage in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 8: 37. 1898 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus denudatus f. bruennowianus (F.Haage) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 189. 1907 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.59.5= Echinocactus denudatus var. brumorviana F.Haage in Cact. J. (London) 1: 90. 1898 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.59.6= Echinocactus denudatus var. heuschkelianus F.Haage in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 8: 36. 1898 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus denudatus f. heuschkehlianus (J.N.Haage) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 189. 1907 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#61.59.7= Echinocactus denudatus var. meiklejohnianus F.Haage in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 8: 36. 1898 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus denudatus f. meiklejohnianus (F.Haage) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 189. 1907 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#61.59.8= Echinocactus denudatus var. roseiflorus Hildm. ex K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 414. 1898 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus denudatus f. roseiflorus (Hildm. ex K.Schum.) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 190. 1907 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#61.59.9= Echinocactus denudatus var. scheidelianus F.Haage in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 8: 37. 1898 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus denudatus f. scheidelianus (F.Haage) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 190. 1907 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#61.59.10= Echinocactus denudatus var. wagnerianus F.Haage in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 8: 37. 1898 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus denudatus f. wagnerianus (F.Haage) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 190. 1907 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#61.59.11= Echinocactus denudatus var. wieditzianus F.Haage in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 8: 36. 1898 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus denudatus f. wieditzianus (F.Haage) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 190. 1907 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#61.59.12= Echinocactus denudatus var. multiflorus Quézel, M.Barbero & R.J.Loisel in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 14: 178. 1904 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#61.59.13= Echinocactus denudatus var. flavispinus Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 189. 1907 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#61.59.14= Echinocactus denudatus var. anisitsii Frič, Kakteenjäger: 6. 1929 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#61.59.15= Gymnocalycium fleischerianum Jojo ex Backeb. & F.M.Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 288. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.59.16= Gymnocalycium paraguayense f. fleischerianum Mereg., Metzing & R.Kiesling in Candollea 57: 313. 2002 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Gymnocalycium fleischerianum (Mereg., Metzing & R.Kiesling) L.Vala in Gymnocalycium 16: 520. 2003 syn. sec. Tropicos Gymnocalycium ×pazoutianum Halda in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 5: 164. 1998

Acc.#61.60.1 Gymnocalycium pflanzii (Vaupel) Werderm., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. C: 24, t. 94. 1935. Sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.60.1Echinocactus pflanzii Vaupel in Z. Sukkulentenk. 1: 83. 1923 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Acc.#61.61.1 Gymnocalycium pflanzii subsp. argentinense H.Till & W.Till in Kakteen And. Sukk. 39: 277. 1988. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#61.61.1Gymnocalycium marquezii var. argentinense Backeb., Kakteenlex.: 169. 1966, nom. inval. syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Acc.#61.62.1 Gymnocalycium pflanzii subsp. pflanzii. Sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#61.62.2= Gymnocalycium lagunillasense Cárdenas in Kakteen And. Sukk. 9(2): 22. 1958 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Gymnocalycium pflanzii var. lagunillasense (Cárdenas) Donald in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 26: 100. 1971 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#61.62.3= Gymnocalycium marquezii Cárdenas in Kakteen And. Sukk. 9(2): 26. 1958 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#61.62.4= Gymnocalycium chuquisacanum Cárdenas in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 38: 146. 1966 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Gymnocalycium pflanzii f. chuquisacanum (Cárdenas) Donald in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 26: 100. 1971 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#61.62.5= Gymnocalycium izozogsii Cárdenas in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 38: 145. 1966 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Gymnocalycium pflanzii var. izozogsii (Cárdenas) Donald in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 26: 100. 1971 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#61.62.6= Gymnocalycium millaresii Cárdenas in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 38: 144. 1966 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Gymnocalycium pflanzii var. millaresii (Cárdenas) Donald in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 26: 100. 1971 Gymnocalycium zegarrae subsp. millaresii (Cárdenas) H.Till & W.Till in Gymnocalycium 13: 355. 2000

Syn.#61.62.7= Gymnocalycium pflanzii subsp. dorisiae Amerh., Gymnocalycium 11: 267. 1998 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.62.8= Gymnocalycium pflanzii var. paraguayense H.Till & Amerh. in Gymnocalycium 13: 347. 2000 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Acc.#61.63.1 Gymnocalycium pflanzii subsp. zegarrae (Cárdenas) G.J.Charles in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 20: 18. 2005. Sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.63.1Gymnocalycium zegarrae Cárdenas in Kakteen And. Sukk. 9(2): 21. 1958 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Gymnocalycium pflanzii var. zegarrae (Cárdenas) Donald in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 26: 100. 1971 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.63.2= Gymnocalycium riograndense Cárdenas in Kakteen And. Sukk. 9(2): 24. 1958 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Gymnocalycium pflanzii var. riograndense (Cárdenas) Donald in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 26: 100. 1971 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Gymnocalycium zegarrae subsp. riograndense (Cárdenas) H.Till & Amerh. in Gymnocalycium 13: 353. 2000 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014) Gymnocalycium zegarrae var. riograndense (Cárdenas) H.Till & Amerh. in Gymnocalycium 13: 353. 2000 syn. sec. Kiesling & al. (2014)

Syn.#61.63.3= Gymnocalycium pflanzii var. albipulpa F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 660. 1980 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Acc.#61.64.1 Gymnocalycium pugionacanthum Backeb. ex H.Till in Kakteen And. Sukk. 38: 191. 1987. Sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.64.2= Gymnocalycium catamarcense H.Till & W.Till in Gymnocalycium 8: 142. 1995 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.64.3= Gymnocalycium catamarcense f. belense H.Till & W.Till in Gymnocalycium 8: 144. 1995 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.64.4= Gymnocalycium catamarcense f. ensispinum H.Till & W.Till in Gymnocalycium 8: 143. 1995 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#61.64.5= Gymnocalycium catamarcense f. montanum H.Till & W.Till in Gymnocalycium 8: 143. 1995 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.64.6= Gymnocalycium catamarcense subsp. acinacispinum H.Till & W.Till in Gymnocalycium 8: 146. 1995 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.64.7= Gymnocalycium catamarcense subsp. schmidianum H.Till & W.Till in Gymnocalycium 8: 145. 1995 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.64.8Gymnocalycium schmidianum (H.Till & W.Till) Mereg. & Kulhánek in Schütziana 6(1): 7. 2015 syn. sec. IPNI

Syn.#61.64.9= Gymnocalycium schmidianum subsp. asperum Mereg. & Kulhánek in Schütziana 6(1): 22. 2015 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.64.10= Gymnocalycium pugionacanthum var. stejskalii Milt in Cactaceae etc. 27(4): 68-69. 2017 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Acc.#61.65.1 Gymnocalycium quehlianum (F.Haage ex H.Quehl) Vaupel ex Hosseus in Revista Centro Estud. Farm. reimpr. 2(6): 22. 1926. Sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.65.1Echinocactus quehlianus F.Haage ex H.Quehl in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 9: 43. 1899 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.65.2= Echinocactus platensis var. quehlianus Speg. in Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, ser. 3, 4: 504. 1905 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.65.3= Echinocactus stellatus Speg. in Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, ser. 3, 4: 505. 1905 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium stellatum (Speg.) Speg. in Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 99: 142. 1925 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium quehlianum var. stellatum (Speg.) Dölz in Sukkulentenkunde 6: 30. 1957 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.65.4= Gymnocalycium quehlianum var. rolfianum Schick in Sukkulentenkunde 2: 26. 1948 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.65.5= Gymnocalycium quehlianum var. zantnerianum Schick in Sukkulentenkunde 2: 25. 1948 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Gymnocalycium stellatum var. zantnerianum (H.Schick) H.Till & W.Till in Gymnocalycium 9: 169. 1996 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#61.65.6= Gymnocalycium asterium A.Cast. in Revista Fac. Ci. Agrar. Mendoza 6: 2. 1957, nom. illeg. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.65.7= Gymnocalycium asterium var. minimum Pazout, Kaktusy: 132. 1960 syn. sec. Metzing (2021) Gymnocalycium stellatum var. minimum (Pazout) R.Strong in Natl. Cact. Succ. J. 30: 49. 1975 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.65.8= Gymnocalycium obductum Piltz in Succulenta (Netherlands) 69: 75. 1990 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium stellatum var. obductum (Piltz) H.Till & W.Till in Gymnocalycium 9: 174. 1996

Syn.#61.65.9= Gymnocalycium stellatum var. kleinianum Rausch ex H.Till & W.Till in Gymnocalycium 9: 171. 1996 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#61.65.10= Gymnocalycium stellatum var. flavispinum Bozsing ex H.Till & W.Till in Gymnocalycium 9: 172. 1996 syn. sec. Tropicos Gymnocalycium quehlianum var. flavispinum Bozsing ex Backeb., Cactaceae 3: 1722. 1959, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.65.11Echinocactus stenocarpus K.Schum. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 10: 181. 1900, nom. inval. syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#61.65.12Gymnocalycium quehlianum var. albispinum Bozsing ex Backeb., Cactaceae 3: 1722. 1959, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#61.66.1 Gymnocalycium ragonesei A.Cast. in Lilloa 23: 5, f. 1. 1950. Sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#61.67.1 Gymnocalycium reductum (Link) Pfeiff. ex Mittler, Taschenb. Cactuslieb. 2: 124. 1844. Sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.67.1Cactus reductus Link, Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 21. 1822 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Cereus reductus (Link) DC., Prodr. 3: 463. 1828 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium reductum (Link) Pfeiff., Abbild. Beschr. Cact. 2: pl. 12. 1846, nom. inval.

Syn.#61.67.2= Echinocactus reductus K.Schum. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 5: 107. 1895 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.67.3= Echinocactus fennellii F.Haage ex K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 409. 1898 syn. sec. Metzing (2021) Echinocactus gibbosus var. fennellii F.Haage ex Quehl in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 9: 115. 1899 syn. sec. Metzing (2021) Echinocactus gibbosus f. fennellii (F.Haage ex K.Schum.) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 186. 1907 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.67.4= Gymnocalycium sibalii Halda & Milt in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 13: 7. 2006 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Gymnocalycium reductum subsp. sibalii (Halda & Milt) Neuhuber in Gymnocalycium 21: 758. 2008 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#61.68.1 Gymnocalycium reductum subsp. leeanum (Hook.) Papsch in Gymnocalycium 13: 371. 2000. Sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.68.1Echinocactus leeanus Hook. in Bot. Mag. 71: pl 4184. 1845 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium leeanum (Hook.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 154. 1922 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Gymnocalycium reductum var. leeanum (Hook.) Papsch in Gymnocalycium 13: 371. 2000 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#61.68.2= Gymnocalycium schatzlianum Strigl & W.Till in Kakteen And. Sukk. 36: 252. 1985 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium reductum var. schatzlianum (Strigl & W.Till) Papsch in Gymnocalycium 13: 371. 2000

Acc.#61.69.1 Gymnocalycium reductum subsp. reductum. Sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.69.2= Cactus nobilis Haw., Syn. Pl. Succ.: 174. 1812, nom. illeg. syn. sec. Charles (2009) Echinocactus gibbosus var. nobilis (Haw.) K.Schum., Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3, Abt. 6a: 188. 1894 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Echinocactus gibbosus f. nobilis (Haw.) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 186. 1907 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Echinocactus gibbosus var. nobilis Monv. ex Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 91. 1839 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.69.3= Echinocactus mackieanus Hook. in Bot. Mag. 64: t. 3561. 1837 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium mackieanum (Hook.) Metzing, Mereg. & R.Kiesling in Allionia 33: 209. 1995 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.69.4= Echinocactus leucodictyus Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 34, 171. 1850 syn. sec. Metzing (2021) Echinocactus gibbosus var. leucodictyus Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 34, 171. 1850 syn. sec. Metzing (2021) Echinocactus gibbosus var. leucodictyus (Salm-Dyck) Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 583. 1886 syn. sec. Metzing (2021) Echinocactus gibbosus f. leucodictyus (Salm-Dyck) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 186. 1907 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.69.5= Echinocactus gibbosus var. leucacanthus Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 583. 1886 syn. sec. Metzing (2021) Echinocactus gibbosus f. leucacanthus (Rümpler) Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 186. 1907 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.69.6= Echinocactus platensis Speg., Contr. Fl. Sierra Vent.: 28. 1896 syn. sec. Metzing (2021) Echinocactus gibbosus var. platensis (Speg.) Speg. in Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, ser. 3, 2: 8. 1903 syn. sec. Metzing (2021) Gymnocalycium platense (Speg.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 163. 1922 syn. sec. Metzing (2021) Echinocactus gibbosus var. platensis (Speg.) J.G.Lamb. in Repert. Pl. Succ. 42: 5. 1992 syn. sec. Metzing (2021) Gymnocalycium reductum var. platense (Speg.) R.Kiesling in Darwiniana 45: 237. 2007 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.69.7= Echinocactus gibbosus var. ventanicola Speg. in Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, ser. 3, 2: 7. 1903 syn. sec. Metzing (2021) Gymnocalycium platense var. ventanicola (Speg.) R.Kiesling in Darwiniana 24: 441. 1982 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Acc.#61.70.1 Gymnocalycium rhodantherum (Boed.) H.Till in Gymnocalycium 17: 580. 2004. Sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.70.1Echinocactus rhodantherus Boed. in Kakteenkunde 1934: 13. 1934 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium mazanense var. rhodantherum (Boed.) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 291. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.70.2= Gymnocalycium guanchinense Schütz in Sukkulentenkunde 2: 32. 1948 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.70.3= Gymnocalycium jochumii var. jugum Neuhuber in Gymnocalycium 18: 606. 2005 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.70.4= Gymnocalycium coloradense F.Berger in Gymnocalycium 19: 693. 2006 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.70.5= Gymnocalycium rhodantherum subsp. recii Halda & Milt in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 14(4): 100. 2007 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#61.71.1 Gymnocalycium ritterianum Rausch in Kakteen And. Sukk. 23(7): 180. 1972. Sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.71.1Gymnocalycium riteranum Rausch in Kakteen And. Sukk. 23: 180. 1972 syn. sec. Charles (2009) [is misspelling for Gymnocalycium ritterianum Rausch]

Syn.#61.71.2= Gymnocalycium jochumii Neuhuber in Gymnocalycium 18: 605. 2005 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#61.71.3= Gymnocalycium ritterianum subsp. acentracanthum F.Berger in Gymnocalycium 18: 601. 2005 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Acc.#61.72.1 Gymnocalycium robustum R.Kiesling, O.Ferrari & Metzing in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 74: 4. 2002. Sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.72.2= Gymnocalycium kuehhasii Neuhuber & R.Sperling in Gymnocalycium 21: 748. 2008 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.72.3= Gymnocalycium affine Řepka in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 82: 261. 2011 ["2010"] syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.72.4= Gymnocalycium campestre Řepka in Novon 24: 281. 2015 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.72.5= Gymnocalycium alenae Kulhánek in Schütziana 8(2): 28. 2017 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.72.6= Gymnocalycium kuehhasii subsp. corneuspinum Sperling & Strub in Schütziana 10: 43. 2019 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.72.7= Gymnocalycium kuehhasii subsp. incurvatispinum Sperling & Strub in Schütziana 10: 43. 2019 syn. sec. Metzing (2021) Gymnocalycium ×incurvatispinum (Sperling & Strub) Řepka in Gymnocalycium 32: 1341-1342. 2019 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Acc.#61.73.1 Gymnocalycium saglionis (Cels) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 157. 1922 [as "saglione"]. Sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.73.1Echinocactus saglionis Cels, Portef. Hort.: 180. 1847 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium saglione (Cels) Britton & Rose, nom. inval. syn. sec. TPL (2013)

Syn.#61.73.2= Echinocactus hybogonus Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 167. 1850 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.73.3= Gymnocalycium saglionis var. jujuyense Backeb. in Kaktusár 5: 106. 1934 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.73.4= Brachycalycium tilcarense Backeb. in Cactaceae (Berlin) 1941(2): 78. 1942 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium saglionis subsp. tilcarense (Backeb.) H.Till & W.Till in Gymnocalycium 10: 215. 1997 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.73.5= Gymnocalycium saglionis f. columnare H.Till in Gymnocalycium 25: 1029. 2012 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.73.6= Gymnocalycium saglionis f. splendens H.Till in Gymnocalycium 25: 1029. 2012 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.73.7= Gymnocalycium saglionis var. australe H.Till in Gymnocalycium 25: 1029. 2012 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.73.8= Gymnocalycium saglionis var. minus H.Till in Gymnocalycium 25: 1028. 2012 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Notes. – Britton & Rose (1922) used the spelling “saglione”, but the original spelling has to be retained. [Metzing (2021)]

Acc.#61.74.1 Gymnocalycium schickendantzii (F.A.C.Weber) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 164–165. 1922. Sec. Demaio & al. (2011)

Syn.#61.74.1Echinocactus schickendantzii F.A.C.Weber in Bois, Dict. Hort.: 470. 1896

Acc.#61.75.1 Gymnocalycium schickendantzii subsp. delaetii (K.Schum.) G.J.Charles in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 20: 18. 2005. Sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.75.1Echinocactus delaetii K.Schum. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 11: 186. 1901 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium delaetii (K.Schum.) Hosseus in Revista Centro Estud. Farm. reimpr. 2(6): 22. 1926 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.75.2= Echinocactus joossensianus Boed. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 28: 40. 1918 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Gymnocalycium joossensianum (Boed.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 166. 1922 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#61.75.3= Gymnocalycium antherostele F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 475. 1980 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.75.4= Gymnocalycium delaetii f. antherosacos F.Ritter ex Neuhuber in Gymnocalycium 14: 423. 2001 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#61.76.1 Gymnocalycium schickendantzii subsp. schickendantzii. Sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.76.2= Echinocactus stuckertii Speg. in Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, ser. 3, 4: 502. 1905 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium stuckertii (Speg.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 165. 1922 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#61.76.3= Gymnocalycium michoga Y.Itô, Explan. Diagr. Austroechinocactinae: 292. 1957 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.76.4= Gymnocalycium schickendantzii subsp. bergeri Neuhuber in Gymnocalycium 14: 420. 2001 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.76.5= Gymnocalycium schickendantzii subsp. periferalium Neuhuber in Gymnocalycium 17: 564. 2004 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.76.6= Gymnocalycium schickendantzii var. pectinatum Neuhuber in Gymnocalycium 17: 565. 2004 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.76.7= Gymnocalycium pungens Fleischer ex Milt in Cactaceae etc. 30: 98-99. 2020 syn. sec. Metzing (2021) Gymnocalycium pungens Fleisch. in Friciana 1(7): 1. 1962, nom. inval. syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Acc.#61.77.1 Gymnocalycium schroederianum Osten in Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 5: 60, pl. 49–50. 1941. Sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.77.1Gymnocalycium hyptiacanthum subsp. schroederianum (Osten) Papsch in Gymnocalycium 14: 390. 2001 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Gymnocalycium platense subsp. schroederianum (Osten) Papsch in Schütziana 6(3): 8. 2015 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Gymnocalycium schroederianum subsp. schroederianum syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.77.2= Gymnocalycium schroederianum subsp. bayense R.Kiesling in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 59: 48. 1987 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.77.3= Gymnocalycium schroederianum subsp. paucicostatum R.Kiesling in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 59: 49. 1987 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Gymnocalycium platense subsp. paucicostatum (R.Kiesling) Papsch in Schütziana 6(3): 8. 2015 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Gymnocalycium hyptiacanthum subsp. paucicostatum (R.Kiesling) Papsch in Gymnocalycium 14: 390. 2001, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.77.4= Gymnocalycium erolesii Neuhuber & C.A.L.Bercht in Gymnocalycium 15: 475. 2002 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.77.5= Gymnocalycium schroederianum subsp. boessii R.Kiesling, Marchesi & O.Ferrari in Kakteen And. Sukk. 53: 226. 2002 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#61.78.1 Gymnocalycium spegazzinii Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 155. 1922. Sec. Demaio & al. (2011)

Syn.#61.78.2= Echinocactus loricatus Poselg. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 21: 107. 1853 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#61.78.3= Gymnocalycium horizonthalonium Frič ex Kreuz. in Möller's Deutsche Gärtn.-Zeitung 44: 254. 1929 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.78.4= Gymnocalycium spegazzinii var. punillense H.Till & W.Till in Gymnocalycium 7: 119. 1994 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.78.5= Gymnocalycium spegazzinii f. unguispinum Slaba in Kaktusy (Brno) 41: 41. 2005 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#61.78.6= Gymnocalycium spegazzinii subsp. sarkae Halda & Milt in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 13: 22. 2006 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#61.79.1 Gymnocalycium spegazzinii subsp. cardenasianum (F.Ritter) R.Kiesling & Metzing in Darwiniana 34: 404. 1996. Sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#61.79.1Gymnocalycium cardenasianum F.Ritter in Taxon 13: 144. 1964 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#61.79.2= Gymnocalycium armatum F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 662. 1980 syn. sec. Metzing (2021) Gymnocalycium cardenasianum f. armatum (F.Ritter) H.Till & Amerh. in Gymnocalycium 12: 308. 1999 syn. sec. Metzing (2021) Gymnocalycium spegazzinii subsp. armatum (F.Ritter) Halda & Šorma in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 9: 65. 2002 syn. sec. Metzing (2021) Gymnocalycium cardenasianum subsp. armatum (F. Ritter) V.Gapon & Vikulov in Kaktus-Klub, n.s. 5(1): 50. 2021 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.79.3= Gymnocalycium cardenasianum var. pseudocrassispinum Milt in Cactaceae etc. 29: 29-30. 2019 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Syn.#61.79.4= Gymnocalycium cardenasianum subsp. pseudoarmatum V.Gapon & Vikulov in Kaktus-Klub, n.s. 5(1): 50. 2021 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Acc.#61.80.1 Gymnocalycium spegazzinii subsp. spegazzinii. Sec. Demaio & al. (2011)

Syn.#61.80.2= Echinocactus loricatus Speg. in Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 3: 502. 1905, nom. illeg. syn. sec. Metzing (2021) Gymnocalycium loricatum Speg. in Anales Soc. Ci. Argent. 99: 140. 1925, nom. illeg. syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#61.80.3= Gymnocalycium spegazzinii var. recii Milt in Cactaceae etc. 27(4): 33-36. 2017 syn. sec. Metzing (2021)

Notes. – Echinocactus loricatus Speg. is a heterotypic homonym of Echinocactus loricatus (Mart. Ex Pfeiff.) Poselg. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 21: 107. 1853. [Metzing (2021)]

Acc.#61.81.1 Gymnocalycium striglianum Jeggle ex H.Till in Kakteen And. Sukk. 38(8): 191. 1987. Sec. Charles (2009)

Notes. – This name may be considered as synonym of Gymnocalycium gibbosum subsp. gibbosum. [Metzing (2021)]

Acc.#61.82.1 Gymnocalycium taningaense Piltz in Kakteen And. Sukk. 41(2): 22–26. 1990. Sec. Charles (2009)

Syn.#61.82.2= Gymnocalycium lukasikii Halda & Kupčák in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 7: 72. 2000 syn. sec. Charles (2009) Gymnocalycium taningaense var. lukasikii (Halda & Kupčák) Neuhuber in Gymnocalycium 20: 704. 2007 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.82.3= Gymnocalycium lukasikii subsp. emilii Halda & Milt in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 13: 8. 2006 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#61.82.4= Gymnocalycium taningaense subsp. fuschilloi Neuhuber in Gymnocalycium 20: 705. 2007 syn. sec. Charles (2009)

Acc.#61.83.1 Gymnocalycium uebelmannianum Rausch in Succulenta (Netherlands) 51(4): 62. 1972. Sec. Demaio & al. (2011)

Acc.#62. Haageocereus Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1934(6): 1. 1934. Sec. Hunt (2006) Type: Haageocereus pseudomelanostele (Werderm. & Backeb.) Backeb.

Syn.#62.g1= Loxanthocereus Backeb. in Cactaceae (Berlin) 1937(1): 24. 1937 syn. sec. Hunt (2006). Type: Loxanthocereus acanthurus (Vaupel) Backeb.

Syn.#62.0.1= Peruvocereus Akers in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 19: 67. 1947 syn. sec. Hunt (2006). Type: Peruvocereus salmonoideus Akers

Syn.#62.0.2Haageocactus Backeb. in Möller's Deutsche Gärtn.-Zeitung 46: 187. 1931, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#62.0.3Floresia Krainz & F.Ritter ex Backeb., Cactaceae 2: 1269. 1959, nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#62.1.1 Haageocereus acranthus (Vaupel) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 207. 1936 ["1935"]. Sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#62.1.1Cereus acranthus Vaupel in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50(2-3, Beibl. 111): 14–15. 1913 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Binghamia acrantha (Vaupel) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 168. 1920 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Pilocereus acranthus K.Schum. ex Weberb., Veg. Erde 12: t. 5b. 1911 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#62.1.2= Haageocereus matucanensis Backeb. in Desert Pl. Life 5: 3. 1933 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#62.1.3= Haageocereus olowinskianus Backeb. in Cactaceae (Berlin) 1936: 119. 1936 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Binghamia olowinskiana (Backeb.) W.T.Marshall in Marshall & Bock, Cactaceae: 100. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Haageocereus acranthus var. olowinskianus (Backeb.) Ostolaza in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 67: 9. 1995 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Haageocereus acranthus subsp. olowinskianus (Backeb.) Ostolaza in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 6: 8. 1998 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#62.1.4= Haageocereus acranthus var. fortalezensis Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 22. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#62.1.5= Haageocereus olowinskianus subvar. erythranthus Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 24. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#62.1.6= Haageocereus achaetus Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 381. 1958 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.1.7= Haageocereus clavispinus Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 382. 1958 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Haageocereus acranthus f. clavispinus (Rauh & Backeb.) Ostolaza in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 67: 10. 1995 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#62.1.8= Haageocereus deflexispinus Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 380. 1958 syn. sec. Tropicos Haageocereus limensis var. deflexispinus (Rauh & Backeb.) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1399. 1981 syn. sec. Tropicos Haageocereus acranthus subsp. deflexispinus (Rauh & Backeb.) Ostolaza in Brit. Cact. Succ. J. 21: 94. 2003 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#62.1.9= Haageocereus olowinskianus var. repandus Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 384. 1958 syn. sec. Tropicos Haageocereus acranthus f. repandus (Rauh & Backeb.) Ostolaza in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 67: 10. 1995 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#62.1.10= Haageocereus olowinskianus var. rubriflorior Rauh & Backeb. syn. sec. Tropicos Haageocereus acranthus f. rubriflorior (Rauh & Backeb.) Ostolaza in Brit. Cact. Succ. J. 14: 167. 1996 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#62.2.1 Haageocereus acranthus subsp. acranthus. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#62.2.2= Haageocereus paradoxus Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 24. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.2.3= Haageocereus icensis Backeb. ex F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1394. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#62.3.1 Haageocereus acranthus subsp. backebergii N.Calderón in Bradleya 25: 64. 2007. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#62.3.1Echinopsis limensis subsp. backebergii (N.Calderón) Molinari & Mayta in Succulentopi@ 14: 20. 2015 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Acc.#62.4.1 Haageocereus acranthus subsp. zonatus (Rauh & Backeb.) Ostolaza in Brit. Cact. Succ. J. 21(2): 94. 2003. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#62.4.1Haageocereus zonatus Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 23. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Haageocereus limensis var. zonatus (Rauh & Backeb.) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1400. 1981, nom. inval. syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Acc.#62.5.1 Haageocereus albispinus (Akers) Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 414. 1958. Sec. Brako & Zarucchi (1993)

Syn.#62.5.1Peruvocereus albispinus Akers in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 20: 154–156. 1948 syn. sec. Brako & Zarucchi (1993)

Syn.#62.5.2= Haageocereus peniculatus Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 21. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Brako & Zarucchi (1993)

Acc.#62.6.1 Haageocereus chilensis F.Ritter ex D.R.Hunt in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 20: 19, 24-25. 2005. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#62.6.2= Cereus fascicularis Meyen in Allg. Gartenzeitung 1: 211. 1833 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Echinocactus fascicularis (Meyen) Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 536. 1840 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Cactus fascicularis (Meyen) Meyen, Observ. Bot. 1: 447. 1843 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Trichocereus fascicularis (Meyen) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 141–142, f. 205–207. 1920 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Weberbauerocereus fascicularis (Meyen) Backeb. in Jahrb. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 1941(2): 31. 1942 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Haageocereus fascicularis (Meyen) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1125. 1980 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Cereus fascicularis (Meyen) K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 57. 1897, nom. inval. syn. sec. IPNI: 24 aug 2020

Syn.#62.6.3= Echinopsis nothochilensis Anceschi & Magli in Cactusinhabitat S. Amer. 2011/2013: 38. 2013 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Acc.#62.7.1 Haageocereus ×comosus Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 430. 1958. Sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#62.8.1 Haageocereus decumbens (Vaupel) Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1934(6): 2. 1934. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#62.8.1Cereus decumbens Vaupel in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 50(2-3, Beibl. 111): 18–19. 1913 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Borzicactus decumbens (Vaupel) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 162. 1920 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Binghamia decumbens (Vaupel) Werderm. in Kakteenkunde 1937: 24. 1937 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Echinopsis decumbens (Vaupel) Mayta in Succulentopi@ 14: 14. 2015 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#62.8.2= Haageocereus australis Backeb. in Jahrb. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 1: 104. 1935 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Binghamia australis (Backeb.) Werderm. in Kakteenkunde 1937: 23. 1937 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#62.8.3= Haageocereus decumbens var. spinosior Backeb. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 23(2): 47. 1951 syn. sec. Tropicos Haageocereus decumbens f. spinosior (Backeb.) Krainz, Kakteen 31: C Va. 1965 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#62.8.4= Haageocereus ocona-camanensis Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 26. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.8.5= Haageocereus ambiguus Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 395. 1958 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.8.6= Haageocereus ambiguus var. reductus Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 395. 1958 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.8.7= Haageocereus australis var. acinacispinus Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 392. 1958 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.8.8= Haageocereus litoralis Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 394. 1958 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.8.9= Haageocereus mamillatus Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 395. 1958 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.8.10= Haageocereus mamillatus var. brevior Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 397. 1958 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.8.11= Haageocereus multicolorispinus Buining in Sukkulentenkunde 7-8: 41. 1963 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#62.8.12= Haageocereus australis f. nanus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1127. 1980 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Syn.#62.8.13= Haageocereus australis f. subtilispinus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 3: 1127. 1980 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Haageocereus subtilispinus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1419. 1981 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinopsis subtilispina (F.Ritter) Mayta in Succulentopi@ 14: 15. 2015 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#62.8.14= Haageocereus chalaensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1389. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#62.8.15= Haageocereus decumbens var. brevispinus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1392. 1981 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.8.16= Echinopsis magliana Mayta & Molinari in Succulentopi@ 14: 14. 2015 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#62.9.1 Haageocereus fulvus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1393. 1981. Sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.9.2= Haageocereus acranthus var. fortalezenis Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 377. 1958 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.9.3= Haageocereus fulvus var. yautanensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1393. 1981 syn. sec. Tropicos

Acc.#62.10.1 Haageocereus kagenekii (C.C.Gmel.) Mottram in Cactician 7: 12. 2014. Sec. Mottram (2014)

Syn.#62.10.1Cactus kagenickii C.C.Gmel., Hortus Carlsruh.: 48. 1811 syn. sec. Mottram (2014) Cereus kageneckii C.C.Gmel. ex Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 77. 1837

Syn.#62.10.2= Cactus multangularis Willd., Enum. Pl., Suppl.: 33. 1814 syn. sec. Mottram (2014) Cereus multangularis (Willd.) Haw., Suppl. Pl. Succ.: 75. 1819 syn. sec. Mottram (2014) Echinocereus multangularis (Willd.) J.N.Haage in Preis-Verz. Cact.: 23. 1859 syn. sec. Franck (2021) Echinocereus multangularis (Willd.) Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 825. 1885 syn. sec. Mottram (2014) Binghamia multangularis (Willd.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 279. 1923 syn. sec. Mottram (2014) Echinopsis multiangularis (Willd.) Molinari in Succulentopi@ 13: 19. 2015 syn. sec. Franck (2021) Cereus multiangularis (Willd.) Haw., Suppl. Pl. Succ.: 75. 1819 syn. sec. Mottram (2014) [is misspelling for Cereus multangularis (Willd.) Haw.] Haageocereus multangularis (Willd.) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1401. 1981, nom. inval. syn. sec. Mottram (2014)

Syn.#62.10.3= Cactus lecchii Colla, Hortus Ripul. App. 4: 6. 1832 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920) Echinocactus lecchii (Colla) G.Don, Hort. Brit., ed. 3: 283. 1839 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#62.10.4= Cereus flavescens Otto ex Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 79. 1837 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920) Echinocereus flavescens (Pfeiff.) Engelm. ex J.N.Haage in Preis-Verz. Cact.: 22. 1859 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#62.10.5= Cereus lecchii Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 78. 1837 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#62.10.6= Cereus multangularis var. pallidior Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 78. 1837 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocereus multangularis var. pallidior (Pfeiff.) Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 825. 1885 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Binghamia multangularis var. pallidior (Pfeiff.) Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 142. 1937 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#62.10.7= Cereus ochracanthus Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 78. 1837 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#62.10.8= Cereus multangularis var. limensis (Salm-Dyck) C.A.Maass in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 15: 119. 1905 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Binghamia multangularis var. limensis (Salm-Dyck) Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 142. 1937 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinopsis limensis (Salm-Dyck) Molinari in Succulentopi@ 13: 19. 2015 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#62.10.9= Cereus multangularis var. rufispinus Haw. ex Fobe in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 18: 75. 1908 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Binghamia multangularis var. rufispina (Haw. ex Fobe) Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 142. 1937 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#62.10.10= Cereus chosicensis Werderm. & Backeb., Neue Kakteen: 74. 1931 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Binghamia chosicensis (Werderm. & Backeb.) Backeb. ex J.West in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 4: 279. 1932 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Haageocereus chosicensis Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 207. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.10.11= Cereus pseudomelanostele Werderm. & Backeb., Neue Kakteen: 74. 1931 syn. sec. Mottram (2014) Binghamia pseudomelanostele (Werderm. & Backeb.) Backeb. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 4: 280. 1932 syn. sec. Mottram (2014) Haageocereus pseudomelanostele (Werderm. & Backeb.) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 209. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Mottram (2014) Echinopsis pseudomelanostele (Werderm. & Backeb.) Anceschi & Magli in Cactusinhabitat S. Amer. 2011/2013: 39. 2013 syn. sec. Mottram (2014) Peruvocereus multangularis Akers in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 22(6): 174. 1950, nom. illeg. syn. sec. Mottram (2014) Haageocereus akersii Backeb. in Rauh in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 416. 1958 syn. sec. Mottram (2014) Haageocereus multangularis var. pseudomelanostele (Werderm. & Backeb.) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1406. 1981, nom. inval. syn. sec. Mottram (2014)

Syn.#62.10.12= Cereus pacalaensis Backeb. in Kakteen-Freund 2(1): 4. 1933 syn. sec. Brako & Zarucchi (1993) Haageocereus pacalaensis Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1936(4): 4. 1936 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Binghamia pacalaensis (Backeb.) Werderm. in Kakteenkunde 1937: 24. 1937 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#62.10.13= Cereus pseudomelanostele var. laredensis Backeb. in Kakteen-Freund 2: 54. 1933 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#62.10.14= Haageocereus laredensis Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 208, 412. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Binghamia laredensis (Backeb.) Werderm. in Kakteenkunde 1937: 24. 1937 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#62.10.15= Peruvocereus rubrispinus Akers in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 19: 121–123. 1947 syn. sec. Brako & Zarucchi (1993) Haageocereus chosicensis var. rubrispinus (Akers) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 207. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Tropicos Haageocereus rubrospinus (Akers) Cullmann in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1960: 13. 1960 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#62.10.16= Peruvocereus rubrospinus Akers in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 19: 121. 1947 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Haageocereus chosicensis f. rubrospinus (Akers) Krainz, Kakteen 28: C Va. 1964 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#62.10.17= Peruvocereus salmonoideus Akers in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 19: 109–110. 1947 syn. sec. Tropicos Haageocereus salmonoideus (Akers) Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 429. 1958 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.10.18= Peruvocereus setosus Akers in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 19: 68–70. 1947 syn. sec. Tropicos Haageocereus pseudomelanostele var. setosus (Akers) Backeb. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 23(2): 47. 1951 syn. sec. Tropicos Haageocereus setosus (Akers) Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 414. 1958 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.10.19= Peruvocereus setosus var. longicomus Akers in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 19: 91. 1947 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Haageocereus pseudomelanostele var. longicomus (Akers) Backeb. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 23: 47. 1951 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Haageocereus setosus var. longicoma (Akers) Backeb. in Rauh in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 1958(1): 414. 1958 syn. sec. Tropicos Haageocereus pseudomelanostele f. longicomus (Akers) Ostolaza in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 67: 8. 1995 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#62.10.20= Peruvocereus viridiflorus Akers in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 19: 143–144. 1947 syn. sec. Tropicos Haageocereus viridiflorus (Akers) Backeb. in Rauh, Beitr. Kenntn. Peruan. Kakteenveg.: 404. 1958 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.10.21= Peruvocereus albispinus var. floribundus Akers in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 20: 155. 1948 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Haageocereus albispinus var. floribundus (Akers) Backeb., Cactaceae 2: 1210. 1959 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#62.10.22= Peruvocereus albispinus var. roseospinus Akers in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 20: 156. 1948 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Haageocereus albispinus var. roseospinus (Akers) Backeb., Cactaceae 2: 1211. 1959 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#62.10.23= Peruvocereus clavatus Akers in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 20: 55. 1948 syn. sec. Brako & Zarucchi (1993)

Syn.#62.10.24= Peruvocereus chrysacanthus Akers in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 21: 45–46. 1949 syn. sec. Tropicos Haageocereus chrysacanthus (Akers) Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 415. 1958 syn. sec. Tropicos Haageocereus pseudomelanostele var. chrysacanthus (Akers) Krainz syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.10.25= Haageocereus crassiareolatus var. smaragdisepalus Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 24. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#62.10.26= Haageocereus dichromus var. pallidior Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 24. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#62.10.27= Haageocereus rigidispinus Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 26. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.10.28= Haageocereus acanthocladus Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 408. 1958 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Haageocereus pseudomelanostele subsp. acanthocladus (Rauh & Backeb.) Ostolaza in Brit. Cact. Succ. J. 21: 94. 2003 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#62.10.29= Haageocereus acranthus var. metachrous Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 376. 1958 syn. sec. Tropicos Haageocereus limensis var. metachrous (Rauh & Backeb.) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1400. 1981 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.10.30= Haageocereus aureispinus var. fuscispinus Rauh & Backeb. in Stizungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 407. 1958 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.10.31= Haageocereus aureispinus var. rigidispinus Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 407. 1958 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.10.32= Haageocereus crassiareolatus Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 421. 1958 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.10.33= Haageocereus dichromus Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 420. 1958 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.10.34= Haageocereus divaricatispinus Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 432. 1958 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.10.35= Haageocereus horrens Rauh & Backeb., Stizungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 411. 1958 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.10.36= Haageocereus horrens var. sphaerocarpus Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 411. 1958 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.10.37= Haageocereus laredensis var. longispinus Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 403. 1958 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#62.10.38= Haageocereus longiareolatus Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 418. 1958 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#62.10.39= Haageocereus piliger Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 415. 1958 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.10.40= Haageocereus pseudomelanostele var. clavatus Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 429. 1958 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.10.41= Haageocereus symmetros Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 430. 1958 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.10.42= Haageocereus tenuispinus Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 409. 1958 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.10.43= Haageocereus zehnderi Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 416. 1958 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.10.44= Haageocereus clavatus Cullmann in Succulenta (Netherlands) 1960: 12. 1960 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.10.45= Haageocereus multangularis var. dichromus (Rauh & Backeb.) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1406. 1981 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.10.46Haageocereus chosicensis var. dichromus F.Ritter & Krainz syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.10.47= Haageocereus vulpes F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1423. 1981 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinopsis vulpes (F.Ritter) Molinari in Succulentopi@ 13: 19. 2015 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#62.10.48= Haageocereus multangularis f. cristatus P.V.Heath in Calyx 5: 64. 1995 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#62.10.49= Cleistocactus ×clavispinus (Rauh & Backeb.) Ostolaza in Brit. Cact. Succ. J. 16: 133. 1998 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#62.10.50= Echinopsis hadriatica Molinari & Mayta in Succulentopi@ 14: 19. 2015 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#62.10.51= Haageocereus chosicensis var. marksianus F.Ritter syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.10.52= Haageocereus laredensis var. montanus F.Ritter syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.10.53= Haageocereus laredensis var. pseudoversicolor F.Ritter syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.10.54= Haageocereus marksianus F.Ritter syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#62.10.55= Haageocereus multangularis var. aureus F.Ritter syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.10.56= Haageocereus pacalaensis var. laredensis Krainz syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.10.57= Haageocereus pacalaensis var. longispinus (Rauh & Backeb.) Krainz syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.10.58= Haageocereus pacalaensis var. montanus F.Ritter syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.10.59= Haageocereus pacalaensis var. pseudoversicolor (Rauh & Backeb.) F.Ritter & Krainz syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.10.60= Haageocereus pacalaensis var. repens Krainz syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.10.61= Haageocereus salmonoideus var. rubrispinus Rauh syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.10.62= Loxanthocereus casmaensis F.Ritter syn. sec. Tropicos

Acc.#62.11.1 Haageocereus pseudomelanostele subsp. aureispinus (Rauh & Backeb.) Ostolaza in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 6: 9. 1998. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#62.11.1Haageocereus aureispinus Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 404. 1958 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Haageocereus pseudomelanostele var. aureispinus (Rauh & Backeb.) Ostolaza in Brit. Cact. Succ. J. 14: 170. 1996 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#62.11.2= Haageocereus pachystele Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 434. 1958 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#62.11.3= Hageocereus aureispinus var. fuscispinus Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl. 1958(1): 407. 1958 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#62.12.1 Haageocereus pseudomelanostele subsp. carminiflorus (Rauh & Backeb.) Ostolaza in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 6: 9. 1998. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#62.12.1Haageocereus pseudomelanostele var. carminiflorus Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 21. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#62.13.1 Haageocereus pseudomelanostele subsp. chryseus D.R.Hunt in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 14: 17. 2002. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#62.13.2= Haageocereus chryseus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1390. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Haageocereus chosicensis var. chrysacanthus F.Ritter syn. sec. Tropicos

Acc.#62.14.1 Haageocereus pseudomelanostele subsp. pseudomelanostele. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#62.15.1 Haageocereus pseudomelanostele subsp. turbidus (Rauh & Backeb.) Ostolaza in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 6: 9. 1998. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#62.15.1Haageocereus turbidus Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 25. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Haageocereus multangularis var. turbidus (Rauh & Backeb.) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1416. 1981 syn. sec. Tropicos Haageocereus pseudomelanostele var. turbidus (Rauh & Backeb.) Ostolaza in Brit. Cact. Succ. J. 16: 132. 1998

Syn.#62.15.2= Haageocereus turbidus var. maculatus Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 426. 1958 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#62.16.1 Haageocereus lanugispinus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1395. 1981. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#62.16.1Echinopsis lanugispina (F.Ritter) Molinari & Mayta in Succulentopi@ 14: 20. 2015 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Acc.#62.17.1 Haageocereus limensis (Salm-Dyck) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1396. 1981, nom. inval. Sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.17.1Cereus limensis Salm-Dyck in Allg. Gartenzeitung 13: 353. 1845 syn. sec. Hunt (2016)

Syn.#62.17.2= Cereus limensis Lodd. ex C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk.: 375. 1846 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.17.3= Echinocereus limensis Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 824. 1885 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#62.17.4= Echinocereus multangularis var. limensis Lem. ex Rümpler, Handb. Cacteenk., ed. 2: 824. 1885 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Syn.#62.17.5= Haageocereus acranthus var. crassispinus Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 377. 1958 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.17.6= Haageocereus lachayensis Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 382. 1958 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.17.7= Haageocereus olowinskianus var. subintertextus Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 387. 1958 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.17.8= Haageocereus pseudoacranthus Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 380. 1958 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.17.9= Haageocereus limensis var. andicola F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1397. 1981 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.17.10= Haageocereus limensis var. brevispinus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1399. 1981 syn. sec. Tropicos

Acc.#62.18.1 Haageocereus platinospinus (Werderm. & Backeb.) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 209. 1936 ["1935"]. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#62.18.1Cereus platinospinus Werderm. & Backeb., Neue Kakteen: 76. 1931 syn. sec. Tropicos Binghamia platinospina (Werderm. & Backeb.) Werderm. in Kakteenkunde 1837: 24. 1937 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Borzicactus platinospinus (Werderm. & Backeb.) Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 148. 1937 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Echinopsis platinospina (Werderm. & Backeb.) Anceschi & Magli in Cactusinhabitat S. Amer. 2011/2013: 39. 2013 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#62.18.2= Haageocereus pluriflorus Rauh & Backeb., Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 389. 1958 syn. sec. Tropicos Haageocereus platinospinus var. pluriflorus (Rauh & Backeb.) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1418. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Echinopsis pluriflora (Rauh & Backeb.) Mayta in Succulentopi@ 14: 15. 2015 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#62.19.1 Haageocereus repens Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 398. 1958. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#62.19.1Haageocereus pacalaensis subsp. repens (Rauh & Backeb.) Ostolaza in Brit. Cact. Succ. J. 18: 130. 2000

Acc.#62.20.1 Haageocereus seticeps Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 423. 1958. Sec. Brako & Zarucchi (1993)

Syn.#62.20.1Haageocereus seticeps var. robustispinus Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 424. 1958 syn. sec. Brako & Zarucchi (1993)

Acc.#62.21.1 Haageocereus tenuis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1421. 1981. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#62.21.1Haageocereus decumbens subsp. tenuis (F.Ritter) D.R.Hunt in Cactaceae Syst. Init. 14: 17. 2002 Echinopsis tenuis (F.Ritter) Molinari in Succulentopi@ 13: 19. 2015 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#62.21.2= Pygmaeocereus densiaculeatus Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 3: 12. 1963 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Arthrocereus densiaculeatus (Backeb.) Krainz, Städtische Sukkulentensammlung Zürich, Kat. Kult. Stehenden Art., ed. 2: 36. 1967 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#62.22.1 Haageocereus versicolor (Werderm. & Backeb.) Backeb. in Jahrb. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 1: 7. 1935. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#62.22.1Cereus versicolor Werderm. & Backeb., Neue Kakteen: 81. 1931 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Binghamia versicolor (Werderm. & Backeb.) J.West in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 4: 279. 1932 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#62.22.2= Cereus versicolor var. humifusus Werderm. & Backeb., Neue Kakteen: 24. 1931 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Haageocereus humifusus (Werderm. & Backeb.) Backeb. syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.22.3= Cereus versicolor var. lasiacanthus Werderm. & Backeb., Neue Kakteen: 81. 1931 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#62.22.4= Cereus versicolor var. xanthacanthus Werderm. & Backeb., Neue Kakteen: 81. 1931 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Haageocereus versicolor var. xanthacanthus (Werderm. & Backeb.) Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1936(4): 3. 1936 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.22.5= Haageocereus versicolor var. aureispinus Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1936(4): 3. 1936 syn. sec. Tropicos Haageocereus versicolor f. aureispinus (Backeb.) Krainz, Kakteen 25: C Va. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#62.22.6= Haageocereus versicolor var. fuscus Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1936(4): 3. 1936 syn. sec. Tropicos Haageocereus versicolor f. fuscus (Backeb.) Krainz, Kakteen 25: C Va. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#62.22.7= Haageocereus versicolor var. humifusus Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1936(4): 3. 1936 syn. sec. Tropicos Binghamia humifusa (Backeb.) Werderm. in Kakteenkunde 1937: 24. 1937 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#62.22.8= Haageocereus versicolor var. lasiacanthus Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1936(4): 3. 1936 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Haageocereus versicolor f. lasiacanthus (Backeb.) Krainz, Kakteen 25: C Va. 1963 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#62.22.9= Binghamia versicolor var. humifusa W.T.Marshall in Marshall & Bock, Cactaceae: 100. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#62.22.10= Binghamia versicolor var. lasiacantha W.T.Marshall in Marshall & Bock, Cactaceae: 100. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#62.22.11= Binghamia versicolor var. xanthacantha W.T.Marshall in Marshall & Bock, Cactaceae: 100. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#62.22.12= Haageocereus versicolor var. catacanthus Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 401. 1958 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.22.13= Haageocereus versicolor var. proliferus Rauh, Kakteen an ihren Standorten: 154. 1979 syn. sec. Tropicos

Syn.#62.22.14= Haageocereus versicolor f. cristatus P.V.Heath in Calyx 5: 65. 1995 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#62.22.15= Haageocereus versicolor var. paitanus F.Ritter syn. sec. Tropicos

Acc.#62.23.1 Haageocereus versicolor subsp. pseudoversicolor (Rauh & Backeb.) N.Calderón in Bradleya 25: 106. 2007. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#62.23.1Haageocereus pseudoversicolor Rauh & Backeb., Descr. Cact. Nov. 1: 23. 1957 ["1956"] syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#62.23.2= Haageocereus icosagonoides Rauh & Backeb. in Sitzungsber. Heidelberger Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.: 402. 1958 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#62.23.3= Haageocereus icosagonoides f. heteracanthus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1395. 1981 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#62.23.4= Haageocereus zangalensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 4: 1424. 1981 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#62.24.1 Haageocereus versicolor subsp. versicolor. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Acc.#63. Harrisia Britton in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35: 561. 1909. Sec. Franck (2016) Type: Harrisia gracilis (Mill.) Britton

Syn.#63.g1=Cereus subg. Eriocereus A.Berger in Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 16: 74. 1905 syn. sec. Franck (2016)

Syn.#63.0.1Eriocereus (A.Berger) Riccob. in Boll. Reale Orto Bot. Palermo 8: 238. 1909 syn. sec. Hunt (2006). Type: Eriocereus tortuosus (J.Forbes) Riccob.

Syn.#63.0.2= Roseocereus Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1938(6): 21. 1938 syn. sec. Hunt (2006). Type: Roseocereus tetracanthus (Labour.) Backeb.

Syn.#63.0.3= Erythrocereus Houghton in Calyx 5: 96. 1996 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#63.0.4= ×Eriocereopsis Doweld in Sukkulenty 4(1-2): 34. 2002 ["2001"] syn. sec. Franck (2016)

Syn.#63.0.5= Serrulatocereus Guiggi in Cactology 5 (Suppl. VI): 1. 2018 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Notes. – Phylogenetics: Harrisia was confirmed as monophyletic by Franck (2012), with a revised infrageneric classification published shortly after (Franck & al. 2013). Key literature: For a synopsis see Franck (2012); further phylogenetic studies see (Franck & al. 2013a; Franck & al. 2013a,b); monograph by Franck (2016). [Franck (2021)]

Acc.#63.1.1 Harrisia aboriginum Small ex Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 154. 1920. Sec. Franck (2016)

Syn.#63.1.1Cereus aboriginum (Small ex Britton & Rose) Little in Amer. Midl. Naturalist 33: 495. 1945 syn. sec. Franck (2016) Cereus gracilis var. aboriginum (Small ex Britton & Rose) L.D.Benson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 41: 126. 1969 syn. sec. Franck (2016) Harrisia gracilis var. aboriginum (Small ex Britton & Rose) D.B.Ward in Novon 14: 366. 2004 syn. sec. Franck (2016)

Syn.#63.1.2= Harrisia donae-antoniae Hooten in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 63(2): 65. 1991 syn. sec. Franck (2016)

Acc.#63.2.1 Harrisia adscendens (Gürke) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 155. 1920. Sec. Franck (2016)

Syn.#63.2.1Cereus adscendens Gürke in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 18: 66. 1908, nom. cons. syn. sec. Franck (2016) Eriocereus adscendens (Gürke) A.Berger, Kakteen: 129. 1929 syn. sec. Franck (2016)

Syn.#63.2.2= Cereus platygonus Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 199. 1850 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Eriocereus platygonus (Otto) Riccob. in Boll. Reale Orto Bot. Palermo 8: 242. 1909 syn. sec. Franck (2016) Harrisia platygona (Otto) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 156. 1920 syn. sec. Franck (2016) Cereus platygonus Otto, Cact. Hort. Dyck.49, ed. 18: 199. 1850, nom. rej. syn. sec. Franck (2016)

Acc.#63.3.1 Harrisia bonplandii (Parm. ex Pfeiff.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 157. 1920. Sec. Franck (2016)

Syn.#63.3.1Cereus bonplandii Parm. ex Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 108. 1837 syn. sec. Franck (2016) Eriocereus bonplandii (Parm. ex Pfeiff.) Riccob. in Boll. Reale Orto Bot. Palermo 8: 238. 1909 syn. sec. Franck (2016) Harrisia pomanensis subsp. bonplandii (Parm. ex Pfeiff.) Braun & Esteves in Succulenta (Netherlands) 73: 131. 1995 syn. sec. Franck (2016)

Syn.#63.3.2= Cereus balansae K.Schum., Fl. Bras. 4(2): 210. 1890 syn. sec. Franck (2016) Harrisia balansae (K.Schum.) N.P.Taylor & Zappi in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 3: 7. 1997 syn. sec. Franck (2016) Echinopsis balansae (K.Schum.) Anceschi & Magli in Cactusinhabitat S. Amer. 2011/2013: 37. 2013 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#63.3.3= Cereus guelichii Speg. in Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, ser. 3, 4: 482. 1905 syn. sec. Franck (2016) Harrisia guelichii (Speg.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 158. 1920 syn. sec. Franck (2016) Eriocereus guelichii (Speg.) A.Berger, Kakteen: 130. 1929 syn. sec. Franck (2016)

Syn.#63.3.4= Cereus pomanensis var. grossei Weing. ex A.Berger, Kakteen: 128. 1929 syn. sec. Franck (2016)

Syn.#63.3.5Cereus rhodocephalus Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 79. 1839, nom. inval. syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Acc.#63.4.1 Harrisia brookii Britton in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35: 564. 1908. Sec. Franck (2016)

Syn.#63.4.1Cereus brookii (Britton) Vaupel in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 24. 1913 syn. sec. Franck (2016)

Acc.#63.5.1 Harrisia caymanensis A.R.Franck in Haseltonia 18: 98. 2012. Sec. Franck (2016)

Acc.#63.6.1 Harrisia divaricata (Lam.) Backeb., Cactaceae 4: 2101. 1960. Sec. Franck (2016)

Syn.#63.6.1Cactus divaricatus Lam., Encycl. 1(1): 540. 1783 syn. sec. Franck (2016) Cereus divaricatus (Lam.) DC., Prodr. 3: 466. 1828 syn. sec. Franck (2016) Pilocereus divaricatus (Lam.) Lem., Rev. Hort. (Paris): 427. 1862 syn. sec. Franck (2016) Harrisia divaricata (Lam.) Lourteig in Bradea 5: 407. 1991, nom. inval. syn. sec. Franck (2016)

Syn.#63.6.2= Cereus serruliflorus Haw. in Philos. Mag. Ann. Chem.: 113. 1830 syn. sec. Franck (2016) Harrisia serruliflora (Haw.) Lourteig in Bradea 5: 408. 1991 syn. sec. Franck (2016) Serrulatocereus serruliflorus (Haw.) Guiggi in Cactology 5 (Suppl. VI): 1. 2018 syn. sec. Franck (2021) Harrisia serruliflorus (Haw.) Lourteig in Bradea 5(44): 408. 1991 syn. sec. TPL (2013) [is misspelling for Harrisia serruliflora (Haw.) Lourteig]

Syn.#63.6.3= Cereus divergens Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 95. 1837 syn. sec. Franck (2016)

Syn.#63.6.4= Harrisia nashii Britton in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35: 564. 1908 syn. sec. Franck (2016) Cereus nashii (Britton) Vaupel in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 27. 1913 syn. sec. Franck (2016)

Syn.#63.6.5= Harrisia nashii var. straminea W.T.Marshall in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 15: 3. 1943 syn. sec. Franck (2016)

Acc.#63.7.1 Harrisia earlei Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 154. 1920. Sec. Franck (2016)

Acc.#63.8.1 Harrisia eriophora (Pfeiff.) Britton in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35: 562. 1908. Sec. Franck (2016)

Syn.#63.8.1Cereus eriophorus Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 94. 1837, nom. cons. prop. syn. sec. Franck (2016)

Acc.#63.9.1 Harrisia fernowii Britton in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35: 562. 1908. Sec. Franck (2016)

Syn.#63.9.2= Cereus eriophorus var. laetevirens Salm-Dyck ex Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 94. 1837 syn. sec. Franck (2016) Cereus eriophorus var. laeteviridis Salm-Dyck ex Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 94. 1837 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) [is misspelling for Cereus eriophorus var. laetevirens Salm-Dyck ex Pfeiff.]

Syn.#63.9.3= Cereus undatus Pfeiff., Enum. Diagn. Cact.: 94. 1837 syn. sec. Franck (2021) Harrisia undata Britton in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35: 564. 1909, nom. illeg. syn. sec. Franck (2016)

Syn.#63.9.4= Harrisia taylorii Britton in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35: 565. 1908 syn. sec. Franck (2016) Cereus taylorii (Britton) Vaupel in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 23: 37. 1913 syn. sec. Franck (2016)

Acc.#63.10.1 Harrisia fragrans Small ex Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 149. 1920. Sec. Franck (2016)

Syn.#63.10.1Cereus fragrans (Small ex Britton & Rose) Little, Amer. Midl. Naturalist 33: 496. 1945 syn. sec. Franck (2016) Cereus eriophorus var. fragrans (Small ex Britton & Rose) L.D.Benson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 41: 126. 1969 syn. sec. Franck (2016) Harrisia eriophora var. fragrans (Small ex Britton & Rose) D.B.Ward in Novon 14: 366. 2004 syn. sec. Franck (2016)

Syn.#63.10.2= Harrisia simpsonii Small ex Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 152. 1920 syn. sec. Franck (2016) Cereus gracilis var. simpsonii (Small ex Britton & Rose) L.D.Benson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 41: 126. 1969 syn. sec. Franck (2016) Harrisia gracilis var. simpsonii (Small ex Britton & Rose) D.B.Ward in Novon 14: 367. 2004 syn. sec. Franck (2016)

Acc.#63.11.1 Harrisia gracilis (Mill.) Britton in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35: 563. 1908. Sec. Franck (2016)

Syn.#63.11.1Cereus gracilis Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8: Cereus no. 8. 1768 syn. sec. Franck (2016) Cactus gracilis (Mill.) Weston in Bot. Univ. 1: 33. 1770 syn. sec. Franck (2016) Echinopsis gracilis (Mill.) Molinari & Mayta in Succulentopi@ 14: 11. 2015 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#63.11.2= Cereus cossyrensis Tineo ex Tod., Index Seminum (PAL) 1857: 39. 1857 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Acc.#63.12.1 Harrisia jusbertii (Rebut) Frič in Möller's Deutsche Gärtn.-Zeitung 36: 421. 1932. Sec. Franck (2016)

Syn.#63.12.1Cereus jusbertii Rebut in Catalogue des Cactées et Plantes Grasses Diverses de la Collection de P. Rebut a Chazay-D’Azergues (Rhône) 1891 (?): 3. 1891 syn. sec. Franck (2016) Eriocereus jusbertii (Rebut) Riccob. in Boll. Reale Orto Bot. Palermo 8: 240. 1909 syn. sec. Franck (2016) ×Harrisnopsis jusbertii (Rebut) P.V.Heath in Calyx 1: 111. 1992 syn. sec. Franck (2016) ×Eriocereopsis jusbertii (Rebut) Doweld in Sukkulenty 4(1-2): 34. 2002 ["2001"] syn. sec. Franck (2016) Cereus jusbertii Rebut ex K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 137. 1897 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Harrisia jusbertii (Rebut) Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 144. 1937, nom. inval. syn. sec. Franck (2016)

Syn.#63.12.2Cereus bonplandii var. brevispinus C.A.Maass in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 15: 119. 1905, nom. inval. syn. sec. Franck (2021)

Acc.#63.13.1 Harrisia martinii (Labour.) Britton in Addisonia 2: 55. 1917. Sec. Franck (2016)

Syn.#63.13.1Cereus martinii Labour. in Annales Soc. Hort. Haute-Garonne 1: 182. 1854 syn. sec. Franck (2016) Eriocereus martinii (Labour.) Riccob. in Boll. Reale Orto Bot. Palermo 8: 241. 1909 syn. sec. Franck (2016)

Syn.#63.13.2= Cereus martinii var. perviridis Weing. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 24: 72. 1914 syn. sec. Franck (2016) Eriocereus perviridis (Weing.) Backeb. in Backeberg & Knuth, Kaktus-ABC: 179. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Harrisia perviridis (Weing.) Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 145. 1937 syn. sec. Franck (2016)

Acc.#63.14.1 Harrisia pomanensis (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 155. 1920. Sec. Franck (2016)

Syn.#63.14.1Cereus pomanensis F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 136. 1899 syn. sec. Franck (2016) Echinopsis pomanensis (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.) Anceschi & Magli in Cactusinhabitat S. Amer. 2011/2013: 39. 2013 syn. sec. Franck (2016) Eriocereus pomanensis (K.Schum.) A.Berger, Kakteen: 129. 1929 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Harrisia pomanensis subsp. pomanensis

Syn.#63.14.2= Eriocereus polycanthus F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 436. 1980 syn. sec. Franck (2016)

Syn.#63.14.3= Eriocereus tarijensis F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 2: 557. 1980 syn. sec. Franck (2016) Harrisia pomanensis subsp. tarijensis Braun & Esteves in Succulenta (Netherlands) 73: 131. 1995 syn. sec. Franck (2016)

Syn.#63.14.4Cereus bonplandii var. pomanensis F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 137. 1897, nom. inval. syn. sec. Franck (2021)

Acc.#63.15.1 Harrisia portoricensis Britton in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 35: 563. 1908. Sec. Franck (2016)

Syn.#63.15.1Cereus portoricensis (Britton) Urb. in Symb. Antill. 4: 430. 1910 syn. sec. Franck (2016)

Syn.#63.15.2= Harrisia hurstii W.T.Marshall in Marshall & Bock, Cactaceae: 96, 97, fig. 46. 1941 syn. sec. Franck (2016)

Acc.#63.16.1 Harrisia regelii (Weing.) Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 145. 1937. Sec. Franck (2016)

Syn.#63.16.1Cereus regelii Weing. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 20: 33. 1910 syn. sec. Franck (2016) Eriocereus martini var. regelii (Weing.) W.T.Marshall in Marshall & Bock, Cactaceae: 98. 1941 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Eriocereus martinii var. regelii (Weing.) W.T.Marshall in Marshall & Bock, Cactaceae: 98. 1941 syn. sec. Franck (2016) Eriocereus regelii (Weing.) Backeb., Cactaceae 4: 2093. 1960 syn. sec. Franck (2016) Harrisia pomanensis subsp. regelii (Weing.) R.Kiesling in Darwiniana 34: 395. 1996 syn. sec. Franck (2016)

Acc.#63.17.1 Harrisia taetra Areces in Revista Jard. Bot. Nac. Univ. Habana 1: 17. 1980. Sec. Franck (2016)

Acc.#63.18.1 Harrisia tetracantha (Labour.) D.R.Hunt in Bradleya 5: 92. 1987. Sec. Franck (2016)

Syn.#63.18.1Cereus tetracanthus Labour. in Rev. Hort. (Paris) 4: 25. 1855 syn. sec. Franck (2016) Eriocereus tetracanthus (Labour.) Riccob. in Boll. Reale Orto Bot. Palermo 8: 244. 1909 syn. sec. Franck (2016) Trichocereus tetracanthus (Labour.) Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 137. 1937 syn. sec. Franck (2016) Roseocereus tephracanthus (Labour.) Backeb. in Cactaceae (Berlin) 1941(2): 30. 1942 syn. sec. Tropicos Roseocereus tetracanthus (Labour.) Backeb. in Cactaceae (Berlin) 1942(2): 30. 1942 syn. sec. Franck (2016) Echinopsis tetracanthus (Labour.) Anceschi & Magli in Cactusinhabitat S. Amer.: 40. 2013 syn. sec. Franck (2016)

Syn.#63.18.2= Cereus tetracanthus var. boliviana F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 81. 1899 syn. sec. Franck (2016) Cereus bolivianus (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.) F.A.C.Weber in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 12: 21. 1902 syn. sec. Franck (2016) Eriocereus tetracanthus var. bolivianus (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.) Backeb., Kaktus-ABC: 179. 1936 ["1935"] syn. sec. Franck (2016) Trichocereus tetracanthus var. boliviensis (F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum.) Borg, Cacti, ed. 1: 137. 1937 syn. sec. Franck (2016)

Acc.#63.19.1 Harrisia tortuosa (J.Forbes) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 154. 1920. Sec. Franck (2016)

Syn.#63.19.1Cereus tortuosus J.Forbes, J. Hort. Tour Germany: 154. 1837 syn. sec. Franck (2016) Eriocereus tortuosus (J.Forbes) Riccob. in Boll. Reale Orto Bot. Palermo 8: 245. 1909 syn. sec. Franck (2016) Cereus tortuosus J.Forbes ex Otto & A.Dietr. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 6: 35. 1838, nom. inval. syn. sec. Franck (2016)

Syn.#63.19.2= Cereus arendtii Hildmann & Mathsson ex K.Schum. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 4: 173. 1894 syn. sec. Franck (2016) Eriocereus arendtii (Hildmann & Mathsson ex K.Schum.) F.Ritter, Kakteen Südamerika 1: 242. 1979 syn. sec. Franck (2016)

Syn.#63.19.3= Cereus atropurpureus Hocay, Cacteencult: 91. 1916 syn. sec. Franck (2016)

Syn.#63.19.4= Eriocereus pomanensis var. uruguayensis (Osten) Backeb., Cactaceae 4: 2095. 1960 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021) Harrisia tortuosa var. uruguayensis Osten in Anales Mus. Hist. Nat. Montevideo, ser. 2, 5(1): 66. 1941, nom. inval. syn. sec. Franck (2016) Harrisia tortuosa subsp. uruguayensis (Osten) Lodé in Cact.-Avent. Int. 97: 2. 2012 ["2013"], nom. inval. syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#64. Hatiora Britton & Rose in L.H.Bailey, Standard Cycl. Hort.: 1432. 1915. Sec. Korotkova & al. (2011) Type: Hatiora salicornioides (Haw.) Britton & Rose

Syn.#64.g1Hariota DC., Mém. Cact.: 23. 1834, nom. illeg. syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1923)

Notes. – The circumscription of Hatiora has been clarified. Hatiora including Rhipsalidopsis as adopted by Barthlott (1987), Barthlott & Hunt (1993), Barthlott & Taylor (1995), Hunt (2006) and Nyffeler & Eggli (2010) was found to be polyphyletic (Calvente & al. 2011a; Korotkova & al. 2011). Hatiora should therefore be restricted to species with cylindrical stems, terete pericarpels, and small yellow-orange or magenta flowers, corresponding to Hatiora in the traditional sense. Accordingly, Rhipsalidopsis in its traditional circumscription should again be accepted at generic rank. [Hernández-Ledesma & al. (2015)]

Acc.#64.1.1 Hatiora herminiae (Porto & A.Cast.) Backeb. ex Barthlott in Bradleya 5: 100. 1987. Sec. Korotkova & al. (2011)

Syn.#64.1.1Hariota herminiae Porto & A.Cast. in Rodriguésia 5: 353. 1941 syn. sec. Barthlott & Taylor (1995) Rhipsalis herminiae (Porto & A.Cast.) Kimnach in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 68(3): 156. 1996 syn. sec. IPNI Hatiora herminiae (Porto & A.Cast.) Backeb., Cactaceae 2: 710. 1959, nom. inval.

Acc.#64.2.1 Hatiora salicornioides (Haw.) Britton & Rose, Stand. Cycl. Hortic. Bailey 3: 1433. 1915. Sec. Korotkova & al. (2011)

Syn.#64.2.1Rhipsalis salicornioides Haw., Suppl. Pl. Succ.: 83. 1819 syn. sec. Barthlott & Taylor (1995) Cactus salicornioides (Haw.) Link & Otto, Icon. Pl. Select.: 49. 1822 syn. sec. Barthlott & Taylor (1995) Hariota salicornioides (Haw.) DC., Mém. Cact.: 23. 1834 syn. sec. Barthlott & Taylor (1995) Hariota salicornioides (Haw.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 263. 1891 syn. sec. Barthlott & Taylor (1995)

Syn.#64.2.2= Cactus lyratus Vell., Fl. Flumin.: 205. 1829 syn. sec. Barthlott & Taylor (1995)

Syn.#64.2.3= Cactus trichotomus Tenore ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 246. 1840 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Syn.#64.2.4= Rhipsalis salicornioides var. gracilior Salm-Dyck ex C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk.: 462. 1846 Hariota salicornioides f. gracilior (Salm-Dyck ex C.F.Först.) A.Cast. in Anais Reunião Sul-Amer. Bot.: 3. 1940 ["1938"]

Syn.#64.2.5= Rhipsalis salicornioides var. strictior C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk.: 462. 1846 syn. sec. IPNI Hariota salicornioides f. strictior (C.F.Först.) A.Cast. in Anais Reunião Sul-Amer. Bot.: 3. 1940 ["1938"]

Syn.#64.2.6= Rhipsalis lagenaria Vöcht. in Jahrb. Wiss. Bot. Leipzig 9: 422. 1873 syn. sec. Barthlott & Taylor (1995)

Syn.#64.2.7= Hariota villigera K.Schum., Fl. Bras. 4(2): 265. 1890 syn. sec. Barthlott & Taylor (1995) Rhipsalis villigera (K.Schum.) Orcutt in W. Amer. Sci. 13: 63. 1902 syn. sec. Barthlott & Taylor (1995) Rhipsalis salicornioides var. villigera (K.Schum.) Loefgr. in Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 1: 85. 1915 Hariota salicornioides f. villigera (K.Schum.) A.Cast. in Anais Reunião Sul-Amer. Bot.: 3. 1940 ["1938"] Hatiora salicornioides var. villigera (K.Schum.) Backeb., Cactaceae 2: 708. 1959 syn. sec. IPNI Hatiora salicornioides f. villigera (K.Schum.) Süpplie, Rhipsalidinae: 66. 1990 syn. sec. IPNI

Syn.#64.2.8= Hariota stricta K.Schum. in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 5: 22. 1895 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1923)

Syn.#64.2.9= Hariota gracilis F.A.C.Weber in Bois, Dict. Hort.: 1048. 1898 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1923) Rhipsalis gracilis F.A.C.Weber in Bois, Dict. Hort.: 1048. 1898 syn. sec. Barthlott & Taylor (1995) Rhipsalis salicornioides var. gracilis F.A.C.Weber in Bois, Dict. Hort.: 1048. 1898 syn. sec. IPNI Hatiora salicornioides f. gracilis (F.A.C.Weber) Süpplie, Rhipsalidinae: 66. 1990, nom. inval. syn. sec. Anderson (2005)

Syn.#64.2.10= Rhipsalis stricta Cels ex F.A.C.Weber in Bois, Dict. Hort.: 1048. 1898 Rhipsalis salicornioides var. stricta F.A.C.Weber in Bois, Dict. Hort.: 1048. 1898 syn. sec. IPNI ≡ ?Hatiora salicornioides var. stricta (Cels ex F.A.C.Weber) Backeb., Cactaceae 2: 708. 1959 Hatiora salicornioides f. stricta (Cels ex F.A.C.Weber) Süpplie, Rhipsalidinae: 66. 1990, nom. inval. syn. sec. Anderson (2005)

Syn.#64.2.11= Hariota salicornioides var. gracilior Gürke, Blüh. Kakteen 8: t. 95. 1907

Syn.#64.2.12= Hariota salicornioides var. strictior Gürke, Blüh. Kakteen 8: t. 95. 1907

Syn.#64.2.13= Rhipsalis schottmuelleri Hort. ex Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 227. 1907 syn. sec. Barthlott & Taylor (1995)

Syn.#64.2.14= Hatiora saluginoides Britton & Rose syn. sec. TPL (2013)

Syn.#64.2.15Hariota gracihs F.A.C.Weber, Dict. Hort. 2: 1048. 1898 syn. sec. TPL (2013) [is misspelling for Hariota gracilis F.A.C.Weber]

Acc.#64.3.1 Hatiora salicornioides f. cylindrica (Britton & Rose) Süpplie, Rhipsalidinae: 65. 1990. Sec. Korotkova & al. (2011)

Syn.#64.3.1Hatiora cylindrica Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 219. 1923 syn. sec. Barthlott & Taylor (1995) Rhipsalis cylindrica (Britton & Rose) Vaupel, Kakteen 1: 39. 1925 syn. sec. Barthlott & Taylor (1995) Hariota cylindrica (Britton & Rose) A.Berger, Kakteen: 96. 1929 syn. sec. Barthlott & Taylor (1995) Rhipsalis salicornioides var. cylindrica (Britton & Rose) Kimnach in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 68: 156. 1996 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#64.3.2= Rhipsalis salicornioides var. bambusoides F.A.C.Weber in Rev. Hort. (Paris) 64: 429. 1892 syn. sec. IPNI Hariota bambusoides (F.A.C.Weber) F.A.C.Weber in Bois, Dict. Hort.: 1048. 1898 syn. sec. Barthlott & Taylor (1995) Rhipsalis bambusoides F.A.C.Weber in Bois, Dict. Hort.: 1048. 1898 syn. sec. Barthlott & Taylor (1995) Hatiora bambusoides (F.A.C.Weber) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 218. 1923 syn. sec. Barthlott & Taylor (1995) Hatiora salicornioides f. bambusoides (F.A.C.Weber) Supplie in Repert. Pl. Succ. 41: 8. 1990 syn. sec. IPNI

Syn.#64.3.3= Rhipsalis bambusoides Loefgr. in Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 2: 41. 1918 syn. sec. Barthlott & Taylor (1995)

Acc.#64.4.1 Hatiora salicornioides f. salicornioides. Sec. Korotkova & al. (2011)

Acc.#65. Homalocephala Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 181. 1922. Sec. Vargas-Luna & al. (2018) Type: Homalocephala texensis (Hopffer) Britton & Rose

Acc.#65.1.1 Homalocephala parryi (Engelm.) Vargas & Bárcenas in PhytoKeys 111: 49. 2018. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#65.1.1Echinocactus parryi Engelm. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 3: 276. 1856 syn. sec. Vargas-Luna & al. (2018) Emorycactus parryi (Engelm.) Doweld in Succulenta (Netherlands) 75: 270. 1996 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#65.2.1 Homalocephala polycephala (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) Vargas & Bárcenas in PhytoKeys 111: 49. 2018. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#65.2.1Echinocactus polycephalus Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow in Pacif. Railr. Rep. Parke, Bot. 4: 31. 1857 syn. sec. Vargas-Luna & al. (2018) Emorycactus polycephalus (Engelm. & J.M.Bigelow) Doweld in Succulenta (Netherlands) 75: 270. 1996 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus polycephalus var. polycephalus syn. sec. Vargas-Luna & al. (2018)

Syn.#65.2.2= Echinocactus polycephalus var. flavispinus F.Haage in Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 9: 43. 1899 syn. sec. WFO 2019

Acc.#65.3.1 Homalocephala polycephala subsp. polycephala. Sec. Vargas-Luna & al. (2018)

Acc.#65.4.1 Homalocephala polycephala subsp. xeranthemoides (J.M.Coult.) Vargas & Bárcenas in PhytoKeys 111: 49. 2018. Sec. Vargas-Luna & al. (2018)

Syn.#65.4.1Echinocactus polycephalus var. xeranthemoides J.M.Coult. in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 358. 1896 Echinocactus xeranthemoides (J.M.Coult.) Engelm., Fl. Rocky Mts.: 579. 1917 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Emorycactus xeranthemoides (J.M.Coult.) Doweld in Succulenta (Netherlands) 75: 270. 1996 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019) Echinocactus polycephalus subsp. xeranthemoides (J.M.Coult.) N.P.Taylor in Cactaceae Consensus Init. 5: 12. 1998 syn. sec. Vargas-Luna & al. (2018) Echinocactus xeranthemoides (J.M.Coult.) Engelm. ex K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 452. 1898, nom. inval. syn. sec. Vargas-Luna & al. (2018)

Acc.#65.5.1 Homalocephala texensis (Hopffer) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 3: 181. 1922. Sec. Guzmán Cruz & al. (2003)

Syn.#65.5.1Echinocactus texensis Hopffer in Allg. Gartenzeitung 10(38): 297–298. 1842 syn. sec. Vargas-Luna & al. (2018)

Syn.#65.5.2= Echinocactus lindheimeri Engelm. & A.Gray in Boston J. Nat. Hist. 5: 246. 1845 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#65.5.3= Echinocactus platycephalus Muehlenpf. in Allg. Gartenzeitung 16: 9. 1848 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#65.5.4= Echinocactus courantianus Lem. ex Labour., Monogr. Cact.: 196. 1853 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Syn.#65.5.5= Echinocactus texensis var. gourgensii Cels ex Labour., Monogr. Cact.: 196. 1853 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922) Homalocephala texensis var. gourgensii (Cels ex Labour.) Y.Itô, Cacti, ed. 2: 108. 1952 syn. sec. Korotkova (2021)

Syn.#65.5.6= Echinocactus texensis var. longispinus Schelle, Handb. Kakteenkult.: 161. 1907 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1922)

Acc.#66. Isolatocereus Backeb. in Cactaceae (Berlin) 1941(2): 47, 76. 1942. Sec. Arias & Aquino (2019) Type: Isolatocereus dumortieri (Scheidw.) Backeb.

Notes. – Isolatocereus is recognized here as a monotypic genus. It belongs to Echinocereeae, based on molecular evidence (Hernández-Hernández & al. 2011) and because it shares the three characters of the group (tannins in the funicles, seeds with striated microrelief, triterpenes in the stem). It shares with Stenocereus the presence of silica bodies in the stem, however, phylogenetic studies carried out with cpDNA markers reveal that it is closer to Myrtillocactus and Escontria. [Arias (2021)]

Acc.#66.1.1 Isolatocereus dumortieri (Scheidw.) Backeb. in Cactaceae (Berlin) 1941(2): 47. 1942. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#66.1.1Cereus dumortieri Scheidw. in Hort. Belge 4: 220. 1837 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Lemaireocereus dumortieri (Scheidw.) Britton & Rose in Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 12(10): 425. 1909 syn. sec. Tropicos Stenocereus dumortieri (Scheidw.) Buxb. in Bot. Stud. 12: 92. 1961 syn. sec. Hunt (2016) Rathbunia dumortieri (Scheidw.) P.V.Heath in Calyx 2: 104. 1992 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#66.1.2= ?Cereus anisacanthus DC. in Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 17: 116. 1828 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920)

Acc.#67. Jasminocereus Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 146. 1920. Sec. Hunt (2006) Type: Jasminocereus thouarsii (F.A.C.Weber) Backeb.

Acc.#67.1.1 Jasminocereus thouarsii (F.A.C.Weber) Backeb., Cactaceae 2: 912. 1959. Sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#67.1.1Cereus thouarsii F.A.C.Weber in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 5: 312. 1899 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Brachycereus thouarsii (F.A.C.Weber) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 120. 1920 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Jasminocereus thouarsii var. thouarsii syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#67.1.2= Cereus galapagensis F.A.C.Weber in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 5: 312. 1899 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Jasminocereus galapagensis (F.A.C.Weber) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 2: 146. 1920 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#67.1.3= Cereus sclerocarpus K.Schum. ex B.L.Rob. in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 38: 179. 1903 syn. sec. Britton & Rose (1920) Jasminocereus sclerocarpus (K.Schum.) Backeb. in Jahrb. Deutsch. Kakteen-Ges. 1943–44: 24. 1944 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Jasminocereus thouarsii var. sclerocarpus (K.Schum.) E.F.Anderson & Walk. in Madroño 20: 256. 1970 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#67.1.4= Jasminocereus howellii E.Y.Dawson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 34: 71. 1962 syn. sec. POWO. Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Jasminocereus thouarsii subsp. howellii (E.Y.Dawson) Guiggi in Cactology 5 (Suppl. 8): 12. 2020

Syn.#67.1.5= Jasminocereus howellii var. delicatus E.Y.Dawson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 34: 72. 1962 syn. sec. Hunt (2006) Jasminocereus thouarsii var. delicatus (E.Y.Dawson) E.F.Anderson & Walk. in Madroño 20: 256. 1970 syn. sec. Hunt (2006)

Syn.#67.1.6= Jasminocereus thouarsii var. chathamensis E.Y.Dawson in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 34: 73. 1962 syn. sec. Kew WCVP (2019)

Acc.#68. Kadenicarpus Doweld in Sukkulenty 1: 22. 1998. Sec. Vázquez-Sánchez & al. (2019) Type: Kadenicarpus pseudomacrochele (Backeb.) Doweld

Syn.#68.g1= Bravocactus Doweld in Sukkulenty 1: 22. 1998 syn. sec. Vázquez-Sánchez & al. (2019). Type: Bravocactus horripilus (Lem.) Doweld

Syn.#68.0.7=Turbinicarpus subg. Kadenicarpus (Doweld) D.Donati, Revis. Tasson. Gen. Turbinicarpus: 21. 2003 syn. sec. VázquezSánchez & al. (2019)

Notes. – Systematics: Kadenicarpus is a monophyletic genus, strongly supported and is resolved as sister to the clade composed of Ariocarpus and Turbinicarpus (Vázquez-Sánchez & al. 2019). Anatomically it shares with Turbinicarpus the presence of prismatic crystals in the hypodermis and differs from it by the presence of xylem fibers in cortical bundles (De la Rosa-Tilapa & al. 2019). Three species and four subspecies are recognized, of which Kadenicarpus pseudomacrochele is the species with more morphological variation (See treatment). Key literature: Recent treatments by De la Rosa-Tilapa & al. (2019), and Vázquez-Sánchez & al. (2019). [Aquino (2021)]

Acc.#68.1.1 Kadenicarpus heliae (García-Mor., Díaz-Salím & Gonz.-Bot.) D.Aquino in Willdenowia 51: 264. 2021. Sec. Aquino (2021)

Syn.#68.1.1Turbinicarpus heliae García-Mor., Díaz-Salím & Gonz.-Bot. in Xerophilia 8(1): 3. 2015 syn. sec. Aquino (2021)

Acc.#68.2.1 Kadenicarpus horripilus (Lem.) Vázquez-Sánchez in Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 190(4): 415. 2019. Sec. Vázquez-Sánchez & al. (2019)

Syn.#68.2.1Echinocactus horripilus Lem. ex C.F.Först., Handb. Cacteenk.: 283. 1846 syn. sec. Aquino (2021) Mammillaria horripila Lem., Cact. Aliq. Nov.: 7. 1838 syn. sec. Vázquez-Sánchez & al. (2019) Echinocactus horripilus (Lem.) Lem., Cact. Gen. Sp. Nov.: 91. 1839 syn. sec. Vázquez-Sánchez & al. (2019) Neolloydia horripila (Lem.) Britton & Rose, Cactaceae 4: 16, f. 13. 1923 syn. sec. Vázquez-Sánchez & al. (2019) Gymnocactus horripilus (Lem. ex C.F.Först.) Backeb. in Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 23: 151. 1951 syn. sec. Vázquez-Sánchez & al. (2019) Thelocactus horripilus (Lem.) Kladiwa in Krainz, Kakteen 44-45: CVIIIb. 1970 syn. sec. Vázquez-Sánchez & al. (2019) Thelocactus horripilus (Lem.) Kladiwa & Fittkau in Krainz, Kakteen 61: CVIIIb. 1975 syn. sec. Vázquez-Sánchez & al. (2019) Turbinicarpus horripilus (Lem.) V.John & Říha in Repert. Pl. Succ. 19(1): 22. 1983 syn. sec. Vázquez-Sánchez & al. (2019) Bravocactus horripilus (Lem.) Doweld in Sukkulenty 1: 22. 1998 syn. sec. Vázquez-Sánchez & al. (2019) Pediocactus horripilus (Lem.) Halda in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 5: 18. 1998 syn. sec. Vázquez-Sánchez & al. (2019)

Syn.#68.2.2= Echinocactus caespititius Pfeiff. ex Salm-Dyck, Cact. Hort. Dyck., ed. 1849: 35. 1850 syn. sec. Aquino (2021)

Syn.#68.2.3= Echinocactus horripilus var. erectocentrus F.A.C.Weber ex K.Schum., Gesamtbeschr. Kakt.: 443. 1898 syn. sec. Aquino (2021)

Syn.#68.2.4= Gymnocactus horripilus subsp. kvetae Chvastek & Halda in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 7: 35. 2000 syn. sec. Aquino (2021) Turbinicarpus horripilus subsp. kvetae (Chvastek & Halda) Chvastek & Halda in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 9: 76. 2002 syn. sec. Aquino (2021)

Syn.#68.2.5= Turbinicarpus horripilus subsp. wrobelianus Nitzschke & Montes in Succulenta (Netherlands) 79: 92. 2000 syn. sec. VázquezSánchez & al. (2019) Turbinicarpus horripilus var. wrobelianus (Nitzschke & Montes) D.Donati & Zanov., Con. Cap. Colt. Turbinicarpus - Rapicactus: 213. 2004 syn. sec. Vázquez-Sánchez & al. (2019) Bravocactus horripilus subsp. wrobelianus (Nitzschke & Montes) Doweld in Sukkulenty 8: 17. 2005 syn. sec. Aquino (2021)

Syn.#68.2.6Thelocactus goldii Bravo in Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. México 26: 23. 1955, nom. inval. syn. sec. Vázquez-Sánchez & al. (2019)

Acc.#68.3.1 Kadenicarpus pseudomacrochele (Backeb.) Doweld in Sukkulenty 1: 22. 1998. Sec. Vázquez-Sánchez & al. (2019)

Syn.#68.3.1Strombocactus pseudomacrochele Backeb. in Blätt. Kakteenf. 1935(6): 4. 1935 syn. sec. Vázquez-Sánchez & al. (2019) Turbinicarpus pseudomacrochele (Backeb.) Buxb. & Backeb. in Cactaceae (Berlin) 1937(1): 27. 1937 syn. sec. VázquezSánchez & al. (2019) Toumeya pseudomacrochele (Backeb.) W.T.Marshall in Cactus (Paris) 4: 5. 1946 syn. sec. VázquezSánchez & al. (2019) Neolloydia pseudomacrochele (Backeb.) E.F.Anderson in Bradleya 4: 22. 1986 syn. sec. VázquezSánchez & al. (2019) Pediocactus pseudomacrochele (Backeb.) Halda in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 5(1): 21. 1998 syn. sec. Vázquez-Sánchez & al. (2019)

Syn.#68.3.2= Turbinicarpus ×kubesii Halda & Kupčák in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 7: 76. 2000 syn. sec. Aquino (2021)

Syn.#68.3.3= Turbinicarpus pseudomacrochele var. alenae Halda & Kupčák in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat., 9: 79. 2002 syn. sec. Aquino (2021)

Notes. – Kadenicarpus pseudomacrochele (Backeb.) Doweld is a species with wide morphological variation. The four subspecies share the presence of numerous tortuous, thin, non-sharp spines and a napiform root (Lüthy & Moser, 2002). The floral variation is the most diverse. Flowers are pale to dark pink in the subspecies pseudomacrochele and lausseri while flowers are yellow in the subspecies krainzianus and minimus, which led authors to suggesting that these subspecies should be recognized as species (Donati & Zanovello, 2004). A systematic study to elucidate the limits between taxa is therefore necessary. It is also worth mentioning that these subspecies are distributed in restricted habitats and that they are sought-after for horticultural purposes (Lüthy & Moser, 2002), so that a better understanding of species limits will also provide a rationale as to which taxa should have priority for conservation. [Aquino (2021)]

Acc.#68.4.1 Kadenicarpus pseudomacrochele subsp. krainzianus (Gerhart Frank) Vázquez-Sánchez in Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 190: 416. 2019. Sec. Vázquez-Sánchez & al. (2019)